scholarly journals GENETIC VARIATION OF Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) ALONG BATANG TARUSAN RIVER, WEST SUMATERA: IMPLICATIONS FOR STOCK IDENTIFICATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Arif Wibowo ◽  
Siswanta Kaban
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Stock Identification ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Population Sampling ◽  
Mtdna Sequence ◽  
High Gene ◽  
Hierarchical Amova ◽  
Amova Analysis

Mahseer (<em>Tor tambroides</em>, Bleeker, 1854) is an important consumption fish species in the Batang Tarusan River, located in the West Sumatera, Indonesia. In this study the CO1 of mtDNA sequence data were used to investigate genetic variability within and between populations of mahseer. Twenty four tissue samples were collected for genetic analysis in the Batang Tarusan River. Genetic analysis revealed two different haplotypes were existed. The overall nucleotide and haplotype variability were low in all sampling sites. Hierarchical AMOVA analysis showed that mahseer populations form a single panmictic population with low FST= 0.02794; p = 0.418 and high gene flow among population sampling. Corroborated result by genetic analysis; there is a strong argument suggesting that the populations could be treated as a single stock unit.

scholarly journals DNA from a 100-year-old holotype confirms the validity of a potentially extinct hummingbird species

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy J. Kirchman ◽  
Christopher C. Witt ◽  
Jimmy A. McGuire ◽  
Gary R. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Mtdna Sequence ◽  
Well Differentiated

We used mtDNA sequence data to confirm that the controversial 100-year-old holotype of the Bogotá sunangel ( Heliangelus zusii ) represents a valid species. We demonstrate that H. zusii is genetically well differentiated from taxa previously hypothesized to have given rise to the specimen via hybridization. Phylogenetic analyses place H. zusii as sister to a clade of mid- to high-elevation Andean species currently placed in the genera Taphrolesbia and Aglaiocercus. Heliangelus zusii , presumed extinct, has never been observed in nature by biologists. We infer that the species occupied a restricted distribution between the upper tropical and temperate zones of the northern Andes and that it was most probably driven to extinction by deforestation that accompanied human population growth during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. We demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining DNA from nearly microscopic tissue samples from old hummingbird specimens and suggest that these methods could be used to resolve the taxonomy of dozens of avian taxa known only from type specimens.

scholarly journals PSI-40 Two mitochondrial lineages revealed in North American yak

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 477-477
Author(s):  
Leah K Treffer ◽  
Edward S Rice ◽  
Anna M Fuller ◽  
Samuel Cutler ◽  
Jessica L Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Mt Dna ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
Mtdna Sequence ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Domestic yak (Bos grunniens) are bovids native to the Asian Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Studies of Asian yak have revealed that introgression with domestic cattle has contributed to the evolution of the species. When imported to North America (NA), some hybridization with B. taurus did occur. The objective of this study was to use mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequence data to better understand the mtDNA origin of NA yak and their relationship to Asian yak and related species. The complete mtDNA sequence of 14 individuals (12 NA yak, 1 Tibetan yak, 1 Tibetan B. indicus) was generated and compared with sequences of similar species from GeneBank (B. indicus, B. grunniens (Chinese), B. taurus, B. gaurus, B. primigenius, B. frontalis, Bison bison, and Ovis aries). Individuals were aligned to the B. grunniens reference genome (ARS_UNL_BGru_maternal_1.0), which was also included in the analyses. The mtDNA genes were annotated using the ARS-UCD1.2 cattle sequence as a reference. Ten unique NA yak haplotypes were identified, which a haplotype network separated into two clusters. Variation among the NA haplotypes included 93 nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms. A maximum likelihood tree including all taxa was made using IQtree after the data were partitioned into twenty-two subgroups using PartitionFinder2. Notably, six NA yak haplotypes formed a clade with B. indicus; the other four haplotypes grouped with B. grunniens and fell as a sister clade to bison, gaur and gayal. These data demonstrate two mitochondrial origins of NA yak with genetic variation in protein coding genes. Although these data suggest yak introgression with B. indicus, it appears to date prior to importation into NA. In addition to contributing to our understanding of the species history, these results suggest the two major mtDNA haplotypes in NA yak may functionally differ. Characterization of the impact of these differences on cellular function is currently underway.

scholarly journals The role of matrilineality in shaping patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA sequence variation in southwestern Angola

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Oliveira ◽  
Alexander Hübner ◽  
Anne-Maria Fehn ◽  
Teresa Aço ◽  
Fernanda Lages ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Population History ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Mtdna Sequence ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Group Variation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Previous Demonstration

AbstractSouthwestern Angola is a region characterized by contact between indigenous foragers and incoming food-producers, involving genetic and cultural exchanges between peoples speaking Kx’a, Khoe-Kwadi and Bantu languages. Although present-day Bantu-speakers share a patrilocal residence pattern and matrilineal principle of clan and group membership, a highly stratified social setting divides dominant pastoralists from marginalized groups that subsist on alternative strategies and have previously been though to have pre-Bantu origins. Here, we compare new high-resolution sequence data from 2.3 Mb of the non-recombining Y chromosome (NRY) from 170 individuals with previously reported mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA), to investigate the population history of seven representative southwestern Angolan groups (Himba, Kuvale, Kwisi, Kwepe, Twa, Tjimba, !Xun) and to study the causes and consequences of sex-biased processes in their genetic variation. We found no clear link between the formerly Kwadi-speaking Kwepe and pre-Bantu eastern African migrants, and no pre-Bantu NRY lineages among Bantu-speaking groups, except for small amounts of “Khoisan” introgression. We therefore propose that irrespective of their subsistence strategies, all Bantu-speaking groups of the area share a male Bantu origin. Additionally, we show that in Bantu-speaking groups, the levels of among-group and between-group variation are higher for mtDNA than for NRY. These results, together with our previous demonstration that the matriclanic systems of southwestern Angolan Bantu groups are genealogically consistent, suggest that matrilineality strongly enhances both female population sizes and interpopulation mtDNA variation.

A new species of Puddle Frog, genus Phrynobatrachus (Amphibia: Anura: Phrynobatrachidae) from Ghana

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4374 (4) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
CALEB OFORI-BOATENG ◽  
ADAM D. LEACHÉ ◽  
BRIGHT OBENG-KANKAM ◽  
N’GORAN GERMAIN KOUAMÉ ◽  
ANNIKA HILLERS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
West African ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Mtdna Sequence ◽  
A New Species ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

We describe a new species of Phrynobatrachus from the eastern part of the Upper Guinea forest region, Ghana, West Africa. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from all of its congeners by the combination of a slender body, short and pointed snout, a relatively warty dorsum, a black-spotted throat in both sexes, a gular flap in males, a dark spotted chest, a white-greyish venter with occasional blackish spots, rudimentary pedal webbing, none to slightly dilated finger tips and strongly delated toe tips, presence of both inner and outer metatarsal tubercles and absence of a dark face mask, eyelid tubercles and longer dorsal ridges. We collected mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data from the 16S rRNA gene to measure the genetic diversity of the new species, and to estimate phylogenetic relationships. The new species is a distinct and monophyletic evolutionary lineage most closely related to Phrynobatrachus gutturosus, P. fraterculus and P. maculiventris. The discovery of this new species highlights that the biodiversity of West African forests is still incompletely known and that the few remaining forests need urgent protection. 

Relationships of scincid lizards (Mabuya spp.) from the islands of the Gulf of Guinea based on mtDNA sequence data

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Jesus ◽  
D. James Harris ◽  
António Brehm
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Recent Proposal ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Sao Tome And Principe ◽  
Mtdna Sequence

AbstractRelationships of Mabuya lizards from the islands of the Gulf of Guinea where estimated using partial 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and cytochrome b mitochondrial gene sequences. Mabuya maculilabris from São Tomé and Principe are discreet monophyletic units, highly divergent from each other and from mainland populations, indicating M. maculilabris may be a species complex. Mabuya affinis from Principe is similarly distinct from mainland populations of this species. The relationships of Mabuya ozorii from Annobon are unclear, but the three species in the Gulf of Guinea islands are not closely related, indicating multiple independent colonization events. The recent proposal to partition Mabuya into four genera is premature, since at least five distinct genetic lineages can be identified.

Molecular taxonomy of two sympatric sibling species of the pollenbeetle genus Meligethes (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALESSIO DE BIASE ◽  
GLORIA ANTONINI ◽  
EMILIANO MANCINI ◽  
PAOLO AUDISIO
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Taxonomy ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Insect Host ◽  
Meligethes Aeneus ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Mtdna Sequence ◽  
Russian Author

A molecular analysis was performed, combined with field data on insect/host-plant associations, in order to clarify taxonomic relationships within the W-Palaearctic Meligethes aeneus complex (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae, Meligethinae). The analysis was focused on the specific distinction of M. aeneus (Fabricius, 1775), and M. gracilis C.Brisout de Barneville, 1863, with special regard to populations occurring in sympatry. The genetic divergence between the two examined taxa, based on comparison between mtDNA sequence data, was congruent with distance values usually scored between related, but evidently separated, insect species. Genetic data and ecological evidence clearly show that Meligethes aeneus and M. gracilis, erroneously synonymized in a recent paper by a Russian author, are distinct biological species that frequently occur in syntopy in Western Europe.

scholarly journals Population structure in the Neisseria , and the biological significance of fuzzy species

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (71) ◽  
pp. 1208-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Corander ◽  
Thomas R. Connor ◽  
Clíona A. O'Dwyer ◽  
J. Simon Kroll ◽  
William P. Hanage
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Population Genetic Analysis ◽  
Uniform Manner ◽  
Complex Forms

Phenotypic and genetic variation in bacteria can take bewilderingly complex forms even within a single genus. One of the most intriguing examples of this is the genus Neisseria , which comprises both pathogens and commensals colonizing a variety of body sites and host species, and causing a range of disease. Complex relatedness among both named species and previously identified lineages of Neisseria makes it challenging to study their evolution. Using the largest publicly available collection of bacterial sequence data in combination with a population genetic analysis and experiment, we probe the contribution of inter-species recombination to neisserial population structure, and specifically whether it is more common in some strains than others. We identify hybrid groups of strains containing sequences typical of more than one species. These groups of strains, typical of a fuzzy species, appear to have experienced elevated rates of inter-species recombination estimated by population genetic analysis and further supported by transformation experiments. In particular, strains of the pathogen Neisseria meningitidis in the fuzzy species boundary appear to follow a different lifestyle, which may have considerable biological implications concerning distribution of novel resistance elements and meningococcal vaccine development. Despite the strong evidence for negligible geographical barriers to gene flow within the population, exchange of genetic material still shows directionality among named species in a non-uniform manner.

Hidden in the highlands: the description and phylogenetic position of a novel endemic freshwater crab species (Potamonautidae : Potamonautes) from Zimbabwe

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethel E. Phiri ◽  
Savel R. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Freshwater Crab ◽  
Crab Species ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Freshwater Crabs ◽  
Mtdna Sequence

A recent sampling endeavour of freshwater crabs along the high-lying streams of the Nyanga mountain range in Mutare (Eastern Highlands, Zimbabwe) yielded a morphologically distinct, as yet undescribed species. The novel Zimbabwean species is compared to the 16 described species from southern Africa based on mtDNA sequence data derived from three partial gene sequences (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and COI). The new Zimbabwean species was found to be a sister taxon to Potamonautes mulanjeensis. These two species are morphologically and genetically easily differentiated. The new species is described as Potamonautes mutareensis, sp. nov. and is compared morphologically to the known freshwater crab species of southern Africa. A dichotomous key to the four described freshwater crab species that occur in Zimbabwe is also provided. Our results suggest that species diversity and endemism of freshwater decapods and other habitat specialists is likely to be high in unsampled mountainous regions.

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