scholarly journals The landfill biocell as an ecofilter for recycling of bio-energy and nutrients from residual wastes

2019 ◽  
pp. 335-345
Author(s):  
Torleif Bramryd ◽  
Michael Binder
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
High Moisture Level ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Anaerobic fermentation in landfill reactorcells is a biological waste treatment technique where both energy and nutrients can be recovered. The landfill reactorcell ("biocell") serves as an ecological filter, where energy is extracted as biogas while nutrients are recovered through the leachates and can be used as fertilizer in e.g. energy forests, and thus brought back to an ecological cycling. At the same time anaerobic conditions result in an effective immobilization of heavy metals and other pollutants e.g. as insoluble metal sulphides, which are immobilized in the fermentation rest. The long-lived fraction, remaining after the fermentation process has declined, containing a high content of lignin, serves as a water-holding matrix, which helps to enforce a sustainable high moisture level, and thus sustainable anaerobic conditions with heavy metals retained on a longterm bases. Also non-degradable products, like plastics, help to shield off oxygen and maintain reliable anaerobic conditions. Landfilling of organic matter is a measure to counteract the increasing concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere, resulting from different human activities. Landfilling at anaerobic conditions means that a small fraction of the organic matter is long-term accumulated in the landfill. Accordingly landfills have similar carbon accumulating effects as natural peatlands and lake or sea sediments. With low investment costs it is possible to convert traditional landfills to well controlled biological treatment facilities. Thus the technique can be performed both in large and small scale, avoiding energy demanding road transportation.

Methane in Recent Sediments of the Labrador Shelf

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1427-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavs Vilks ◽  
Mohammad A. Rashid ◽  
Willem J. M. Van Der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Pleistocene Glaciation ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Piston Core ◽  
Subsurface Sediments ◽  
Recent Sediments ◽  
Paleozoic Rocks

Methane was found in Recent sediments of two basins on the Labrador continental shelf. These basins are carved in what are believed to be Tertiary and Mesozoic strata resting on Precambrian and possibly Paleozoic rocks. Geochemical and foraminiferal analyses of sediments from one piston core indicate that the gas is a product of anaerobic fermentation of organic matter. Mildly anaerobic conditions existed in subsurface sediments, which were deposited under marine conditions shortly after the retreat of the last Pleistocene glaciation.

scholarly journals Economic and Environmental Analysis of Small-Scale Anaerobic Digestion Plants on Irish Dairy Farms

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean O’Connor ◽  
Ehiaze Ehimen ◽  
Suresh C. Pillai ◽  
Gary Lyons ◽  
John Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Treatment Facilities

The European Union’s (EU) climate and energy package requires all EU countries to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 20% by 2020. Based on current trends, Ireland is on track to miss this target with a projected reduction of only 5% to 6%. The agriculture sector has consistently been the single largest contributor to Irish GHG emissions, representing 33% of all emissions in 2017. Small-scale anaerobic digestion (SSAD) holds promise as an attractive technology for the treatment of livestock manure and the organic fraction of municipal wastes, especially in low population communities or standalone waste treatment facilities. This study assesses the viability of SSAD in Ireland, by modelling the technical, economic, and environmental considerations of operating such plants on commercial Irish dairy farms. The study examines the integration of SSAD on dairy farms with various herd sizes ranging from 50 to 250 dairy cows, with co-digestion afforded by grass grown on available land. Results demonstrate feedstock quantities available on-farm to be sufficient to meet the farm’s energy needs with surplus energy exported, representing between 73% and 79% of the total energy generated. All scenarios investigated demonstrate a net CO2 reduction ranging between 2059–173,237 kg CO2-eq. yr−1. The study found SSAD systems to be profitable within the plant’s lifespan on farms with dairy herds sizes of >100 cows (with payback periods of 8–13 years). The simulated introduction of capital subvention grants similar to other EU countries was seen to significantly lower the plant payback periods. The insights generated from this study show SSAD to be an economically sustainable method for the mitigation of GHG emissions in the Irish agriculture sector.

scholarly journals WILLINGNESS TO PAY WARUNG MAKAN TERHADAP TPS 3R DI DESA BABAKAN KABUPATEN BOGOR

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Manacika Manupada ◽  
Ahyar Ismail ◽  
Meti Ekayani
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Implementation Planning ◽  
Solid Waste Treatment ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Restaurant Owners

Babakan is one of administrative villages in Bogor Regency where Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) is located. IPB has given social and economic impacts in Babakan that many small-scalled business developed and small-scalled restaurant has the most participators. These small-scale restaurants generate waste everyday and the waste is still managed with end of pipe practice where waste was hauled from collection point to disposal site without any intermediate treatment. Community based waste management with 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) approach should be proposed to reduce waste at source. 3R Solid Waste Treatment Facilities (TPS 3R) is a facility that focused on reducing, reusing, and recycling waste at source comunally involved active roles from community and goverment. The objectives of this study are (1) Examining level of participation of small-scale restaurant owners if TPS 3R is built and implemented in Babakan. (2) Estimating Willingness to Pay (WTP) of small-scale restaurans owners to TPS 3R implementation planning. The results showed most of small-scale restaurant owners are willing to participate in both sorting waste at source and paying TPS 3R service if TPS 3R is being implemented in Babakan. Average WTP values for TPS 3R is Rp 32,037.04/month and it’s higher than existing rate of waste collection service, which shows small-scale restaurant owners have preference for TPS 3R. Keywords: small-scaled restaurants; TPS 3R; waste management; willingness to pay

Opportunities for holistic waste stream valorization from food waste treatment facilities: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulmoseen Segun Giwa ◽  
Nasir Ali ◽  
Mohammadtaghi Vakili ◽  
Xiaogang Guo ◽  
Dongsheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Conceptual Information ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Energy Products

AbstractDifficult-to-biodegrade fractions (DBFs) generated from the biological treatment of food waste (FW) account for approximately 30% of the actual waste. These wastes are difficult to degrade or are considered indigestible residues of the aerobic and anaerobic fermentation treatment of FW treatment facilities. The currently applied disposal routes for DBFs exert environmental pressure and underutilize waste as resources. Therefore, these challenges must be overcome. An innovative strategy for the enhancement of the energy value and beneficial products from FW and the associated DBFs is proposed in this review. We propose conceptual future optimization routes for FW and DBFs via three types of technology integration. Pyrolysis techniques thoroughly treat DBFs to produce various value-added bio-energy products, such as pyrogenic bio-char, syngas, and bio-oil. Anaerobic digestion treats FW while utilizing pyrolysis products for robust performance enhancement and bio-methane upgrade. This holistic route offers conceptual information and proper direction as crucial knowledge for real application to harness the inherent resources of waste streams generated from FW treatment facilities.

Research on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses of Natural Composting Manure in the Northern Region of Erhai Lake

2010 ◽  
Vol 160-162 ◽  
pp. 585-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Huang ◽  
Guang Fei Qu ◽  
Ping Ning ◽  
Hua Ping Gao ◽  
Li Juan Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Erhai Lake ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Solid Waste Treatment ◽  
Treatment Facilities

In recent years, the trend of eutrophication appeared in Erhai and the phenomena of small-scale algae outbreak has already happened. Erhai Lake pollution caused by many reasons.As an important factor of Erhai lake eutrophication, superabundant manure stacking at random in rural areas of Erhai Lake Basin and transference of the manure nitrogen and phosphorus into waterbody have attracted much attention of environmental researchers eutrophication of Erhai lake. The nitrogen and phosphorus contentes of livestock manure in the process of naturally composting were mensurated and the transference characteristics of the manure nitrogen and phosphorus were analysed. As a result, the regular pattern and loss type of livestock manure were advanced and advices about developing solid waste treatment facilities were brought forword.

scholarly journals Sorption of Heavy Metal Ions (Cu2+ and Cd2+) From Simulated and Industrial Wastewaters Using Sugarcane Biomass

2017 ◽  
pp. 285-294
Author(s):  
B.O. Opeolu, ◽  
O.S. Fatoki
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Synthetic Resin ◽  
Wastewater Remediation

The widespread use of heavy metals in different manufacturing processes has resulted in their presence in the air, soil and aquatic ecosystems. Many manufacturing processes release their effluents into nearby streams and rivers due to non-availability of waste treatment technologies in the developing world. Industrialization has therefore been reported to be a major anthropogenic source of these elements and their compounds waterbodies. Conventional methods that are currently being used in the developed world (such as chemical precipitation, ultra-filtration, reverse osmosis, etc) are expensive and so, unaffordable to small-scale businesses prevalent in developing economies. The need for alternative, cheaper and available technologies therefore, cannot be over-emphasized. This study attempted to remove heavy metals (Cu2+ and Cd2+) from simulated and industrial (paint and textile) wastewaters using sugarcane biomass. A synthetic resin (Chelex) was used as control. Batch sorption experiments were conducted to assess the influence of contact time, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration, pH, agitation speed, temperature and particle size. Increases in the parameters (except particle size) gave corresponding increases in percentage adsorption of both metals. Optimal temperature for adsorption was achieved at 50oC above which adsorption declined considerably. Experimental data for Cu2+ and Cd2+ fitted well into freundlich and langmuir isotherms. In textile effluent, 100% adsorption was achieved for both metals using sugarcane biomass in contrast to 89% and 91% for Cu2+ and Cd2+ respectively in chelex, a synthetic resin. Similarly, adsorption was 100% for both metals using the biosorbent. Sugarcane biomass may therefore be utilized for water and wastewater remediation in the developing world. Its biodegradability gives comparative advantage over alternative synthetic and expensive resins since its disposal will be more environmentally friendly.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS OF THE SILT SLUDGE UTILIZATION ISSUES AT WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES OF NUR-SULTAN CITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (443) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Yermekov M.T., ◽  
◽  
Rozhkova O.V., ◽  
Tolysbayev Ye.T., ◽  
Zhakipbekov Zh.N., ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Effective management of wastewater sludge is currently one of the most pressing environmental problems in Nur-Sultan city, which becomes more acute year by year and requires immediate solution. Wastewater sludge is almost completely stored at the treatment facilities, which turns them into a source area of bacteriological and toxicological hazard. For this reason, the most urgent problem now is the development of new sustainable and zero waste technologies that can effectively expedite the reduction of silt sludge and lead to a significant decrease in their final volume. This article analyzes various methods of sludge disposal. It is shown that of all possible technology options with admissible environmental impact and the best economic indicators, the most acceptable is the method of thermo-catalytic oxidation of wastewater sludge in a semi fluidized bed of the catalyst, the use of which can fundamentally change the situation with the sludge disposal. Also, the article studied the composition and carried out measurements of silt sludge contamination with heavy metals and oil products at wastewater treatment plants of Nur-Sultan city. It is pointed out that the LOC for the TPH-in-soil is 1.5 g/kg, from which it can be concluded that there is a significant excess in the wastewater sludge for this indicator, and studies for the heavy metals presence in the wastewater sludge showed that sediments can have a toxic effect and are classified as 4 class of hazard.

Removal of Residual Nutrients and Chemical Additives From Secondary Sewage by Reverse osmosis

1975 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
H. Kirk Johnston ◽  
H.S. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Iron Chloride ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Membranes ◽  
Municipal Wastewaters ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Abstract The suitability of reverse osmosis as a renovation technique for the treatment of municipal wastewaters has been assessed. Cellulose acetate membranes capable of 70% and 90% NaCl rejections were employed in both laboratory and pilot plant studies to evaluate the efficiency of this technique in removing the residual precipitant chemicals generally employed in phosphorus removal programs (iron chloride, alum, and lime) and the nutrients (phosphates, nitrates and ammonia) characteristic of municipal wastewaters. Secondary sewage and raw sewage as well as prepared nutrient solutions were employed in the course of this program. Both laboratory and pilot plant studies indicated consistently outstanding removal efficiencies for the species examined, almost independent of the nature of the waste solutions being treated. Permeation of the purified effluent was subject to significant reductions due to membrane fouling. This characteristic was most pronounced for the more permeable (less selective) membranes. Routine chemical and physical cleanings enable satisfactory flux levels to be maintained, thereby suggesting that reverse osmosis may become a viable municipal waste treatment technique.

The impact of urban effluents on the coastal marine environment of Mediterranean islands

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O. Angelidis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Suspended Particle ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Coastal Marine Environment ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The impact of the urban effluents of Mytilene (Lesvos island, Greece) on the receiving coastal marine environment, was evaluated by studying the quality of the city effluents (BOD5, COD, SS, heavy metals) and the marine sediments (grain size, organic matter, heavy metals). It was found that the urban effluents of Mytilene contain high organic matter and suspended particle load because of septage discharge into the sewerage network. Furthermore, although the city does not host important industrial activity, its effluents contain appreciable metal load, which is mainly associated with the particulate phase. The city effluents are discharged into the coastal marine environment and their colloidal and particulate matter after flocculation settles to the bottom, where is incorporated into the sediments. Over the years, the accumulation of organic matter and metals into the harbour mud has created a non-point pollution source in the relatively non-polluted coastal marine environment of the island. Copper and Zn were the metals which presented the higher enrichment in the sediments of the inner harbour of Mytilene.

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