scholarly journals Assessment methodology for volatile organic compounds from leachate treatment and other waste handling activities

2019 ◽  
pp. 291-294
Author(s):  
Lennart Mårtensson ◽  
Lars Thörneby ◽  
Staffan Bergström ◽  
Diauddin Nammari ◽  
Lennart Mathiasson
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Glycol Ethers ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Treatment Procedures

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are typically defined as those predominantly presentin the vapour phase in air at ambient temperature, They range in volatility from methaneto n-e 16 above and include all chemical groups - alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters,glycol ethers, halogens and hydrocarbons, Many of the voes are produced and emittedwhen organic matter decomposes from microbiological activity, A great number ofvolatile compounds been identified in the air in the vicinity of landfills, voes emittedfrom landfills pose as health concern and odour annoyance for the neighbourhood, Highconcentrations of voes have also been identified in the working environments at wastehandling facilities, Emissions of volatile organics from leachate, and how the treatmentsystem affects the fate of the voes have been reported, A variety of different samplingstrategies and sampling media can be used to address different monitoring requirements,including adsorption tubes and impingers with a suitable absorption solution, Finalanalysis of voes can be performed with a combination of thermodesorption ofadsorption tubes and Ge-MS, Model studies of the emission of voes from the watersurface, at the actual site in ponds or in the laboratory, can be performed in order tofacilitate budget calculations using a special designed hood, Results from analysis ofleachate before and after treatment procedures, using purge and trap methodology, showshow some identified voes such as for example benzene, toluene, xylen and trimethylbenzene are to some extent removed from the liquid,

scholarly journals Species and characteristics of volatile organic compounds emitted from an auto-repair painting workshop

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Song ◽  
H. Chun
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Butyl Acetate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adsorption Systems

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) are secondary pollutant precursors having adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Although VOC emissions, their sources, and impacts have been investigated, the focus has been on large-scale industrial sources or indoor environments; studies on relatively small-scale enterprises (e.g., auto-repair workshops) are lacking. Here, we performed field VOC measurements for an auto-repair painting facility in Korea and analyzed the characteristics of VOCs emitted from the main painting workshop (top coat). The total VOC concentration was 5069–8058 ppb, and 24–35 species were detected. The VOCs were mainly identified as butyl acetate, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene compounds. VOC characteristics differed depending on the paint type. Butyl acetate had the highest concentration in both water- and oil-based paints; however, its concentration and proportion were higher in the former (3256 ppb, 65.5%) than in the latter (2449 ppb, 31.1%). Comparing VOC concentration before and after passing through adsorption systems, concentrations of most VOCs were lower at the outlets than the inlets of the adsorption systems, but were found to be high at the outlets in some workshops. These results provide a theoretical basis for developing effective VOC control systems and managing VOC emissions from auto-repair painting workshops.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Health Effects of Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds—A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle L. Alford ◽  
Naresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Income ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Volatile Organic

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are commonly found in consumer products, including furniture, sealants and paints. Thus, indoor VOCs have become a public health concern, especially in high-income countries (HICs), where people spend most of their time indoors, and indoor and outdoor air exchange is minimal due to a lack of ventilation. VOCs produce high levels of reaction with the airway epithelium and mucosa membrane and is linked with pulmonary diseases. This paper takes a stock of the literature to assess the strength of association (measured by effect size) between VOCs and pulmonary diseases with the focus on asthma and its related symptoms by conducting a meta-analysis. The literature was searched using the PubMed database. A total of 49 studies that measured VOCs or VOC types and pulmonary health outcomes were included in the analysis. The results of these studies were tabulated, and standard effect size of each study was computed. Most studies were conducted in high-income countries, including France (n = 7), Japan (n = 7) and the United States (n = 6). Our analysis suggests that VOCs have a medium-sized effect on pulmonary diseases, including the onset of asthma (effect size (or Cohen’s d) ~0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.25–0.49; n = 23) and wheezing (effective size ~0.26; 95% CI = 0.10–0.42; n = 10). The effect size also varied by country, age and disease type. Multiple stakeholders must be engaged in strategies to mitigate and manage VOC exposure and its associated pulmonary disease burden.

scholarly journals Exposure Studies of Different Kinds of Volatile Organic Compounds in Vapour Phase with a Narrow-gap Cell Containing CuxS Modified Carbon Microdisc Electrode

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Modified Electrode ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Narrow Gap ◽  
Current Increase ◽  
Interelectrode Gap ◽  
Volatile Organic

In this article, the feasibility of the CuxS modified carbon microdisc electrode was examined by exposure to four different volatile organic compounds (2-propanol, acetic acid, ethyl acetate and n-butylamine) directly in their vapour phase using cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. The performance of the modified microdisc was compared with the bare carbon microdisc (30 μm in diameter) which was involved in a narrow-gap cell. By using both methods high current increase was observed for 2-propanol with the modified electrode and its sensitivity was sufficiently higher than with the bare electrode. The modified electrode showed lower current signals in case of acetic acid and n-butylamine. The latter formed a condensation layer at the interelectrode gap. Neither the bare nor the modified electrode was sensitive to ethyl acetate.

scholarly journals Characteristics of marine shipping emissions at berth: profiles for particulate matter and volatile organic compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 9527-9545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Xiao ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Mingliang Fu ◽  
Fanyuan Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Emissions from ships at berth play an important role regarding the exposure of high density human populations to atmospheric pollutants in port areas; however, these emissions are not well understood. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particle emissions from 20 container ships at berth were sampled and analyzed during the “fuel switch” period at Jingtang Port in Hebei Province, China. VOCs and particles were analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS), respectively. VOC analysis showed that alkanes and aromatics, especially benzene, toluene and heavier compounds e.g., n-heptane, n-octane and n-nonane, dominated the total identified species. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields and ozone (O3) forming potential were 0.017 ± 0.007 g SOA g−1 VOCs and 2.63 ± 0.37 g O3 g−1 VOCs, respectively. Both positive and negative ion mass spectra from individual ships were derived and the intensity of specific ions were quantified. Results showed that elemental carbon (35.74 %), elemental carbon–organic carbon mixtures (33.95 %) and Na-rich particles (21.12 %) were major classes, comprising 90.7 % of the particles observed. Particles from ship auxiliary engines were in the 0.2 to 2.5 µm size range, with a peak occurring at around 0.4 µm. The issue of using vanadium (V) as tracer element was examined, and it was found that V was not a proper tracer of ship emissions when using low sulfur content diesel oil. The average percentage of sulfate particles observed in shipping emissions before and after switching to marine diesel oil remained unchanged at 24 %. Under certain wind conditions, when berths were upwind of emission sources, the ratios before and after 1 January were 35 and 27 % respectively. The impact of atmospheric stability was discussed based on PM2.5 and primary pollutant (carbon monoxide) concentration. With a background of frequent haze episodes and complex mechanisms of particulate accumulation and secondary formation, the impact of atmospheric stability is believed to have been weak on the sulfate contribution from shipping emissions. The results from this study provide robust support for port area air quality assessment and source apportionment.

scholarly journals Seasonal and Spatial Variation of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air of Almaty City, Kazakhstan

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1592
Author(s):  
Olga P. Ibragimova ◽  
Anara Omarova ◽  
Bauyrzhan Bukenov ◽  
Aray Zhakupbekova ◽  
Nassiba Baimatova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Seasonal And Spatial Variations ◽  
Before And After

Air pollution is one of the primary sources of risk to human health in the world. In this study, seasonal and spatial variations of multiple volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured at six sampling sites in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The seasonal and spatial variations of 19 VOCs were evaluated in 2020, including the periods before and after COVID-19 lockdown. The concentrations of 9 out of 19 VOCs had been changed significantly (p < 0.01) during 2020. The maximum concentrations of total VOCs (TVOCs) were observed on 15, 17, and 19 January and ranged from 233 to 420 µg m−3. The spatial distribution of TVOCs concentrations in the air during sampling seasons correlated with the elevation and increased from southern to northern part of Almaty, where Combined Heat and Power Plants are located. The sources of air pollution by VOCs were studied by correlations analysis and BTEX ratios. The ranges of toluene to benzene ratio and benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene demonstrated two primary sources of BTEX in 2020: traffic emissions and biomass/biofuel/coal burning. Most of m-, p-xylenes to ethylbenzene ratios in this study were lower than 3 in all sampling periods, evidencing the presence of aged air masses at studied sampling sites from remote sources.

scholarly journals Integrating Personal Air Sensor and GPS to Determine Microenvironment-Specific Exposures to Volatile Organic Compounds

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5659
Author(s):  
Michael S. Breen ◽  
Vlad Isakov ◽  
Steven Prince ◽  
Kennedy McGuinness ◽  
Peter P. Egeghy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Volatile Organic

Personal exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from indoor sources including consumer products is an understudied public health concern. To develop and evaluate methods for monitoring personal VOC exposures, we performed a pilot study and examined time-resolved sensor-based measurements of geocoded total VOC (TVOC) exposures across individuals and microenvironments (MEs). We integrated continuous (1 min) data from a personal TVOC sensor and a global positioning system (GPS) logger, with a GPS-based ME classification model, to determine TVOC exposures in four MEs, including indoors at home (Home-In), indoors at other buildings (Other-In), inside vehicles (In-Vehicle), and outdoors (Out), across 45 participant-days for five participants. To help identify places with large emission sources, we identified high-exposure events (HEEs; TVOC > 500 ppb) using geocoded TVOC time-course data overlaid on Google Earth maps. Across the 45 participant-days, the MEs ranked from highest to lowest median TVOC were: Home-In (165 ppb), Other-In (86 ppb), In-Vehicle (52 ppb), and Out (46 ppb). For the two participants living in single-family houses with attached garages, the median exposures for Home-In were substantially higher (209, 416 ppb) than the three participant homes without attached garages: one living in a single-family house (129 ppb), and two living in apartments (38, 60 ppb). The daily average Home-In exposures exceeded the estimated Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) building guideline of 108 ppb for 60% of the participant-days. We identified 94 HEEs across all participant-days, and 67% of the corresponding peak levels exceeded 1000 ppb. The MEs ranked from the highest to the lowest number of HEEs were: Home-In (60), Other-In (13), In-Vehicle (12), and Out (9). For Other-In and Out, most HEEs occurred indoors at fast food restaurants and retail stores, and outdoors in parking lots, respectively. For Home-In HEEs, the median TVOC emission and removal rates were 5.4 g h−1 and 1.1 h−1, respectively. Our study demonstrates the ability to determine individual sensor-based time-resolved TVOC exposures in different MEs, in support of identifying potential sources and exposure factors that can inform exposure mitigation strategies.

Use of post-consumer carpet products during landfill management of solid wastes

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 429-436
Author(s):  
F. G. Pohland ◽  
P. Rachdawong
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Landfills ◽  
Landfill Management

This report focuses on the potential for using waste carpets as part of cover and liner systems at municipal solid waste landfills. Five different carpet materials were tested for their characteristics before and after incorporation with solid wastes in simulated landfill bioreactors. Selected analyses are presented on heavy metals and volatile organic compounds from TCLP extracts, and on leachate and gas samples during operation with and without leachate recycle. Biological clogging tests indicated no alteration in carpet integrity o2r significant reduction in permeability. Solid waste stabilization, indicated by gas and leachate parameters, proceeded without adverse impact from the codisposed carpets. Volatile organic compounds and heavy metals were present in trace amounts and below regulatory limits. These results supported post-consumer use of carpets as filter and separation layers for municipal solid waste landfill cover and liner systems.

Tastes and volatiles of tropical-type sweet potatoes

1969 ◽  
Vol 96 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
José A. Dumas ◽  
Carlos E. Ortiz ◽  
Sheila Soler
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After

For fresh market sweet potato [Ipomea batatas (L.) Lam] quality is defined in terms of attractiveness, sweetness, texture, and flavor composed of taste and odor after cooking. There is a scarcity of information regarding taste and volátiles of tropical type sweet potatoes. The first objective of this research was to provide a robust set of data for carbohydrate type and levels, alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) from six cultivars of sweet potato, data which will allow us to have a quantitative selection tool besides crop yield, tuber size and appearance. The second objective was to relate VOC differences among sweet potato cultivars that can be attributed to chemical and physical differences of the pulp before and after cooking. A three- harvest study was conducted to identify and determine major carbohydrate content, AIS, starch granule diameter and form, and tastes and odors of six cultivars of sweet potato, which were very sweet ('Gem'), sweet ('Miguela' and Travis'), moderately sweet ('Viola' and 'Martina') and non-sweet ('Ninety- nine'). The average AIS contents were 81, 77, 79, 85, 66, and 76% for 'Martina', 'Miguela', 'Ninety-nine', 'Viola', 'Gem' and 'Travis', respectively. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) indicated that the average starch granule diameters were 12.9, 15.3, 16.9 and 25.2 |jm for 'Martina', 'Miguela', 'Ninety-nine' and 'Viola', respectively. In addition, all of the sweet potato starch granules had both spherical and polygonal granules. The cultivars with greatest change in AIS and maltose content (raw vs. baked) were 'Gem', the sweetest, and 'Travis'. Correlation between sucrose index (SI) and AIS for baked samples was 0.956; for AIS and sweetness, correlation was -0.823. A similar correlation between the AIS and maltose was obtained for the data from the three harvests (-0.8493). Fifty volatile organic compounds of baked sweet potatoes were trapped in cold methylene chloride. The predominant volátiles were hexanal, 3-pente-2-ol, and isoledene. Other sweet aromas detected were 2,4-decadienal, 2-pentyl furan, benzaldehyde, 4-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-pentanone, and benzene acetaldehyde. The great differences in relative concentrations of volátiles among cultivars seem to be related to the synthesis of maltose and the content of AIS.

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