scholarly journals Identification and Assessment of Country Risks for the Development of Convergent Technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Marina Buyanova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Production Economic

The speed of emergence and development of new technologies is so high that it becomes more and more difficult to predict their impact on economy and society. At the same time, new technologies do not develop in isolation; they interact and actively influence each other, generating synergistic effects, which actualizes the need for scientific knowledge of the consequences, as well as the conditions and factors for the emergence of risks and methods of managing them. The aim of the work is to substantiate a theoretical and methodological approach to identifying and assessing the risks of the development of convergent technologies and their consequences in life. The research is based on the methodology of dialectical, system and evolutionary and institutional approaches to the study of the risks of the development of social and economic systems, the theory of factors of production, economic development, and the economic mechanism. This paper examines the conditions and social and economic prerequisites for the new industrial revolution in Russia, as well as the risks that arise in this process. The author carries out the analysis of constructive and destructive economic and social consequences of NBIC technologies rapidly developing in all countries of the world. In conclusion, the author proposes priority directions of the regulation of social and economic processes in the country, ensuring competitive, sustainable and safe development.

Problems of development of Arctic hydrocarbon resources under the current conditions.

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Anna Borisovna Nikolaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The World ◽  
The Arctic Region

The Arctic is the richest and at the same time the most difficult region to develop in the world. Exploration and exploitation of its deposits are inevitable for Russia and mankind as a whole. The Arctic region is characterized by extreme nature-climatic conditions, with a rather low level of economic development and remoteness from industrial centers, a low level or lack of any infrastructure as well as by instability of the ecological system to anthropogenic impact and a long recovery period. Since the potential of the resources currently being developed will be exhausted within several decades, and the world economies are not yet ready for a full transition to alternative energy resources, it is necessary to search for and develop new hydrocarbon reserves that determines the relevance of the study.The aim of the study is to identify the main problems arising when exploiting hydrocarbons in the Arctic region. The set of problems identified predetermines an integrated approach to their solutions. In this case, it is about reforming legislation, increasing funding, and attracting new participants in the international cooperation. Since the export of oil and gas is traditional for the Russian Federation, exploitation of hydrocarbons in the region is a prerequisite for the further economic development of the country. A state policy aimed at development and improvement of new technologies, reducing environmental risks, and deep scientific research of the Arctic, is needed. The method of expert assessment was used, which is applied for solving complex tasks with lack of information, and impossibility of mathematical formalization of the solution process. The basis for the application of this method is the possibility and ability of experts to assess the importance of the problem under study and development prospects for a certain research direction. The expert assessments were highlighted during the study and analysis of the literature.

The Societal Impact of World Wide Web - Key Challenges for the 21st Century

2011 ◽  
pp. 88-106
Author(s):  
Janice M. Burn ◽  
Karen D. Loch
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Definite Effect ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Way

Many lessons from history offer strong evidence that technology can have a definite effect on the social and political aspects of human life. At times it is difficult to grasp how supposedly neutral technology might lead to social upheavals, mass migrations of people, and shifts in wealth and power. Yet a quick retrospective look at the last few centuries finds that various technologies have done just that, challenging the notion of the neutrality of technology. Some examples include the printing press, railways, and the telephone. The effects of these technologies usually begin in our minds by changing the way we view time and space. Railways made the world seem smaller by enabling us to send goods, people, and information to many parts of the world in a fraction of the time it took before. Telephones changed the way we think about both time and distance, enabling us to stay connected without needing to be physically displaced. While new technologies create new opportunities for certain individuals or groups to gain wealth, there are other economic implications with a wider ranging impact, political and social. Eventually, as the technology matures, social upheavals, mass migrations and shifts in economic and political power can be observed. We find concrete examples of this dynamic phenomenon during the Reformation, the industrial revolution, and more recently, as we witness the ongoing information technology revolution.

The Digital Evolution

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 906-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig R. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Digital Evolution ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Materials Research

AbstractThe following article is an edited transcript based on the plenary address given by Craig R. Barrett, chair of the board of Intel Corp., on April 19, 2006, at the 2006 Materials Research Society Spring Meeting in San Francisco. Since before the industrial revolution, technology has changed lives, opportunities, and economies. Similarly, the digital evolution has touched nearly every aspect of modern life and is reshaping economies around the world. As more and more of the world's people engage in the digital economy, both competition and opportunities will grow. Competitiveness in the global economy will be determined by how people and nations position themselves in the digital evolution. What lies ahead for us in the next 10 years? What new technologies will alter the technology landscape? What are the opportunities going forward, and how do we prepare? How can materials research and development help us to move forward faster?

scholarly journals World Geopolitical Competition in the Context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-351
Author(s):  
Konstantin V. Blokhin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The World

Article analyzes predictive estimates and concepts presented by the Western intellectual community, regarding prospects for development of new trends in the global economy, caused by the fourth industrial revolution. Author draws on a variety of sources, including reports from US think tanks, works by representatives of global financial and technocratic elite, and works by American intellectuals. Methodological basis of the study is a theory of the world system of I. Wallerstein, which allows to identify dynamic and conflicting lines of interaction between two geopolitical centers of the world - the United States and China. Based on an analysis of current trends, modern experts predict revolutionary changes in modern technologies that can decisively affect socio-political stability, not only in Western countries, but in developing countries as well. Author shows that the new technological structure is changing not only sector structure of the economy, but also has a strong impact on employment. According to American analysts, new technologies can destabilize socio-political stability in any country, especially in countries where cheap labor is a traditional tool. Robotization and automation of production can become a competitive advantage of the United States and Western countries in competition with China. Article notes that Russia is only at the very beginning of technological revolution, behind big five leading countries. Overcoming its lag in the field of AI and robotics requires adoption of comprehensive measures of economic, scientific and political nature. Ignoring realities of technological progress is fraught with increase in threats to national security.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Development of the Southern Russia Regions in the Industry 4.0: Achievements, Problems, Priorities

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-109
Author(s):  
Elena Inshakova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Federal District ◽  
World Intellectual Property Organization ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Communications

The article provides the comparative analysis of the current positions of the regional economic systems of the Southern Federal District (SFD) under the first phase of the fourth industrial revolution in Russia in the following key aspects: socio-economic situation, level of scientific, technological and innovative development, and digital transformation. The broad empirical basis of the study involves the reports of the European Commission, the World Economic Forum, the International Institute for Management Development, the World Intellectual Property Organization, official data from the Rosstat, the Ministry of Economic Development, the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation, the specialized studies of Russian and foreign analytical companies, research divisions of the Higher School of Economics, the Moscow School of Management Skolkovo, the Leontief Center - AV Group Consortium, specialized associations, public organizations, which are summarized in the ranking tables with their subsequent analytical interpretation. The research concluded that, in line with the global trends, achieving high competitiveness by the SFD leading regions and keeping their advanced socio-economic position is supported by their advanced scientific, technological and innovative development, high level of digitalization in all spheres of life, broad application of information and communication technologies by households and organizations, and development of digital skills. In this regard, the author substantiates the necessity of forming a complementary system of human, material and natural, technical and technological, institutional, organizational and informational factors in all the SFD regions to provide the regional economy development in the context of the Industry 4.0 priorities.

scholarly journals New Technologies Adoption and Diffusion Patterns in Developing Countries. An Empirical Study for the Period 2000-2011

Equilibrium ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Lechman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication

In recent years, enormous changes are noted worldwide during broad  adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). These unique  technologies – often perceived as economic development incentives – have a great  ability to spread at high pace and low cost in countries all over the world, bringing  people opportunities to contribute to economic development and growth. New Technologies  play a special role in developing countries, where their in-country adoption  lies in the centre of development strategies. ICT are treated as tools which bring  people access to information, education and knowledge, offering unlimited possibilities  for wealth-creation.  The paper, purely empirical in nature, reports on the pace of adoption of new Information  and Communication Technologies in developing countries, and – additionally  – investigates country-specific ICT diffusion patterns. We expect to uncover  the S-shape curve in the diffusion process in most of developing countries, as well as  in the whole country sample.  For the analysis purposes, we apply all counties which – according to the World  Bank nomenclature – are classified as low-income and lower-middle-income econ-  omies. Our sample covers 46 countries (upper-middle-income and high-income  economies are excluded from the study purposefully) which are classified as developing  economies. The time framework is set for the period of 2000-2011. All data  necessary for the analysis are derived from World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators  Database 2012 (16th edition).

Human Capital Formation for the Fourth Industrial Revolution

2020 ◽  
pp. 205-228
Author(s):  
Paul Adjei Onyina
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Capital Development

This chapter focuses on the drivers of human capital development in the fourth industrial revolution by examining the role of women. It discusses the role of women in economic development since 570BC. Women are ignored in most important areas in society whereas men are found at the frontline. However, available empirical analyses suggest that when women are empowered, they are able to turn the tables in their favour. The chapter outlines development role played by selected women across time and uses data from studies to show poor representation of women on international bodies and parliamentary seats. Selected women that have led and continue to lead various countries all over the world are presented. This chapter argues that women are important stakeholders in economic freedom. The chapter suggests encouraging society and men in particular to help women become front line participants in the human capital development for the fourth industrial revolution.

Knowledge, Values, and Technological Decisions: A Decision Theoretic Approach

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald N. Giere
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Statistical Knowledge ◽  
Decision Theoretic Approach ◽  
The Social

Before World War II, most decisions involving the introduction of new technologies were made primarily by individuals or corporations, with only minimal interference from government, usually in the form of regulations. Since the war, however, the increased complexity of modern technologies and their impact on society as a whole have tended to force the focus of decision making toward the federal government, although this power is still usually exercised in the form of regulation rather than outright control. Given the huge social consequences of many such decisions, it seems proper that the decision-making process be moved further into the public arena. Yet one may wonder whether the society has the resources and mechanisms for dealing with these issues. Thus, the nature of such controversies, and the possible means for their resolution, has itself become an object of intense interest. One may approach this subject from at least as many directions as there are academic specialties. Many approaches are primarily empirical in that they attempt to determine the social and political mechanisms that are currently operative in the generation and resolution of controversies over new technologies (Nelkin 1979). Such studies usually do not attempt to determine whether the social mechanisms actually operating are effective mechanisms in the sense that they tend to produce decisions that in fact result in the originally desired out comes. The approach of this chapter is much more theoretical. It begins with a standard model of decision making and then analyzes the nature of technological decisions in terms of the postulated model. The advantage of such an approach is that it provides a clear and simple framework for both analyzing a controversy and judging its outcome. The disadvantage is that it tells us little about the actual social and political processes in the decision. Eventually we would like an account that incorporates both theoretical and empirical viewpoints. Regarding the proposed model, there are several ingredients in any decision. This chapter concentrates on one of these ingredients: scientific knowledge, particularly statistical knowledge of the type associated with studies of low-level environmental hazards. There is no presumption, however, that statistical knowledge, or scientific knowledge generally, is the most important ingredient in any decision.

Africa—The Time of Choice

1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
V. C. Vigand
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
The World ◽  
Objective Fact ◽  
The Many ◽  
First Time ◽  
Means Of Production

The great achievements of the liberation movement in Africa in the late 1950s and early 1960s led to the winning of political independence by the majority of African countries. For the first time in their history they were able to determine for themselves their path to economic development. This happened at a period when the world was split into two socio-economic systems: socialism and capitalism. The broad distinction between them may be defined by the objective fact of the ownership of the means of production: a socialist society has decided to take in its hands all capital goods and to govern collectively the economic development of the country; a capitalist society still sticks to the principle of private ownership, thinking that individual interests may guarantee the prosperity of the whole society, but forgetting that only the socialisation of the means of production can stop the exploitation of the many by the few.

scholarly journals Strategic Prospects for the Development of the Tourist Services Market in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Khrystyna Pletsan
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
World Market ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Stable Growth ◽  
Strategic Management Process ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The article analyzes the theoretical foundations and features of the strategic development of the tourist services market in Ukraine. The concept of the tourist services market is comprehended and revealed. The methodological approach of strategic development of the tourist services market in Ukraine and the specifics of recovery after the coronavirus pandemic are highlighted. The priority tasks of the tourism industry development in Ukraine are presented and argued. The model of the strategic management process in tourism for a tourist enterprise is generalized. The algorithm of development of the competitiveness extension project of the tourist services market in Ukraine has been elaborated and substantiated. The conclusion is substantiated that in order to ensure a stable growth rate of the tourism industry, it is necessary to identify priority types of tourism for the regions, contribute to improving the safety of tourists, develop tourism infrastructure and transport links, simplify formalities, create and sell tourism products and services that are in demand on the world market, develop and rapidly introduce new technologies using digital tools.

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