scholarly journals Paleopathology of Skulls from Golden Horde Settlement Shareny Mound

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-161
Author(s):  
Evgeny Pererva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Social Stratum ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time

Introduction. The paper is devoted to the examination of craniological materials of the late middle age originating from the Shareniy Bugor archaeological complex. Methods and materials. A complete series which includes 33 individual remains is now kept by the Research Institute and the Museum of Anthropology of Moscow State University. The access to scientific information on the series has been opened for the first time. The series consists of 24 male skulls, 4 female brain capsules, two childrens and 3 adolescent craniums. Analysis. The standard assessment program of pathological conditions on postcranial skeleton and skull bones developed by A.P. Buzhilova (1995, 1998) was applied in the course of examination of the anthropological material. Results. A wide range of cranium anomalies, various dentition diseases, endocrine disease markers, signs of exposure to low temperatures, episodic stress traces and numerous injuries were recorded as a result of the examination of the bone material. Conclusions. The series under consideration does not meet the paleopopulation criteria, i.e. cannot be a prototype of a really existing group of medieval urban population. Signs of unintentional artificial deformity of the occipital type were recorded on the skulls of the studied sample. The identified stress markers indicate that the urban population of the Volga Delta was exposed to the pressure of negative factors due to the natural and social environment including cold temperatures, hunger, war, etc. The population group originating from Shareniy Bugor settlement probably specialized in living in the river area, which led to a specific diet and the appearance of cases of diseases typical for people spending a long time in a cold water environment. Extremely high rates of injuries, including combat near-death and lethal ones, wounds to the skull facial area characterize the studied part of the population as a group that actively participated in hostilities. A series of skulls originating from Shareniy Bugor settlement probably belongs to a specific social stratum or the handicraft part of the population of the Golden Horde city of Khadzhi-Tarkhan which was engaged in river fishing and whose appearance (hairstyle and constantly worn headdress) was very different from most townspeople; they probably actively defended the city during the raids of enemies.

scholarly journals Ensete ventricosum: A Multipurpose Crop against Hunger in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getahun Yemata
Keyword(s):  
Drug Loading ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Ensete Ventricosum ◽  
Fermented Product ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Comparable Quality

Ensete ventricosum is a traditional multipurpose crop mainly used as a staple/co-staple food for over 20 million people in Ethiopia. Despite this, scientific information about the crop is scarce. Three types of food, viz., Kocho (fermented product from scraped pseudostem and grated corm), Bulla (dehydrated juice), and Amicho (boiled corm) can be prepared from enset. These products are particularly rich in carbohydrates, minerals, fibres, and phenolics, but poor in proteins. Such meals are usually served with meat and cheese to supplement proteins. As a food crop, it has useful attributes such as foods can be stored for long time, grows in wide range of environments, produces high yield per unit area, and tolerates drought. It has an irreplaceable role as a feed for animals. Enset starch is found to have higher or comparable quality to potato and maize starch and widely used as a tablet binder and disintegrant and also in pharmaceutical gelling, drug loading, and release processes. Moreover, enset shows high genetic diversity within a population which in turn renders resilience and food security against the ever-changing environmental factors and land use dynamics. Therefore, more research attention and funding should be given to magnify and make wider use of the crop.

Hyperbaric Testing of an Alternative Approach to Remove Carbon Dioxide From Underwater Life Support Equipment

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nuckols ◽  
S. Kolaczkowski ◽  
S. Awdry ◽  
T. Smith ◽  
D. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Surface Pressure ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Current Water

Traditional CO2 absorption methods for underwater life support equipment use alkali metal hydroxide chemical beds — mostly calcium hydroxide — that have been shown to have poor absorption efficiencies at cold temperatures, and must be replaced at considerable trouble and expense on a frequent basis. With chemical utilizations as low as 20% in water temperatures of 2°C, these hydroxides do not lend themselves to applications requiring extended durations in cold water due to the inability to carry sufficient quantities of expendables. A joint research effort between Duke University and the University of Bath has verified the feasibility in laboratory trials of an alternative carbon dioxide removal method that intimately mixes seawater with breathing circuit gases within a packed bed of Dixon rings. Based on the results of these laboratory trials, two multi-path scrubber prototypes were designed and fabricated for unmanned testing. In March 2013, the hyperbaric performance of these prototype scrubbers was characterized over a wide range of gas and water flow rates when operating the scrubbers in counter-current (water flowing in the opposite direction as gas flow) and co-current (water flowing in the same direction as gas flow) fashion. Significant findings from these tests included the following: • Both scrubber prototypes were found to be capable of delivering exit CO2 levels below 0.5 vol% (surface equivalent) at respiratory rates up to 22.5 liters per minute and at depths ranging from 0 to 40 meters of seawater (MSW). • Negligible collateral O2 absorption was observed at surface pressure (exit O2 levels were typically above 20.2 vol%), and exit O2 levels were typically above 18.4% during testing at 10 MSW. • At surface pressure, both prototypes had significantly lower breathing resistances than design goals established by the U. S. Navy.

The Problem of Identifying and Modeling the Relationship between Monetary Factor and Inflation in the Russian Economy

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
A. Porshakov ◽  
A. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supply Side Factors

The role of monetary factor in generating inflationary processes in Russia has stimulated various debates in social and scientific circles for a relatively long time. The authors show that identification of the specificity of relationship between money and inflation requires a complex approach based on statistical modeling and involving a wide range of indicators relevant for the price changes in the economy. As a result a model of inflation for Russia implying the decomposition of inflation dynamics into demand-side and supply-side factors is suggested. The main conclusion drawn is that during the recent years the volume of inflationary pressures in the Russian economy has been determined by the deviation of money supply from money demand, rather than by money supply alone. At the same time, monetary factor has a long-run spread over time impact on inflation.

Comperehencive review of Tankana

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Jyotsna Sankpal ◽  
Dr. Jyotsna Takalikar
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Menstrual Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time

Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana is branch of the ancient Indian medical science based on herbs and herbo-mineral preparation. Tankana has been described under Uparasa Tankana, which is one among the Kshara Trayas has been used since very long time in Ayurveda. It has a wide range of therapeutic applications, including diseases like Varna (ulcers), Shvasa (asthma), Kasa (cough), Hrudya (beneficial to heart disease), Streepushpajanana (menstrual disorders) etc. It is used in the form of compound formulations like Parpati, Kupipakwa, Khalvee Rasayana, Churna, Vati, Lepa etc. In this paper Tankana Shodhana procedure, different synonyms, dose, Anupana, indications and different formulations containing Tankana Bhasma has been discussed.

Hawaii Experimental Acoustics Range for Shallow Water Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Fedenczuk ◽  
Eva-Marie Nosal
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Shallow Water Acoustics ◽  
Central Node ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shallow Water Environment ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Monitoring And Surveillance ◽  
Passive Acoustic

AbstractShallow water acoustics provide a means for monitoring and surveillance of near-shore environments. This paper describes the current and future capabilities of the low- to high-frequency Hawaii Experimental Acoustics Range (HEAR) that was designed to facilitate a wide range of different shallow water acoustics experiments and allow researchers from various institutions to test various array components and configurations. HEAR is a portable facility that consists of multiple hydrophones (12‐16) cabled independently to a common central node. The design allows for variable array configurations and deployments in three modes: experimental (off boats and piers), autonomous, and cabled. An application of HEAR is illustrated by the results from a deployment at Makai Research Pier, Oahu, Hawaii. In this deployment, HEAR was configured as a long-baseline range of two volumetric subarrays to study passive acoustic tracking capabilities in a shallow water environment.

scholarly journals Physical Properties of Thermoplastic Starch Derived from Natural Resources and Its Blends: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1396
Author(s):  
Z. N. Diyana ◽  
R. Jumaidin ◽  
Mohd Zulkefli Selamat ◽  
Ihwan Ghazali ◽  
Norliza Julmohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Secondary Pollution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Long Time ◽  
To Come ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Significant Attention

Thermoplastic starch composites have attracted significant attention due to the rise of environmental pollutions induced by the use of synthetic petroleum-based polymer materials. The degradation of traditional plastics requires an unusually long time, which may lead to high cost and secondary pollution. To solve these difficulties, more petroleum-based plastics should be substituted with sustainable bio-based plastics. Renewable and natural materials that are abundant in nature are potential candidates for a wide range of polymers, which can be used to replace their synthetic counterparts. This paper focuses on some aspects of biopolymers and their classes, providing a description of starch as a main component of biopolymers, composites, and potential applications of thermoplastics starch-based in packaging application. Currently, biopolymer composites blended with other components have exhibited several enhanced qualities. The same behavior is also observed when natural fibre is incorporated with biopolymers. However, it should be noted that the degree of compatibility between starch and other biopolymers extensively varies depending on the specific biopolymer. Although their efficacy is yet to reach the level of their fossil fuel counterparts, biopolymers have made a distinguishing mark, which will continue to inspire the creation of novel substances for many years to come.

scholarly journals ETHNOBOTANICAL, PHYTOCHEMICAL, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF NEPENTHES SPECIES: A REVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaibu Babaji Sanusi ◽  
Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar ◽  
Maryati Mohamed ◽  
Siti Fatimah Sabran ◽  
Muhammad Murtala Mainasara
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Gastrointestinal Discomfort ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Ethnobotanical Uses

The genus Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) has been utilized in folk medicine for a long time in India and Southeast Asia countries. They are used in the treatment of leprosy, cholera, night blindness, gastrointestinal discomfort, dysentery, stomachache, and bed-wetting among others. This review highlights the ethnobotanical uses, phytochemicals, and pharmacological activities of both crude extracts and pure bioactive compounds of Nepenthes spp. The phytochemical compounds isolated from Nepenthes species include flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, and steroids among other phytochemicals. A wide range of pharmacological activities was exhibited by the crude extracts and pure bioactive components such as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiosteoporotic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, and hypolipidemic activities. This review revealed that many active compounds are present in Nepenthes spp. However, many pharmacological screenings such as anticancer, antiviral, wound healing, antihelminthic, antidiarrheal properties, among others have not been carried out yet. Therefore, more biological investigations and phytochemical screenings are required to fully explore the genus Nepenthes which may lead to development of new therapeutic agents.  

Deep Donor and Acceptor Levels Induced by High Temperature and long time Annealing in LEC Gallium Arsenide

1991 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Marrakchi ◽  
A. Kalboussi ◽  
G. Guillot ◽  
M. Ben Salem ◽  
H. Maaref ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
Electron Trap ◽  
Single Donor ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Deep Donor ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Lec Gaas

ABSTRACTThe effects of high temperature isothermal annealing on the electrical properties of donor and acceptor defects in n-type LEC GaAs are investigated. The annealing experiments are performed under As-rich atmosphere at 1000°C for 1–4 and 16 hours followed by a very quick quenching into cold water of the quartz ampoules containing the samples. The donor and acceptor levels are detected respectively by standard (DLTS) and optical (ODLTS) deep level spectroscopy. DLTS results show the presence of one single donor level present in unannealed and annealed samples at Ec - 0.79eV which is identified as the well known electron trap EL2 Only the sample annealed for 16 hs exhibits the presence of a new electron trap named TAI at Ec - 0.32eV. The appearance of TAI is correlated in one hand with the evolution of EL2 concentration and in the other hand to the effect of long duration (16 hs) of the treatment. For acceptor levels, two hole traps HT1 and HT2 are detected respectively at EV + 0.18 eV and EV+ 0.28 eV. HT1 is detected only in samples annealed for 4 and 16 hs and HT2 is detected in all studied samples. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements show the presence of the 1.44 eV band corresponding to gallium antisite GaAs defect. This band observed in unannealed and annealed samples shows that GaAs remains stable even after thermal annealing at lOOO°C for 16 hs and it is correlated with the presence of HT2.

scholarly journals OBTAINING NEW FLOCCULANTS BASED ON HIGH-SUBSTITUTED CATIONIC STARCHES

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei M. Butrim ◽  
Tatiana D. Bil´dyukevich ◽  
Nataliya S. Butrim ◽  
Tatiana L. Yurkshtovich ◽  
Fedor N. Kaputskiy
Keyword(s):  
Supramolecular Structure ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Polymeric Chain ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Long Time ◽  
A Charge

In this work synthesis of the high-substituted cationic starches by reaction of starches of different botanical origin with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimetylammonium chloride in the presence of the alkaline catalyst was carried out by semi-dry way. The assessment of their flocculating properties on the model systems of kaolinic dispersions was carried out. It was established that the efficiency of a starch cationization substantially depends on its nature. This is due to various initial supermlecular structure and morphology of starch granules. The largest rate and degree of a cationization was characteristic for potato starch, and the least – for corn. The offered heterogeneous method of synthesis allows to receive the high-substituted cationic starches with preservation their granular and minimum changes in supramolecular structure. At achievement of particular extent of high-substituted (DScat> 0.1) cationic starches form the transparent colloid dispersions in cold water. Cationization of starches to higher DScat. demands increase in a consumption of cationic reagent and the catalyst. Formation of cationic bonds in starch was confirmed with results of element and IR-spectroscopical analyses. When carrying out a cationization of starch in an alkaline condition there can be changes of the supramolecular structure of a polysaccharide depending on a temperature and type of starch. Unessential decrease in a degree of crystallinity of all types of starches after their cationization at ambient temperature was demonstrated by the diffractograms received in work. Despite slight amorphicity of starch after their cationization it should be noted that all cationic starches having DScat> 0.1, easily disperse in cold water with formation of the homogeneous transparent pastes. The kinetics and efficiency of a flocculation of model kaolinic suspensions with synthesized cationic starches was investigated. Kaolinic suspensions for lack of flocculant are rather stable for a long time. Introduction to the system of cationic starch leads to fast destabilization of kaolinic dispersions. At the same time for all cationic starches with increase in a dose in the range of 0.5 – 7.5 mg/g(kaolin) the flocculation rate of particles of kaolin dispersions increases. The most efficiently a flocculation of dispersions of kaolin happens to the largest rate in the presence of cationic potato starch. It was established that the efficiency of a flocculation of mineral kaolinic systems is defined not only by a molecular mass of polymer, but also the sizes of non-draining chains which in the strong degree depend on a charge of microions and a rigidity of a polymeric chain. It was shown that the synthesized flocculants are not inferior in efficiency to the polyacrylamide derivants which are applied now.Forcitation:Butrim S.M., Bildyukevich T.D., Butrim N.S., Yurkshtovich T.L., Kaputskiy F.N. Obtaining new flocculants based on high-substituted cationic starches. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 1. P. 89-95

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