scholarly journals Morphofunctional Characteristics of Chondrocyte Proliferation in Experimental Osteoarthritis in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Tatyana Lyzo ◽  
Anastasia Korchagina ◽  
Pavel Krylov
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Surfactant Proteins ◽  
Joint Degeneration ◽  
Chondrocyte Proliferation ◽  
Experimental Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common degenerative joint diseases. The study of the causes of its occurrence and development is relevant to this day. The lack of data on the causes of its occurrence and development complicates the treatment process. It is known that with the development of this disease, the proliferation of chondrocytes in the articular cartilage progresses at different stages, but the mechanism of this process is poorly understood. An increase in proliferation leads to a sharp increase in the process of autophagy, which in turn affects a decrease in the lubricating function of both cartilage and synovial fluid, which leads to an irreversible stage of joint degeneration. The problem of reducing the viscoelastic properties of cartilage can be solved by introducing natural chondroprotectors, one of which is surfactant proteins. To study the proliferative properties, a research work was carried out, during which osteoarthritis was experimentally simulated in Wistar rats by introducing a solution of medical talc. This led to a decrease in the lubricating function of the synovial fluid and an increase in the number of chondrocytes. However, when using a lubricant based on a substance containing surfactant proteins, the lubricating function of the synovial fluid improved, which contributed to the restoration of cartilage in osteoarthritis.

scholarly journals Possible Antioxidant and Haematinic Properties of the Stem Bark of Theobroma cacao L. in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
B. O. Oluwatayo ◽  
T. A. Kolawole ◽  
C. C. Wali ◽  
O. A. Olayanju ◽  
A. E. J. Okwori
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Background: This study investigated the potential antioxidant effects of aqueous extract of the stem bark of Theobroma cacao L. in Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats weighing between 126 g – 224 g were grouped randomly into 4groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 served as control and received water while groups 2, 3 and 4 rats were given 1000mg/kg, 3000mg/kg and 5000mg/kg b.wt of the extract respectively for 28days. On the 29th day, the rats were anaesthetized and blood samples were collected for analysis of some haematological parameters, enzymatic and non- enzymatic antioxidant activities. Results: The results obtained showed that there was significant increase (p<0.001) in SOD, Catalase activities and MDA levels in a dose dependent manner. The results also showed significant increase (p<0.001) in RBC Group 2, 3 and 4 rats when compared to the Group1. Significant increase was also observed in Hemoglobin (Hb) and Hematocrit (Hct) level in group 2 and 3 rats (p<0.001). Mean corpuscular volume was significantly increased in group 2 rats (p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings from this study showed the antioxidant and hematinic potentials of the stem bark of Theobroma cacao L.The aqueous extract of the stem bark of Theobroma cacao L. has a potential antioxidative and hematinic effects in Wistar rats. This is largely due to its rich phytochemical and nutritive contents. Further research work will be needed to see the possible application of these properties in humans.

scholarly journals DoE-Assisted Development of a Novel Glycosaminoglycan-Based Injectable Formulation for Viscosupplementation

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Marta Cicognani ◽  
Silvia Rossi ◽  
Gabriele Vecchi ◽  
Andrea Maria Giori ◽  
Franca Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
International Council ◽  
Injectable Formulation ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Very High ◽  
Lubrication Properties

The aim of the present work was the development of a novel glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-based injectable formulation intended for intra-articular administration that should best mimic the healthy synovial fluid. Hyaluronic acid (HA) was chosen among GAG polymers, since it is the most abundant component of the synovial fluid. A DoE (Design of Experiment) approach was used for the development of a formulation containing two HA (very high (VHMW) and low (LMW) molecular weight) grades. The rationale for this choice is that so far, no commercial product based on a single HA grade or even on binary HA mixture possesses optimal viscoelastic properties in comparison with healthy synovial fluid. A full factorial design was chosen to investigate the influence of concentration and relative fraction of the two polymer grades (retained as factors of the model) on formulation functional (viscosity and viscoelastic) properties, which are considered response variables. Thanks to the DoE approach, the composition of the optimized HA formulation was found. The addition to such formulation of an injectable grade fat-free soy phospholipid, which was rich in phosphatidylcholine (PC), resulted in improved lubrication properties. The final HA + PC formulation, packaged in pre-filled sterile syringes, was stable in long-term and accelerated ICH (International Council for Harmonisation) storage conditions. The overall results pointed out the formulation suitability for further steps of pharmaceutical developments, namely for the passage to pilot scale.

Novel Aceclofenac-l-Cystine and Aceclofenac-Urea Cocrystals with Enhanced Oral Bioavailability

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroj Kumar ◽  
Amresh Gupta ◽  
Chanchal Kumar Mishra ◽  
Satyawan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Parent Drug ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Biopharmaceutical Properties

Aim: Present research work focuses on the improvement of biopharmaceutical properties of aceclofenac (ACF) by the cocrystal approach.\ Background: ACF is one of the frequently used Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID). ACF is a BCS Class - II drug (low solubility and high permeability) with poor solubility and low oral bioavailability. Hence, the improvement in solubility and bioavailability of ACF is very crucial for successful product development. Now a day’s pharmaceutical cocrystals are considered a novel solid form of drugs. These cocrystals may have different physicochemical as well as biopharmaceutical properties as compared to the parent drug. In a previous study, the cocrystal of ACF (ACF-l-CYS NG and ACF-UREA NG) were successfully prepared and characterized. These cocrystals have shown superior solubility and dissolution rate than pure ACF in HCl buffer (pH 1.2). The synthesized cocrystals were also found non-hygroscopic and stable for 6 months under standard test settings. However pharmacokinetic evaluation of these cocrystals have not been explored yet. Objective: The specific objective of this research work was the measurement of bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of ACF cocrystals prepared by the mechanochemical grinding method. Methods: Cocrystals of ACF with l-cystine and urea were prepared by neat grinding (NG) method and in-vivo oral bioavailability of prepared cocrystals was measured in Wistar rats. The plasma drug concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the pharmacokinetic data was analyzed by “PK solver” software. Results : Percent relative bioavailability of ACF-l-CYS NG and ACF-UREA NG cocrystals in Wistar rats was found to be 242.05 ± 65.27and 178.93 ± 45.21 respectively, which were significantly higher (ANOVA, P < 0.05) than that of pure ACF. Conclusion: The present study indicates that the enhanced aqueous solubility of the prepared cocrystals leads to enhanced oral bioavailability of ACF. Thus, the cocrystals may be an alternative crystalline form of the drug that can enhance the solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability of many poorly soluble drugs.

Kynurenine inhibits chondrocyte proliferation and is increased in synovial fluid of patients with septic arthritis

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1490-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim T. Lögters ◽  
Maurice D. Laryea ◽  
Marcus Jäger ◽  
Michael Schädel-Höpfner ◽  
Joachim Windolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Septic Arthritis ◽  
Chondrocyte Proliferation

Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Alleviates Osteoarthritis Condition Through Focal Adhesion Kinase–Mediated Chondrocyte Proliferation and Differentiation

Cartilage ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 194760352091232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Sang ◽  
Jin Xu ◽  
Zheng Chen ◽  
Qingbai Liu ◽  
Wenchao Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Focal Adhesion Kinase ◽  
Focal Adhesion ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Chondrocyte Proliferation ◽  
Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

Objective Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent chronic multifactorial degenerative disease characterized by joint tissue inflammation, osteophyte formation, subchondral bone sclerosis, and articular cartilage degradation. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), a noninvasive ultrasound technique, is widely used to attenuate diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether LIPUS can ameliorate OA, and to explore its underlying molecular mechanism. Design The OA model was established in a C57BL/6 mouse by the anterior cruciate ligament transaction method. OA was assessed using arthritis scoring and weightbearing parameters. Chondrocyte proliferation was detected by a CCK-8 assay. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in synovial fluid of the mice were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results In OA mice, the arthritis score and weightbearing abilities were dramatically improved by LIPUS treatment. LIPUS also remarkably declined the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in synovial fluid of OA mice. Moreover, LIPUS promoted chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation by activating focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling. Inhibition of FAK significantly blocked LIPUS-mediated cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro, as well as inflammation condition in OA mice. Conclusion LIPUS alleviates OA through promoting chondrocytes proliferation and differentiation by activating FAK, which could act as an intervening target for OA treatment.

Evaluation of the changes of P1NP and CTX in synovial fluid and blood serum of dogs with experimental osteoarthritis

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-563
Author(s):  
Behrooz Nikahval ◽  
Saeed Nazifi ◽  
Fahime Heidari ◽  
Mohamad Saeed Ahrari Khafi
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Experimental Osteoarthritis

scholarly journals Antipuritive Effect of Aqueous Root Extracts of Moringa oliefera on Alcohol-induced Haematoxicity in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Grace Ekpo ◽  
Eteng Ofem ◽  
Stella Bassey ◽  
Kenyoh Abam ◽  
Iwara Arikpo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Aqueous Root Extract

Aim: The study is aimed at investigating the antinutritive effects of aqueous root extract of Moringa oleifera on haematological indices following sub-chronic consumption of alcohol in Wistar rats. Methods and Materials: Thirty (30) experimental rats weighing 100-120 g were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1, the normal control group was given just rat feed and water, group 2, negative control was administered alcohol only (1.5 ml/kg body weight), rats in group 3, 4 and 5 received combined administration of alcohol 1.5 ml/kg body weight and 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight of aqueous root extract of Moringa oleifera respectively, group 6 rats were administered 250 mg/body weight of extract only. At the end of fourteen days (14) the experimental rats were then sacrificed, and blood was collected for haematological analysis. Results: The result obtained shows a dose-dependent response in almost all the parameters, white blood cell (WBC) count increases significantly(P<0.05) with 600 mg/kg while dose 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/g shows no significant change. Red blood cells (RBC) decreases non-significantly (P<0.05) with increased amount of aqueous Moringa root extract.  Likewise, there was also a dose-dependent decrease in the haematological count and more noticeable with 200 mg/kg dose. It was also observed that mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increases in all the treatment groups with significant observed in 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg. The increase in alcohol can bring about suppression of the blood cells production, enhance if there is reduction in the red blood cells, it, therefore, implies that the will be reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the red blood cells, that would be carried to the tissues as well as the level of carbon dioxide returned to the lungs. Also, the PCV is involved in the transport of oxygen and absorption of the nutrient. Therefore, increase in PCV, shows a better transportation and thus results in an increase in both primary and secondary polycythemias. Conclusion: This research work shows that the plant extract contains some bioactive component or phytochemical constituents that are capable of ameliorating the toxicity effect of alcohol on animal models.

scholarly journals Changes in Biochemical Parameters, Antioxidative Enzymes and Histopathology of Liver Induced by Cadmium (Cd) and Chlorpyrifos (CPF) in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ravikumar ◽  
D. Madhuri ◽  
M. Lakshman ◽  
A. Gopala Reddy ◽  
B. Kalakumar
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Portal Triad ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Examination Result ◽  
Per Oral ◽  
The Impact

Background: Cd and CPF intoxication may occur directly through drinking water. Since the population tend to receive combination of multiple intoxicants through environment contamination, there is need for conducting studies to assess the impact of individual and combined environmental pollutants. The present research work was designed to study hepatotoxicity induced by Cd, CPF and their combination.Methods: The experiment was carried out for 28 days in Wistar rats. G1: Control. G-2:CdCl2 @ 22.5mg/ kg b.wt / oral. G3: CPF @ 25 mg/ kg b.wt /per oral. G4:[email protected] mg + CPF @ 25 mg/ kg b.wt /per oral. Biochemical parameters ware estimated from serum and liver samples were processed for tissue antioxidative parameters and histopathological examination. Result: Higher mean values of AST, ALT, ALP and lower liver GSH and SOD were observed in G2, 3 and 4 on 15th and 29th day when compared with G1. Liver in G2 and 3 showed mild degenerative changes, areas of necrosis and loss of architecture. In G4, lesions were moderate in severity. In addition, moderate perivascular fibrosis of portal triad was observed. The effects in combined group were severe than individual groups due to synergistic action of the combined pollutants.

scholarly journals Features of Hyaluronic Acid Solutions for Intra-articular Introduction and Recent Trends in Their Development (Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Zagorulko ◽  
E. Y. Zagorulko
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Molecular Weight Range ◽  
Polymer Complexes ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
The Creation

Introduction. The most common way to maintain the viscoelastic properties of synovial fluid is intra-articular administration of hyaluronic acid solutions. Such forms have several features due to the method of administration, the characteristics of the substance, as well as their composition, technology, and packaging. The aim of the work to analyze the features of hyaluronic acid solutions for intra-articular administration, as well as to consider resent trends to their pharmaceutical development.Text. Currently, in Russia, most of these forms are registered as medical devices. Each drug has its characteristics, including the source of the substance, the main molecular weight and the molecular weight range of hyaluronic acid, the structure of the molecule (linear or cross-linked), the method of its chemical modification, concentration, solution volume, dosage, etc. As excipients most often use sodium chloride, water for injection, and phosphate-buffered saline to maintain pH values close to the synovial fluid. Some prostheses contain mannitol as an antioxidant. Combinations of hyaluronic acid with active chondroprotective substances (chondroitin sulfate, sodium succinate) are known. The main type of primary packaging is glass prefilled syringes. The choice of sterilization methods is determined by the chemical structure of hyaluronic acid, aseptic production is used for most prostheses.Conclusion. Currently, research solutions to create thermostable and enzyme-resistant compositions with hyaluronic acid for intra-articular administration are being successfully applied. Modern developments are aimed at creating polymer complexes of hyaluronic acid with substances that improve the lubricity of solutions, the development of nanosystems (liposomes, nanoparticles, nano micelles, etc.) with chondroprotective, as well as the creation of inert biocompatible prostheses with viscoelastic properties. The creation of forms of hyaluronic acid and alternative drugs that can support the rheological properties of synovial fluid is currently a promising area of research.

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