scholarly journals War's Visual Discourse: A Content Analysis of Iraq War Imagery

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Major
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Visual Discourse

The visual international politics of the European refugee crisis: Tragedy, humanitarianism, borders

2021 ◽  
pp. 001083672198936
Author(s):  
Lene Hansen ◽  
Rebecca Adler-Nissen ◽  
Katrine Emilie Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Visual Environment ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Visual Content ◽  
Visual Discourse ◽  
News Photography ◽  
European Refugee Crisis ◽  
The Eu

The European refugee crisis has been communicated visually through images such as those of Alan Kurdi lying dead on the beach, by body bags on the harbor front of Lampedusa, by people walking through Europe and by border guards and fences. This article examines the broader visual environment within which EU policy-making took place from October 2013 to October 2015. It identifies ‘tragedy’ as the key term used by the EU to explain its actions and decisions and points out that discourses of humanitarianism and border control were both in place. The article provides a theoretical account of how humanitarianism and border control might be visualized by news photography. Adopting a multi-method design and analyzing a dataset of more than 1000 photos, the article presents a visual discourse analysis of five generic iconic motifs and a quantitative visual content analysis of shifts and continuity across four moments in time. The article connects these visual analyses to the policies and discourses of the EU holding that the ambiguity of the EU’s discourse was mirrored by the wider visual environment.

Framing the news on the Syrian War: A comparative study of antiwar.com and cnn.com editorials

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-505
Author(s):  
Rayeheh Alitavoli
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Strategic Plan ◽  
Framing Theory ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Us

This study identifies the dominant frames presented in opinion articles published from 20 August to 17 September 2013 on the alternative website – antiwar.com – and the mainstream website – cnn.com; this timeframe includes articles published a week before and a week after the US administration’s decision to attack and withdraw from Syria. The article employs qualitative content analysis and Entman’s framing theory to code the data and extract the themes and dominant frames present in a total of 87 opinion articles. The study concludes that cnn.com provided frames that presented Bashar al-Assad as a ‘brutal villain’ who uses chemical weapons on his own people, while providing frames that stress Barack Obama’s incompetency in carrying out a strategic plan and highlight the negative consequences of a strike. However, antiwar.com articles are more resonant and consistent than cnn.com articles, and provide frames that encourage readers to protest against engaging in another war, reminding them of the failures of similar past wars such as the Iraq War and its negative consequences, as well as stressing the major players that benefited from a military intervention.

Global Diffusion with Local Dimension: A Study of Iraq War News in South Asia

2004 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhteruz Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Local Dimension ◽  
News Production ◽  
War Coverage ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
War News ◽  
Definition Of

The reporting of war has always been a tough challenge for journalists. Restricted access to information, lack of consensus about journalists' role during wartime and the process of news production make the task daunting. The media's vulnerability is manifested in the pattern of war coverage, which is directly related to a country's historic, social and cultural perspectives. This content analysis of the 2003 Iraq war coverage in the Bangladesh press shows that, despite the publications’ dependence on Western sources for war news, they rejected the Western definition of the war and echoed the opposing version of it harboured by the country's elite.

scholarly journals Gender Imbalances in the Visual Discourse of Moroccan EFL Textbooks: A Critical Image Analysis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Driss Benattabou
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Modal Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Modal Approach ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
Visual Discourse

The aim of this paper is to investigate the portrayal of women and men in the visual discourse of Moroccan English as a Foreign Language (MEFL, henceforth) textbooks employing a bi-modal analysis comprising  qualitative  content analysis alongside Giaschi (2000),  Kress and Van leeuwen (2006), and Newfield’s (2011) newly developed concept of critical image analysis.  This bi-modal approach attempts to address a number of themes recurrent in the visual contents of the selected textbooks. Relying on this combination, pictorial images featuring both women and men indoors (in domestic settings) and outdoors either in the job market or undertaking some outdoor activities are interrogated. The results of this inquiry prove very convincingly that the visual discourse of MEFL textbooks is fraught with an array of cultural misconceptions in discrimination of women. The paper ends up with a conclusion along with some recommendations.

Methodological Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-34
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
News Media ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Visual Discourse ◽  
Policy Debates

This chapter continues to set the context of the book by describing the methodological approach adopted. The importance of framing in policy debates is highlighted, justifying why feature articles, letters to the editor, and videos were selected as the units for analyses. Described is the process undertaken to retrieve a news media sample from a number of sources. Detailed are the methodologies adopted to assess the news media sample: content analysis, critical discourse analysis, and visual discourse analysis. The qualitative research undertaken for this book is documented, outlining the methodological approach of interviews and the sample of interviewees chosen. The overall purpose of this chapter is to inform the reader about the methodologies, samples, and approaches utilized.

scholarly journals Gendered Hegemony in the Visual Discourse of Moroccan EFL Textbooks: A Quantitative Content Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-61
Author(s):  
Driss Benattabou
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Quantitative Content Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Visual Discourse ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Pictorial Representations ◽  
Frequency Counts

This study analyzes the portrayal of women and men in the visual discourse of Moroccan English as a Foreign Language (MEFL, henceforth). Nine of these textbooks have been sampled to serve this purpose. Although past research has been extensively undertaken to examine the textual discourse of school textbooks, there is up to now a dearth of research geared to analyze their visual contents. This research adopts the analytical techniques of quantitative content analysis to examine the numerical distribution of the two sex groups throughout their pictorial representations. Mapping the visual content of the sampled textbooks, it has been shown that, unlike men, women have been misrepresented both in terms of their visibility (frequency of appearance) as well as in terms of the occupational roles assigned to them. The use of frequency counts, percentages, ratios and chi-square tests have helped unveil imbalanced gender disparities favoring men. The paper ends up presenting the conclusion of this study along with some recommendations.

scholarly journals US Foreign Policy and Iconization of A Terrorist Through Hollywood Films: A Content Analysis of Afghan and Iraq War in Pre & Post 9/11 Movies (1995 To 2015)

2021 ◽  
Vol volume 05 (issue 2) ◽  
pp. 86-99
Author(s):  
Hafiz Azhar Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Majid Hamid Nasir ◽  
Muhammad Rawaha Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Family Roles ◽  
Hollywood Films ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government

The study is about the cinematic representation of war on terror and explores the relationship between Hollywood productions and US foreign policy. It includes 14 Hollywood productions for cinema screen regarding Afghan and Iraq war during the era of 1995 to 2015. Content analysis of selected movies is done to find out how the ‘Other’ characters are presented on screen. The observation concludes that the Hollywood has hand in gloves with Washington to propagate the state agenda throughout the world. The image of enemy on cinematic screen is shaped and reshaped following the patterns which suit the US government as obvious in the case of Afghan and Iraq war. It is also found that the terrorist Middle Eastern and Afghan Muslim characters are mostly non-uniformed, covered head, armed, veiled, wearing upper/ jackets and wear in formal dresses. Moreover, they are iconized as animalistic, uncivilized, aggressor and have no family roles. On the contrary, the ‘Other’ characters which are supportive to American army are mostly presented as un-barbaric, civilized, defender and having family roles and they are mostly uniformed.

Of Frames and Cultures - A Cross-Cultural Comparison of TV Newscasts

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Senokozlieva ◽  
Oliver Fischer ◽  
Gary Bente ◽  
Nicole Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Tv News ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. TV news are essentially cultural phenomena. Previous research suggests that the often-overlooked formal and implicit characteristics of newscasts may be systematically related to culture-specific characteristics. Investigating these characteristics by means of a frame-by-frame content analysis is identified as a particularly promising methodological approach. To examine the relationship between culture and selected formal characteristics of newscasts, we present an explorative study that compares material from the USA, the Arab world, and Germany. Results indicate that there are many significant differences, some of which are in line with expectations derived from cultural specifics. Specifically, we argue that the number of persons presented as well as the context in which they are presented can be interpreted as indicators of Individualism/Collectivism. The conclusions underline the validity of the chosen methodological approach, but also demonstrate the need for more comprehensive and theory-driven category schemes.

Searching Online for Methods of Suicide

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Christian Ulrich Eriksen ◽  
Flemming Konradsen ◽  
Thilde Vildekilde
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Methods Of Suicide

Abstract. Background: Information on methods of suicide is available online, and access to information on methods of suicide appears to contribute to a small but significant proportion of suicides. There is limited documentation of how methods of suicide are being profiled, as well as what content exists in other languages than English. Aim: We aimed to analyze and compare how methods of suicide are profiled on Danish and English-language websites. Method: We applied a categorization and content analysis of websites describing methods of suicide. Sites were retrieved by applying widely used Danish and English-language search terms. Results: A total of 136 English-language websites and 106 Danish-language websites were included for analysis. Websites were more often categorized as prevention or support sites, academic or policy sites, and against suicide sites than dedicated suicide sites (i.e., pro-suicide sites), or information sites. However, information on methods of suicide was available, and 20.1% and 8.9% of the English and Danish-language sites, respectively, suggested that a particular method of suicide was quick, easy, painless, or certain to result in death. Limitations: Only one author coded and analyzed all websites. A further operationalization of the content analysis checklist is warranted to increase reliability. Conclusion: The websites primarily had a prevention or anti-suicide focus, but information on methods of suicide was available, requiring an increased focus on how to diminish the negative effects of harmful online content.

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