scholarly journals TRAJECTORY OF AGE-ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN THE MICROBIAL COMMUNITY OF THE SMALL INTESTINE OF HEALTHY PERSONS IN THE CONTEXT OF METAORGANISM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. Filippova ◽  
M. Kholodilina ◽  
A. Burmistrova
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Optimal Scaling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Neuroendocrine Systems

The study of the small intestine microbiota in humans is difficult due to the low availability of biomaterial. Non-invasive methods of metabolomics and bioinformatic data analysis can expand our understanding of the structure and role the small intestine microbiota in maintaining homeostasis of the body. The article presents the trajectory of age-related changes in the microbial community of the small intestine in healthy individuals in the context of interaction with the cytokine and neuroendocrine systems within the metaorganism, using the methods of gas chromatography - mass spectrometry of microbial markers (GCMS MM) and optimal scaling. 110 practically healthy individuals: children, adults and elderly, were included into the study. The number of the main types of small intestine microbiota (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria) was determined in peripheral blood by the GCMS MM method. To construct the trajectories of changes in the small intestine microbiota and indicators of the cytokine and neuroendocrine systems with age, the optimal scaling technique based on the multivariate Gifi transformation (CATPCA method) was used. It was found, that the bacterial community of the small intestine of both children and the elderly and seniors has a significantly low total number of microorganisms, due to the low content of bacteria of the types Firmicutes and Actinobacteria against the background of a high number of representatives of the types Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria, in comparison with similar indicators in adults. Assessment of the trajectory of age-associated changes in the microbiota of the small intestine showed: 1) children have strong dynamic fluctuations in the number and connections within the community of microorganisms against the background of the formation of connections between the main regulatory systems of the metaorganism – immune and neuroendocrine; 2) adults present the plasticity and consistency of the functioning of the immune and nervous systems, what determine the state of dynamic balance of the small intestine microbiota; 3) healthy aging characterize by hight degree of cooperation between the main members of the bacterial community, which ensures the stability of the system at a new level, as one of the mechanisms of adaptation of the organism. Thus, the using the methods of GCMS MM and optimal scaling, allows us to expand our understanding of the age-associated trajectory of changes in the small intestine microbiota and its cooperation with the immune and neuroendocrine systems within the metaorganism, which can be used in the development of new methods of therapy of an infectious and non-infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Scotopic thresholds on dark-adapted chromatic perimetry in healthy aging and age-related macular degeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjot Kaur Grewal ◽  
Shruti Chandra ◽  
Alan Bird ◽  
Glen Jeffery ◽  
Sobha Sivaprasad
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rod Function ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractTo evaluate the effect of aging, intra- and intersession repeatability and regional scotopic sensitivities in healthy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eyes. Intra- and intersession agreement and effect of age was measured in healthy individuals. The mean sensitivity (MS) and pointwise retinal sensitivities (PWS) within the central 24° with 505 nm (cyan) and 625 nm (red) stimuli were evaluated in 50 individuals (11 healthy and 39 AMD eyes). The overall intra- and intersession had excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC > 0.90) and tests were highly correlated (Spearman rs = 0.75–0.86). Eyes with subretinal drusenoid deposit (SDD) had reduced PWS centrally, particularly at inferior and nasal retinal locations compared with controls and intermediate AMD (iAMD) without SDD. There was no difference in MS or PWS at any retinal location between iAMD without SDD and healthy individuals nor between iAMD with SDD and non-foveal atrophic AMD groups. Eyes with SDD have reduced rod function compared to iAMD without SDD and healthy eyes, but similar to eyes with non-foveal atrophy. Our results highlight rod dysfunction is not directly correlated with drusen load and SDD location.

scholarly journals Age-related differences in decision-making process in the context of healthy aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 01022
Author(s):  
Felix Zakirov ◽  
Arsenty Krasilnikov
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Risky Behavior ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rational Choices ◽  
Neuroimaging Data

During aging cognitive functions change differently from others. Unlike most of the body systems, there is no clear decline pattern in cognitive processes. One of the most significant cognitive processes is decision-making, which defines social interactions, economical relationships, and risky behavior. Among factors influence decisionmaking process, individual lifelong experience is considered to be an important one. Obviously, older adults have more life experience, than the younger groups. However, the former often do not tend to rational choices and beneficial strategies. In this case it is important to assess how aging processes in brain contribute into searching for the most beneficial option during decision-making. On the basis of today’s studies about risky behavior, judgement of fairness, financial games, and modern neuroimaging data this review will observe and discuss age-related differences in decision-making. Thus, a correct cognitive profile of older adult in decision-making context can be determined.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota: Critical Controller and Intervention Target in Brain Aging and Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Junjun Ni ◽  
Hong Qing
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Brain

The current trend for the rapid growth of the global aging population poses substantial challenges for society. The human aging process has been demonstrated to be closely associated with changes in gut microbiota composition, diversity, and functional features. During the first 2 years of life, the gut microbiota undergoes dramatic changes in composition and metabolic functions as it colonizes and develops in the body. Although the gut microbiota is nearly established by the age of three, it continues to mature until adulthood, when it comprises more stable and diverse microbial species. Meanwhile, as the physiological functions of the human body deteriorated with age, which may be a result of immunosenescence and “inflammaging,” the guts of elderly people are generally characterized by an enrichment of pro-inflammatory microbes and a reduced abundance of beneficial species. The gut microbiota affects the development of the brain through a bidirectional communication system, called the brain-gut-microbiota (BGM) axis, and dysregulation of this communication is pivotal in aging-related cognitive impairment. Microbiota-targeted dietary interventions and the intake of probiotics/prebiotics can increase the abundance of beneficial species, boost host immunity, and prevent gut-related diseases. This review summarizes the age-related changes in the human gut microbiota based on recent research developments. Understanding these changes will likely facilitate the design of novel therapeutic strategies to achieve healthy aging.

Physiology of Geriatrics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Matadial
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age Related

The aging population is growing and life expectancy is prolonged. The elderly population is able to enjoy prolonged life with good management of their chronic conditions. Many elderly do not have medical conditions but we still see a decline in their organ function and physiologic reserve that weighs in on their daily living. As well these changes in anatomy, physiology and chemistry puts them at risk of developing medical conditions and experience adverse outcomes during surgery and anesthesia. The central nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic and renal systems all work together and are affected as a whole with aging causing physiologic changes but also compensatory mechanisms. In this review we will study the aging physiology of the body and touch on its implications in anesthesia. This review contains 5 figures, 3 tables, and  55 references. Keywords: Healthy aging, age-related changes, Postoperative cognitive dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, vascular stiffening, ventricular arterial coupling, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Spirometry, Glomerular Filtration Rate, hallmarks of aging

Centenarians as a model for healthy aging

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Franceschi ◽  
M. Bonafè
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Antigenic Load

For over 10 years we have studied centenarians as a model to address the biological basis of aging and longevity, with particular attention to immunology and genetics. The most important findings can be summarized as follows. (i) Human immunosenescence represents a complex remodelling, whereby clonotypical immunity deteriorates, while ancestral, innate immunity is largely preserved. (ii) Continuous exposure to antigens causes a lifelong, chronic antigenic stress, which is responsible, together with the involution of the thymus, for the accumulation of memory/effector T cells and the exhaustion of naïve T cells. (iii) Aging is characterized by a peculiar chronic inflammatory status that we propose to call ‘inflammaging’, which appears to be under genetic control, is detrimental for longevity and is more evident in men than in women. Inflammaging, i.e. the up-regulation of a variety of anti-stress responses at the cellular and molecular level, is the consequence of the ability of the body to adapt to and counteract the effects of a variety of stressors, which causes the accumulation of molecular and cellular scars. Inflammaging is considered the common and most important driving force of age-related pathologies, such as neurodegeneration, atherosclerosis, diabetes and sarcopenia, among others, all of which share an inflammatory pathogenesis. (iv) Possible strategies to counteract the major effects of immunosenescence and inflammaging, such as the systematic reduction of the lifelong antigenic load, the elimination of chronic infections, thymic rejuvenation and preventative treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs in people with a pro-inflammatory genotype, are envisaged.

scholarly journals Skeletal muscle transcriptome in healthy aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Tumasian ◽  
Abhinav Harish ◽  
Gautam Kundu ◽  
Jen-Hao Yang ◽  
Ceereena Ubaida-Mohien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Mrna Isoforms ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Binomial Regression

AbstractAge-associated changes in gene expression in skeletal muscle of healthy individuals reflect accumulation of damage and compensatory adaptations to preserve tissue integrity. To characterize these changes, RNA was extracted and sequenced from muscle biopsies collected from 53 healthy individuals (22–83 years old) of the GESTALT study of the National Institute on Aging–NIH. Expression levels of 57,205 protein-coding and non-coding RNAs were studied as a function of aging by linear and negative binomial regression models. From both models, 1134 RNAs changed significantly with age. The most differentially abundant mRNAs encoded proteins implicated in several age-related processes, including cellular senescence, insulin signaling, and myogenesis. Specific mRNA isoforms that changed significantly with age in skeletal muscle were enriched for proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation and adipogenesis. Our study establishes a detailed framework of the global transcriptome and mRNA isoforms that govern muscle damage and homeostasis with age.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

PERMEABILITY OF CELLS AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN ASSESSMENT OF FISHES AGE

1970 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
N. I. Maslova
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Ratio Estimation ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Cellular Permeability ◽  
Membrane Strength

The article presents analysis of material and results of their own studies on changes in the permeability of cellular structures, organs and tissues in carp, which is of great importance in determining age-related indicators. The cells permeability in liver and gonads estimation was carried out under the experimental base of VNIIR on two carp genotypes during the pre-spawning period. The carp groups taken for analysis differed significantly in their genotypes. In females of the Khrapunov group the fecundity was 2023.0 thousand units, while the number of oocytes filled with yolk was only 0.7%, in the Ostashevsky ones - 1370.0 thousand units and 8.6%, respectively. During estimation the chemical composition of the generative tissue in females and males it was established that the cholesterol and lecithin content in males is higher than that of females, while feeding dependence is observed, especially on the amount of protein in the diet. For example, in females on protein diet contained less glycogen in gonads than on females on carbohydrate diet. Lecithin and cholesterol are higher in males than in females, which corresponds to increasing the Gyurdy Ratio (estimation of cell membrane strength). In spermatogenesis the content of phospholipids and cholesterol in the liver was decreased less than during ovogenesis. This indicates a lower level of synthetic processes in the milts compared with the ovaries. The cholesterol content in sperm is higher than in caviar in 19.6 times, and phospholipids almost doubled. With increasing age, the Gyordy Ratio for caviar decreases, for sperm it increases, the percentage of caviar fertilization increases. As the body age metabolism deteriorates, cellular permeability decreases (the ratio of lecithin and cholesterol changes significantly). At the same time, the permeability of cells in different organs and tissues varies and depends on living conditions, especially feeding and to some extent on the origin. In fish the gross productivity decreases as growth slows down and more energy is spent on adaptation to environmental conditions.

Determination of Antioxidant Activities and Bioactive Components of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Samonsabar)

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare

World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 80% of the population of developing countries use traditional medicines, mostly natural plant products, for their primary health care needs. In the past few decades, the medicinal value of plants has been assumed more important dimension owing largely to the discovery that extracts from plants contain not only primary metabolites but also a diverse array of secondary metabolites with antioxidant potential. Medicinal plants are potential sources of natural compounds with biological activities and therefore attract the attention of researchers worldwide. Antioxidants are vital substances which possess ability to protect the body from damage due to free radical-induced oxidative stress. The purpose of current study was to determine the antioxidant activities and bioactive components of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) (Samonsabar) seeds by using UV Visible Spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Aqueous extract of fennel seeds showed more antioxidant activity (IC50: 0.28 ug/ml) than ethanolic extract (IC50: 0.83 ug/ml) and comparable to standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid (IC50: 0.59 ug/ml). GC-MS analysis was fruitful in identification of compounds based on peak area, retention time, molecular formula, molecular weight, MS Fragmentions and pharmacological actions. Ten bioactive phytochemical compounds from aqueous extracts and 11 from ethanolic extract of fennel seeds were identified. These findings indicated that fennel seeds are potential to provide preventive properties against oxidative damage. These results will give scientific information for quality control of indigenous drug to herbal medicine users and local practitioners using fennel for different types of ailments

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