scholarly journals The role of Helicobacter pylori in complex human comorbidity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sergeeva ◽  
V. Shkarin ◽  
O. Kovalishena
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Somatic Diseases

One of the main features of modern medicine is the fact that most somatic diseases lose their mononosological character, acquiring the status of comorbidity. Comorbidity has become a separate research area in various specialties of medicine and is currently being formalized into a system of knowledge about the patterns of combination of diseases. With regard to infectious pathology, the term "comorbidity" is rarely mentioned. In the conventional sense, comorbidity is understood as a combination of two or more diseases in a patient at the same time.In our opinion, the term "comorbidity" can be applied from the standpoint of the simultaneous combination of somatic and infectious diseases, but with a certain addition. In particular, it can be used in relation to somatic pathology with simultaneous combination with both monoinfection and polyetiologic. This is "complex comorbidity", which should be understood as "a complex pathological condition of a person, characterized by a simultaneous or sequential combination of psychosomatic and infectious pathology. It can take place when one or more infectious diseases are combined in combination with psychosomatic nosologies consisting of one or more units. "Over the past decade, a significant number of works have appeared on the role of H. pylori in the etiology and pathogenesis of a large number of somatic diseases. H. pylori plays in the development of many diseases - both associated with the stomach and determining the damage to other organs and systems. The clinical significance of this infection is determined by its leading role in the formation of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, MALT lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma. There is good evidence for the association of H. pylori infection with idiopathic iron deficiency anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. The clinical aspects of H. pylori infection are heterogeneous and include a wide range of pathologies, the evidence base for which at both the pathogenetic and clinical levels continues to expand.

scholarly journals Purinergic Signaling and Related Biomarkers in Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Bartoli ◽  
Geoffrey Burnstock ◽  
Cristina Crocamo ◽  
Giuseppe Carrà
Keyword(s):  
Purinergic Signaling ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
P2x7 Receptors ◽  
Purinergic System ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adenosine Antagonist

It is established that purinergic signaling can shape a wide range of physiological functions, including neurotransmission and neuromodulation. The purinergic system may play a role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders, influencing neurotransmitter systems and hormonal pathways of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Treatment with mood stabilizers and antidepressants can lead to changes in purinergic signaling. In this overview, we describe the biological background on the possible link between the purinergic system and depression, possibly involving changes in adenosine- and ATP-mediated signaling at P1 and P2 receptors, respectively. Furthermore, evidence on the possible antidepressive effects of non-selective adenosine antagonist caffeine and other purinergic modulators is reviewed. In particular, A2A and P2X7 receptors have been identified as potential targets for depression treatment. Preclinical studies highlight that both selective A2A and P2X7 antagonists may have antidepressant effects and potentiate responses to antidepressant treatments. Consistently, recent studies feature the possible role of the purinergic system peripheral metabolites as possible biomarkers of depression. In particular, variations of serum uric acid, as the end product of purinergic metabolism, have been found in depression. Although several open questions remain, the purinergic system represents a promising research area for insights into the molecular basis of depression.

scholarly journals Dietary Composition Influences Incidence of Helicobacter pylori-Induced Iron Deficiency Anemia and Gastric Ulceration

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 3338-3349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber C. Beckett ◽  
M. Blanca Piazuelo ◽  
Jennifer M. Noto ◽  
Richard M. Peek ◽  
M. Kay Washington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Gastric Ulceration ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Content Type ◽  
H Pylori

Epidemiologic studies have provided conflicting data regarding an association betweenHelicobacter pyloriinfection and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in humans. Here, a Mongolian gerbil model was used to investigate a potential role ofH. pyloriinfection, as well as a possible role of diet, inH. pylori-associated IDA. Mongolian gerbils (eitherH. pyloriinfected or uninfected) received a normal diet or one of three diets associated with increasedH. pylorivirulence: high-salt, low-iron, or a combination of a high-salt and low-iron diet. In an analysis of all infected animals compared to uninfected animals (independent of diet),H. pylori-infected gerbils had significantly lower hemoglobin values than their uninfected counterparts at 16 weeks postinfection (P< 0.0001). The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and serum ferritin values were significantly lower inH. pylori-infected gerbils than in uninfected gerbils, consistent with IDA. Leukocytosis and thrombocytosis were also detected in infected gerbils, indicating the presence of a systemic inflammatory response. In comparison to uninfected gerbils,H. pylori-infected gerbils had a higher gastric pH, a higher incidence of gastric ulcers, and a higher incidence of fecal occult blood loss. Anemia was associated with the presence of gastric ulceration but not gastric cancer. Infected gerbils consuming diets with a high salt content developed gastric ulcers significantly more frequently than gerbils consuming a normal-salt diet, and the lowest hemoglobin levels were in infected gerbils consuming a high-salt/low-iron diet. These data indicate thatH. pyloriinfection can cause IDA and that the composition of the diet influences the incidence and severity ofH. pylori-induced IDA.

ALCOHOL ABUSE AS AN UNDERESTIMATED CAUSE OF NON-TRAUMATIC OSTEONECROSIS OF THE FEMORAL HEAD (DESCRIPTION OF CLINICAL CASES)

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Inna Yu. Bashkova ◽  
Igor V. Madyanov
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Causal Factor ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rule Sets ◽  
Somatic Diseases ◽  
Clinical Cases

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a severe degenerative-dystrophic disease, which is characterized by the destruction of the bone substance in the head in the most vulnerable (loaded) parts. Due to a rapid progression in the absence of proper surgical treatment, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, as a rule, results in disability. There is a wide range of causes that cause the development of osteonecrosis. According to the authors, alcohol abuse should be attributed to the underestimated causal factors of this pathology. The article presents two clinical observations which convincingly demonstrate the role of alcohol abuse as a cause of osteonecrosis. In a 44-year-old man prolonged alcohol abuse led to a progressive (within a year) advance of osteonecrosis in the heads of both femurs, and in a 26-year-old woman, along with a short-term intake of glucocorticoids, it contributed to the formation of multifocal non-traumatic osteonecrosis with damage to the pelvic, right knee, shoulder joints. The authors explain underestimated role of alcohol abuse as a causal factor of osteonecrosis as follows. Firstly, patients, as a rule, try not to display their addiction, and therefore, unlike other predictors of developing femoral bone osteonecrosis (injuries, serious somatic diseases, taking glucocorticoids), this fact is not reflected in medical documentation. Secondly, patients with idiopathic forms of osteonecrosis often do not have an "assigned" doctor who could dynamically follow up the patient and, consequently, monitor more carefully his condition and risk factors for osteonecrosis. When consulting such a patient, a subspecialist, as a rule, sets himself the task first of all to exclude "his disease", which makes the patient vulnerable in terms of finding out the causes of osteonecrosis. These clinical cases demonstrate the need to take into account alcohol abuse as a significant causal factor in the development of osteonecrosis.

scholarly journals Suppressor T Cells in Human Diseases

2004 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Baecher-Allan ◽  
David A. Hafler
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Peripheral Tolerance ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Suppressor T Cells ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Human Immune

Although central and peripheral tolerance are important for the regulation of human immune responses to self- and microbial antigens, an important role of suppressor CD4+ CD25+ T cells is suggested from the recent investigations of human autoimmune diseases and HIV. These new data provide increasing evidence that altered function of CD4+ CD25+ T cells may be an important factor in a wide range of human inflammatory and infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Interleukin-12 in infectious diseases.

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Romani ◽  
P Puccetti ◽  
F Bistoni
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Th1 Cell ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Human Infections

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a potent immunoregulatory cytokine that is crucially involved in a wide range of infectious diseases. In several experimental models of bacterial, parasitic, viral, and fungal infection, endogenous IL-12 is required for early control of infection and for generation and perhaps maintenance of acquired protective immunity, directed by T helper type 1 (Th1) cells and mediated by phagocytes. Although the relative roles of IL-12 and gamma interferon in Th1-cell priming may be to a significant extent pathogen dependent, common to most infections is that IL-12 regulates the magnitude of the gamma interferon response at the initiation of infection, thus potentiating natural resistance, favoring Th1-cell development; and inhibiting Th2 responses. Treatment of animals with IL-12, either alone or as a vaccine adjuvant, has been shown to prevent disease by many of the same infectious agents, by stimulating innate resistance or promoting specific reactivity. Although IL-12 may enhance protective memory responses in vaccination or in combination with antimicrobial chemotherapy, it is yet unclear whether exogenous IL-12 can alter established responses in humans. Continued investigation into the possible application of IL-12 therapy to human infections is warranted by the role of the cytokine in inflammation, immunopathology, and autoimmunity.

scholarly journals THE FUTURE OF CORRUPTION IN THE ERA OF CASHLESS SOCIETY

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 454-458
Author(s):  
Omar Alaeddin ◽  
Rana Altounjy ◽  
Naziruddin Abdullah ◽  
Zalina Zainudin ◽  
Mazhar Hallak Kantakji
Keyword(s):  
Current Trend ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Online News ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Conceptual Paper

Purpose of Study: This paper aims to further understand the role of a cashless society in eradicating the corruption throughout the eliminating the usage of cash. Methodology: The method used for this conceptual paper is based on a wide range of literature reviews from journal articles, thesis proceedings and conferences, books and online news which are related to the keywords and research area. Results: Battling the corruption by enforcing the cashless society been introduced as sophisticated method to reduce the possibility of taking bribes while everything will be recorded. This way came under light after been applied by the central bank of Nigeria in 2012 to reduce the corruption and has also been used in India to overcome the issue of counterfeit notes in 2016. Meanwhile as the information age considered a historic period in the 21st century, introducing the cashless society comes in compatible with the current trend of digitizing all the monetary system. This paper concluded the main factors can help the cashless to curb the corruption and proposed new topics for future studies.

scholarly journals Extra-Gastric Manifestations of Helicobacter pylori Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3887
Author(s):  
Antonietta G. Gravina ◽  
Kateryna Priadko ◽  
Paola Ciamarra ◽  
Lucia Granata ◽  
Angela Facchiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
Neurologic Diseases ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative flagellated microorganism that has been extensively studied since its first isolation due to its widespread diffusion and association with numerous diseases. While the bacterium is proved to be a causative factor for a number of gastric diseases such as gastritis, gastric adenocarcinoma, and MALT-lymphoma, its role at other gastrointestinal levels and in other systems is being thoroughly studied. In this article, we reviewed the latest published clinical and laboratory studies that investigated associations of H. pylori with hematologic diseases such as Vitamin B12- and iron-deficiency anemia, primary immune thrombocytopenia, and with a number of dermatologic and ophthalmic diseases. In addition, the putative role of the bacterium in inflammatory bowel diseases, esophageal disorders, metabolic, diseases, neurologic diseases and allergy were outlined.

scholarly journals Dietary fibre and health in children and adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A. Edwards ◽  
Chengru Xie ◽  
Ada L. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The role of dietary fibre in promoting sustained health has been studied for several decades and in adults there is good evidence that diets rich in high-fibre foods reduce the risk of chronic diseases, including CVD and cancer. Research in this area, however, has been hampered by uncertainties about the definition of dietary fibre which has resulted in many studies measuring fibre in different ways. There is also a wide range of properties and actions of different fibres in the human body, depending on their solubility, viscosity and fermentability by the colonic microbiota. This review considers the epidemiological evidence for dietary fibre and health in children and the current dietary recommendations and measured intakes in several countries using national surveys. In children and adolescents, there is a particular lack of relevant research on which to formulate appropriate dietary fibre recommendations and these are often based on extrapolation from adult data. However, children are not little adults and have differing physiology and nutritional needs as they grow. The dietary recommendations in different countries are based on varying premises and daily amounts. Intakes vary from country to country and on the whole do not meet recommendations. Much more research is needed in children to fully understand the impact of dietary fibre on growth and health in the young to allow more appropriate recommendations to be made.

scholarly journals Elucidating the Role of Heat Shock Protein in Diabetic Retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 14196-14224
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Chronic Disorder ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Therapeutic Opportunity ◽  
Clinical Biomarker ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Timely Treatment

The rising world-wide health and the economic burden were caused by diabetes and associated complications. Cataract genesis and retinopathy are eye-catching forms of diabetes, which are the most important cause of blindness in the workforce. Notwithstanding various research and recent advances, it is still important to thoroughly elucidate the disease's exact pathophysiology and establish new and effective treatment methods for this chronic disorder. Highly preserved protein families (HSPs) act as defensive moles, which play a wide range of functions and can be manifested in response to various cell stresses. Numerous recent studies have demonstrated their presence in multiple eye conditions [1], including diabetic retinopathy. Earlier identification and timely treatment of visual DR has reduced visual loss incidence and development. To develop new successful preventative strategies in the early stages of DR, a multidisciplinary approach is needed. Moreover, clinical trials have shown correlations between diabetic complications and altered HSP and anti-HSP circulating levels. This makes HSP a therapeutic opportunity that is exciting and could be useful as a clinical biomarker. However, this research area is still very young, and further studies are needed both in the field of experimental diabetes and in humans to gain a complete understanding of HSP relevance.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles: Role in Inflammatory Responses and Potential Uses in Vaccination in Cancer and Infectious Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Henrique Campos ◽  
Rodrigo Pedro Soares ◽  
Kleber Ribeiro ◽  
André Cronemberger Andrade ◽  
Wagner Luiz Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Membrane Structures ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Almost All

Almost all cells and organisms release membrane structures containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which have a wide range of functions concerning intercellular communication and signaling events. Recently, the characterization and understanding of their biological role have become a main research area due to their potential role in vaccination, as biomarkers antigens, early diagnostic tools, and therapeutic applications. Here, we will overview the recent advances and studies of Evs shed by tumor cells, bacteria, parasites, and fungi, focusing on their inflammatory role and their potential use in vaccination and diagnostic of cancer and infectious diseases.

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