scholarly journals FITOEXTRAÇÃO DE SAIS DO SOLO POR CAPIM-ANGOLA IRRIGADO NO VALE DO SÃO FRANCISCO, PERNAMBUCO

Irriga ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
José Nunes Filho ◽  
Sérvulo Mercier Siqueira e Silva ◽  
Antônio Raimundo De Sousa ◽  
Mina Karasawa ◽  
Venézio Felipe dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
E Mail ◽  
San Martín ◽  
Brachiaria Mutica

FITOEXTRAÇÃO DE SAIS DO SOLO POR CAPIM-ANGOLA IRRIGADO NO VALE DO SÃO FRANCISCO, PERNAMBUCO  JOSÉ NUNES FILHO1; SERVULO MERCIER SIQUEIRA E SILVA2; ANTÔNIO RAIMUNDO DE SOUSA2; MINA KARASAWA2 E VENÉZIO FELIPE DOS SANTOS3 1Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco (IPA), Estação Experimental Lauro Ramos Bezerra, CEP 56700-000, Serra Talhada-PE. E-mail: [email protected] Agronômico de Pernambuco (IPA), Sede, Av. Gal San Martin, 1371, Bongi, CEP 50761-000, Recife-PE. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Agronômico de Pernambuco (IPA), Sede, Av. Gal San Martin, 1371, Bongi, CEP 50761-000, Recife-PE. E-mail: [email protected]  1 RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a extração de sais do solo pelo capim-angola irrigado, submetido a três sistemas de preparo do solo: gradagem, gradagem + subsolagem e gradagem + subsolagem + gessagem. O trabalho foi conduzido na Estação Experimental de Belém do São Francisco do IPA-PE, durante o período de janeiro/2013 a dezembro/2014. A irrigação foi por aspersão fixa com turno de rega de dois dias, aplicando-se 4,0 mm.dia-1. Os valores de produtividade de matéria seca foram maiores para o preparo do solo gradagem + subsolagem, totalizando 50,9 t ha-1ano-1 em seis cortes, realizados a cada 60 dias, assim como o teor de sódio (Na+) na matéria seca total da parte aérea que foi de 1,67%, superando os demais sistemas de preparo. A quantidade de sais extraídas do solo (762,8 kg ha-1ano-1) superou em 3,5 e 2,1 vezes as áreas com gradagem e gradagem + subsolagem + gessagem, respectivamente. A qualidade da forragem produzida expressa pela percentual de proteína total foi melhor com o preparo gradagem + subsolagem. O pH do solo aumentou, de modo geral, depois do cultivo com capim-angola, onde na profundidade 0 a 30 cm, passou de ligeiramente ácido pH = 5,8 para pH = 6,7, com maior neutralização no preparo de solo gradagem + subsolagem, atingindo pH = 7,0. No sistema de preparo de solo gradagem e gradagem + subsolagem o capim-angola propiciou as maiores reduções na salinidade do solo com valores de 88,0 e 86,1%, respectivamente, em relação à salinidade antes do cultivo. Houve uma melhoria expressiva do nível de sais solúveis que antes era fortemente salino, para 2,4 dS m-1, ligeiramente salino, depois do cultivo desta forrageira. Palavras-chave: Brachiaria mutica, recuperação, solos salinos.  NUNES FILHO, J., SILVA, S. M. S. e; SOUSA, A. R.; KARASAWA, M; SANTOS, V. F. dosPHYTOEXTRACTION OF SALT IN SOIL BY ANGOLA GRASS IRRIGATED IN SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY, PERNAMBUCO STATES, BRAZIL     2 ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the extraction of soil salts in angola grass irrigated, under three soil preparation systems: disking, disking + subsoiling  and disking + subsoiling + gypsum. The work was conducted in Experimental Station of Belém São Francisco IPA-PE during the period January/2013 to December/2014. Was used the sprinkler irrigation with two days irrigation interval, applied 4.0 mm/day. The dry matter yields were higher for soil preparation disking + subsoiling, totaling 50.9 t/ha/year in 06 cuts, every 60 days, as well as the sodium (Na+) in the dry matter of the shoot plant which was 1.67%, exceeding the other soil preparation systems. The amount of salts extracted from the soil (762.8 kg/ha/year) was higher by 3.5 and 2.1 times the areas with disking and disking + subsoiling + gypsum, respectively. The quality of forage produced expressed by the percentage of total protein was better with the disking + subsoiling preparation. The pH of the soil increased, in general, after the growing angola grass, where the depth 0 to 30 cm, was a slightly acid pH = 5.8 to pH = 6.7 with greater neutralization the soil preparation system of disking + subsoiling, reaching pH = 7.0. In the preparation disking + subsoiling the Angola grass provided the greatest reductions in soil salinity with 88.0 and 86.1% values, respectively, in relation to salinity before cultivation. There was a significant improvement of soluble salts level that was once strongly saline for 2.4 dS.m-1, slightly saline, after the cultivation of this grass. Keywords: Brachiaria mutica, recuperation, saline soils. 

scholarly journals Evaluating Ways to Reduce the Harmful Effects of Irrigating Nursery Crops with Water High in Soluble Salts

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-89
Author(s):  
A.M. Iles ◽  
J.E. Klett
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Nursery Crops ◽  
City Water ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Quality Of Irrigation Water

The effects of watering technique on container grown Lonicera tatarica L. ‘Zabelii’ and Philadelphus x virginalis Rehd. irrigated with water high in soluble salts were investigated during the 1982 and 1983 growing seasons. Hand, mini-sprinkling, and sprinkler irrigation were compared. The quality of irrigation water used in this experiment included: A) EC 0.12 mmhos/cm, pH 6.6, SAR 0.3 (city water); B) EC 1.42 mmhos/cm, pH 7.5, SAR 2.0; and C) EC 2.48 mmhos/cm, pH 7.8, SAR 2.9. Mini-sprinkling resulted in significantly greater growth of Philadelphus x virginalis when compared to sprinkler irrigation. This increase in growth was attributed to greater media moisture, prevention of leaf contact with irrigation water, and the possible leaching of salts by the spotspitter type of mini-sprinkling utilized.

scholarly journals FERTIRRIGAÇÃO E FERTILIZANTES DE LIBERAÇÃO GRADUAL PARA A IMPLANTAÇÃO DE GRAMADO ESPORTIVO

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-201
Author(s):  
Luciana Maira Tibães Kamimura ◽  
Leandro José Grava de Godoy ◽  
Roberto Lyra Villas Boas
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Color Index ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Gradual Release

FERTIRRIGAÇÃO E FERTILIZANTES DE LIBERAÇÃO GRADUAL PARA  A IMPLANTAÇÃO DE GRAMADO ESPORTIVO   LUCIANA MAIRA TIBÃES KAMIMURA¹; LEANDRO JOSÉ GRAVA DE GODOY² E ROBERTO LYRA VILLAS BÔAS1   ¹Departamento de Ciências Florestal, Solos e Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Avenida Universitária, nº 3780, Altos do Paraíso, CEP 18610-034 –Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]. ²Campus Experimental de Registro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Nelson Brihi Badur 430, Vila Tupy, 11900-000 Registro – SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   O gramado esportivo requer cuidados para apresentar bom desenvolvimento e “jogabilidade”. O tipo de fertilizante e a forma de aplicação deste, interferem diretamente em sua qualidade. O objetivo com o presente trabalho foi de avaliar a adubação com fertilizantes de liberação gradual ou a fetirrigação, na implantação de gramado esportivo. O experimento foi em Botucatu, SP. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, com grama zoysia Zeon e bermuda Celebration, como parcela principal, e cinco manejos de adubação (sem adubação; fertirrigação; com fertilizantes convencionais; com fertilizante de liberação lenta; com fertilizante de liberação controlada), nas subparcelas, de janeiro a junho de 2018. As características avaliadas foram: taxa de cobertura verde, índice de coloração verde escuro, índice de grama, altura do gramado, fitomassa da matéria seca das aparas, do estolão, rizoma e da raiz, e número de cortes. A grama Zeon apresentou maior taxa de cobertura verde e maior acúmulo de fitomassa de estolões e rizomas que a Celebration. A grama Celebration apresentou maior índice de grama e de cor verde escuro que a Zeon. O manejo com fertilizante convencional proporcionou os maiores valores das características de crescimento nas duas espécies, contudo exigiu mais mão de obra.   Palavras-chave: adubação, Zoysia, bermuda, campos esportivos.     KAMIMURA, L. M. T.; GODOY, L. J. G.; VILLAS BÔAS, R. L. FERTIGATION AND GRADUAL RELEASE OF FERTILIZERS FOR PLANTING OF SPORTS TURFGRASS     2 ABSTRACT   Sports turfgrass requires care to show good development and "playability". The type of fertilizer and the way of application of this fertilizer directly interfere with its quality. The objective of the present work was to evaluate fertilizers of gradual liberation (slow or controlled) and fertigation in order to obtain higher quality of sport turfgrass. The experiment was conducted in Botucatu, SP, Brazil. The design was in randomized blocks, in subdivided plots, with Zeon and Celebration turf, as main plot, and five managements of fertilization (1. without fertilization, 2. fertigation, 3. fertilization with conventional fertilizers, 4. fertilization with fertilizer and 5. fertilization with controlled release fertilizer), in the subplots, and four replications, from January to June. The results were evaluated using the Green Index Rate, Dark Green Color Index, Grass Index, turfgrass height, Dry matter Phytomass, stolon, rhizome and root dry matter, root length and number of mowing. Zeon grass presented higher green cover rate, as well as higher dry matter accumulation of stolons and rhizomes than Celebration. Celebration grass presented grass index and dark green color index higher than those of Zeon. Management with conventional fertilizer provided the highest values of growth characteristics of the two species, but required more cuts and labor for application.   Keywords: fertilization, zoyziagrass, bermudagrass, sports fields.

scholarly journals Calidad nutricional de la planta de sorgo negro forrajero (Sorghum almum) para alimentación animal.

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ana Lorena Amador ◽  
Carlos Boschini
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The University ◽  
Different Growth Stages

The purpose of this study was to determine the phenological development and the nutritional quality of Sorghum almun during different growth stages. The seed was cultivated in the Alfredo Volio Mata Experimental Station of the University of Costa Rica. Eighteen kg of 88% germinal seed per hectare were planted. The first sample was taken 24 days after sprouting and every 14 days thereafter, up to 150 days. The production of biomass of the stems, leaves and ears of grain were measured and the amounts (content) of dry mater matter, crude protein, total ashes, neutral fiber and detergent acid, hemicellulosa, cellulose and lignin were determined. During the first 52 days of growth, the output of leaves was higher than that of stems. On the 57th day, a yield of 1395 kg of dry matter per hectare, 50% leaves and 50% stems, was estimated. The ears of grain appeared after 94 days, contributing 50kg per hectare of dry matter. The concentration of dry matter in the leaves was highest from the moment of sprouting to the 136th day. The content of crude protein in the leaves was always superior to that in the stems. In the leaves the crude protein diminished 16%-28% between the 38th and 150th day of growth. In the same period, the crude protein in the stem diminished 5%-18%, and in the whole plant 8%-26%. The neutral fiber and detergent acid in the leaves and the stems were less than 60% during the first two months of growth and more than 70% in the latter period.

scholarly journals PRODUTIVIDADE E QUALIDADE TECNOLÓGICA DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR SUBMETIDA A DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO E DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO

Irriga ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-53
Author(s):  
Andréa Raquel Fernandes Carlos da Costa ◽  
Mário Monteiro Rolim ◽  
Djalma Elsébio Simões Neto ◽  
Manassés Mesquita Da Silva ◽  
Gerônimo Ferreira Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Water Depths

PRODUTIVIDADE E QUALIDADE TECNOLÓGICA DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR SUBMETIDA A DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO E DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO     ANDRÉA RAQUEL FERNANDES CARLOS DA COSTA1; MÁRIO MONTEIRO ROLIM2; DJALMA EUSÉBIO SIMÕES NETO3; MANASSÉS MESQUITA DA SILVA4; GERÔNIMO FERREIRA DA SILVA5 E ELVIRA MARIA RÉGIS PEDROSA6    1 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, UFRPE, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: 52171-900, Recife-PE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, UFRPE, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: 52171-900, Recife-PE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Estação Experimental de Cana-de-Açúcar, UFRPE, Rua Ângela Cristina C. P. de Luna, s/n, Novo, CEP: 55914-030, Carpina-PE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, UFRPE, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: 52171-900, Recife-PE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, UFRPE, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: 52171-900, Recife-PE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 6 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, UFRPE, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: 52171-900, Recife-PE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   Dentre os fatores de produção, a irrigação e a adubação nitrogenada destacam-se como fundamentais para o aumento de produtividade e qualidade da cana-de-açúcar, assim, objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade e a qualidade tecnológica da cana-de-açúcar (cana-planta) submetida a diferentes lâminas de irrigação e doses de nitrogênio. A pesquisa foi executada em Carpina-PE, na Estação Experimental de Cana-de-Açúcar pertencente a Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Os tratamentos consistiram, em quatro lâminas de irrigação (1498; 1614; 1739 e 1854 mm) e cinco doses de nitrogênio (0; 20; 40; 80 e 120 kg ha-1) arranjados em faixas e delineados em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. As diferentes lâminas de irrigação, associadas às doses crescentes de nitrogênio proporcionaram aumento no rendimento de colmos e açúcar. Os teores de sólidos solúveis e de fibra da cana-de-açúcar diminuíram com o aumento das lâminas de irrigação, independentemente das doses de nitrogênio aplicadas. Os maiores teores de açúcar teórico recuperável e de sacarose no colmo da cana-de-açúcar, foram obtidos com a aplicação da lâmina de 1498 mm associada com a dose de 20 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio.   Palavras-chave: Saccharum spp., rendimento, atributos tecnológicos, irrigação, adubação nitrogenada.     COSTA, A. R. F. C. da; ROLIM, M. M.; SIMÕES NETO, D. E.; SILVA, M. M. da; SILVA, G. F. da; PEDROSA, E. M. R. PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNOLOGICAL QUALITY SUGARCANE SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT WATER DEPTHS AND NITROGEN DOSES     2 ABSTRACT   Among factors that affect production, irrigation and nitrogen fertilization stand out as fundamental to increase productivity and quality of sugarcane, thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate productivity and technological quality of sugarcane (cane-plant) submitted to different water depths and nitrogen doses. The research was carried out in Carpina-PE, at the Experimental Station of Sugarcane belonging to the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco. Treatments consisted of four irrigation depths (1498; 1614; 1739 and 1854 mm) and five nitrogen doses (0; 20; 40; 80 and 120 kg ha-1), arranged in strips and outlined in randomized blocks with four replications. The different irrigation depths associated with increasing doses of nitrogen provided an increase in yield of stalks and sugar. The soluble solids content and sugarcane fiber decreased with increasing water depths, regardless of the applied nitrogen doses. The highest levels of recoverable theoretical sugar and sucrose content in the cane sugarcane were obtained with the application of the 1498 mm irrigation depths associated with the dose of 20 kg ha-1 of nitrogen.   Keywords: Saccharum spp., yield, technological attributes, irrigation, nitrogen fertilization.

Quality of Carrots Grown for Processing as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization and Harvest Term

2009 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Gajewski ◽  
Zenon Węglarz ◽  
Anna Sereda ◽  
Marta Bajer ◽  
Agnieszka Kuczkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Carrot Juice ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Colour Parameters ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Nitrates Content

Quality of Carrots Grown for Processing as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization and Harvest TermIn 2007-2008 the effect of nitrogen fertilization and harvest term on quality of two carrot cultivars was investigated. The field experiment was carried out in Żelazna Experimental Station of Warsaw University of Life Sciences. Karotan F1and Trafford F1cultivars, commonly grown for juice industry, were the objects of the experiment. Carrot seeds were sown at the beginning of May. Nitrogen fertilization was applied in five rates, ranged from 0 to 120 kg·ha-1and in two terms — before sowing and in the middle of growing season. Roots were harvested in three terms: mid-September, mid-October and the first decade of November. After harvest there were determined: nitrates (NO3) content in carrot roots and juice, soluble solids, colour parameters of juice in CIE L*a*b*system. The dose and the term of nitrogen fertilization influenced nitrates content in carrots, and the highest NO3concentration was found in carrots fertilized with 120 kg·ha-1of N before sowing. Karotan showed higher nitrates accumulation than Trafford. The content of nitrates in the roots was markedly higher than in carrot juice. Nitrates content in carrots decreased with delaying of harvest time, in opposite to soluble solids content. Soluble solids content and colour parameters of carrot juice were not affected by nitrogen fertilization, but the lowest L*, a*and b*values were observed at the last term of harvest.

Quality of Service through the Strategic Use of Technology

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Wayne Myles
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
World Wide Web ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Communication Patterns ◽  
Home Pages ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
E Mail

We live under the spectre of never quite getting beyond the last upgrade in our array of new electronic tools. We have become unwittingly tied to an ever-increasing set of demands to learn, relearn, and apply the latest addition to our technological inventory. The advent of e-mail has compressed communication patterns, committing us to “immediate” responses. World Wide Web home pages explode information sources, leaving us floundering for the best hypertext link to follow. Computer databases spin out reports on every imaginable aspect of our work.  How do we feel about our new status as “electronic advisors”? How is our interaction with students faring in all of this? Have we been able to secure more time for students to draw on our experience and knowledge through these labor-saving devices? What has happened to our priorities? Has quality of service to the students kept abreast with the demands of processing ever-increasing amounts of information? 

scholarly journals Chazuta: subnational governments and internationalization of the agro-industrial value chain

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-351
Author(s):  
Alberto Carlo Cajavilca ◽  
Marta Tostes
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
San Martín ◽  
Subnational Governments

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role and contribution of San Martin and Chazuta subnational governments in promoting development and internationalization of the cocoa and chocolate value chain from the stakeholders’ perceptions. This work was based on a qualitative approach in which information triangulation method, information processing with evaluation rubric and WebQDA software were used. The results showed that stakeholders of both value chains perceive that the subnational government’s actions taken to develop and internationalize these value chains are poorly valued and insufficient. Likewise, six internationalization barriers were identified in which two are perceived as the main limitations: low productivity levels and access to innovations and technology. These results contribute to enrich the decision-making process of political authorities and public officials from the San Martin subnational governments. Moreover, they provide information, according to the Peruvian national requirements, on the perceptions needed to rethink and improve the governmental services available, especially productive activities in the rainforest area (Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros, 2015; Wiener Fresco, 2010). This can improve or create new extension services to increase the quality of the Chazuta’s cocoa and chocolate products and to facilitate their entry into more demanding and profitable markets (Shapira, y otros, 2015). Design/methodology/approach This paper has been developed by using a qualitative approach with an exploratory and descriptive scope. The objective was to examine a study case of how subnational governments contribute in the promotion of development and internationalization of agro-industrial value chains as alternatives to illicit crops (Hernandez, Fernandez, & Baptista, 2010). The Chazuta case was selected because it is representative of the region in terms of coca eradication and is located between two regions of high biodiversity – Cordillera Escalera Regional Conservation Area and Cordillera Azul National Park. Findings One of the issues hindering the ability of the Chazuta cocoa and chocolate producers is based on their perception that the subnational governments’ efforts are focused on meeting already-established goals and little emphasis is placed on solving productive problems. On the other hand, at an articulation level, the most relevant efforts have been connecting the cocoa and chocolate customers to Chazuta producers through events. In spite of this, such events are not considered a permanent activity and the producers do not perceive that these mechanisms enable them to maintain these long-term trade relationships. This can be explained by the fact that Chazuta cocoa and chocolate organizations recognize that they still have incipient productive capacities to meet the foreign market’s demand. Furthermore, associations, cooperatives and SMEs are not able to maintain constant levels of production quality, except the family-based business. Knowledge and techniques provided by subnational governments and private organizations are not fully used or implemented by the associations’ members. This low level of knowledge application can be explained by cultural factors and also because the producers receive multiple and sometimes contradictory information from various providers of technology extension services. This leads to inadequate use or non-implementation of productivity improvements, thus generating a virtuous circle in which production and quality of the goods remain at low levels, which hinders their entry into demanding and profitable markets. Research limitations/implications This paper has been developed with a qualitative approach considering an exploratory and descriptive scope. Chazuta case was selected because it is representative of the region in terms of eradication achievements and it is located between two regions of high biodiversity. A rubric is an evaluation method of individuals or organizations performance, taking into consideration the evaluator’s pre-established criteria to determine if the objectives and goals are being met. Based on these criteria, evidence and performance information is collected. Following, performance is graded based on the researcher’s predetermined criteria and finally a merit-based judgment is made on the performance. Practical implications The results contribute to enrich decision making of political authorities and public officials from San Martin subnational governments. They provide information, according to Peruvian national requirements, on the perceptions needed to rethink and improve provided government services, especially in rainforest area productive activities. This adds up to improvement or creation of new extension services to increase the quality of Chazuta’s cocoa and chocolate products, and to facilitate their entry into more demanding and profitable markets. Social implications The situation of San Martín region and Chazuta district is contextualized and emphasis is given to socioeconomic conditions and the value of cocoa as an alternative crop to coca. From 1980 to early 2000, Peru lived a period of generalized violence due to narcoterrorism, which had large-scale outreach in southern highland and rainforest areas. To deal with this situation, subnational governments in collaboration with international cooperation decided to consolidate agro-industrial value chains in order to generate legal income for rural populations. For this purpose, alternative crop policies were implemented and San Martin region achieved the best results. Originality/value This fieldwork was carried out as part of the undergraduate thesis but after fieldwork, with the use of online software tool WebQDA, codes were created to systematize and quantify the collected information in the content manager. The codes were created taking into account assessment and evaluation variables. Each value represented a code referred to a performance level as perceived by Chazuta cocoa and chocolate value chains stakeholders.

scholarly journals Silicon attenuates calcium deficiency by increasing ascorbic acid content, growth and quality of cabbage leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Lopes da Silva ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Luis Felipe Lata Tenesaca ◽  
José Lucas Farias da Silva ◽  
Ben-Hur Mattiuz
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Ca Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Water Loss ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

AbstractCalcium (Ca) deficiency in cabbage plants induces oxidative damage, hampering growth and decreasing quality, however, it is hypothesized that silicon (Si) added to the nutrient solution may alleviate crop losses. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating whether silicon supplied in the nutrient solution reduces, in fact, the calcium deficiency effects on cabbage plants. In a greenhouse, cabbage plants were grown using nutrient solutions with Ca sufficiency and Ca deficiency (5 mM) without and with added silicon (2.5 mM), arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial in randomized blocks, with five replications. At 91 days after transplanting, the plants were harvested for biological evaluations. In the treatment without added Si, Ca deficiency promoted oxidative stress, low antioxidant content, decreased dry matter, and lower quality leaf. On the other hand, added Si attenuated Ca deficiency in cabbage by decreasing cell extravasation while increasing both ascorbic acid content and fresh and dry matter, providing firmer leaves due to diminished leaf water loss after harvesting. We highlighted the agronomic importance of Si added to the nutrient solution, especially in crops at risk of Ca deficiency.

scholarly journals Preferences of Canadian Patients and Physicians for Treatment of HR+/HER2− Advanced Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 491-508
Author(s):  
Daniel Stellato ◽  
Marroon Thabane ◽  
Caitlin Eichten ◽  
Thomas E. Delea
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Advanced Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Advanced Breast ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Patient Advocacy Group ◽  
Treatment Alternatives ◽  
E Mail

(1) Background: Past research suggests that patients with advanced breast cancer prefer treatments with improved clinical outcomes and lower risk of side effects. Evidence on preferences of Canadian patients and physicians for treatments for advanced breast cancer is limited. (2) Methods: Patients’ and physicians’ preferences for treatments for HR+/HER2−, pre-/peri-menopausal advanced breast cancer were assessed by an online discrete choice experiment (DCE). Treatment alternatives were characterized by seven attributes regarding dosing, efficacy, and toxicities, with levels corresponding to those for ribociclib plus a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (NSAI), NSAI, and tamoxifen. For patients, impacts of advanced breast cancer on quality of life (QOL) and ability to work/perform activities of daily living also were assessed. Patients were recruited by a Canadian breast cancer patient advocacy group through email and social media. Physicians were recruited by email. (3) Results: Among 118 patients starting the survey, 23 completed ≥ 1 DCE question (19%). Among 271 physicians who were sent the e-mail invitation, 21 completed ≥ 1 DCE question (8%). For both patients and physicians, the increased probability of remaining alive and without cancer progression over 2 years was the most important attribute. A treatment with attributes consistent with ribociclib plus NSAI was chosen by patients and physicians in 70% and 88% of the time, respectively. A substantial proportion of patients reported worrying about future diagnostic tests and their cancer getting worse; (4) Conclusions: Canadian patients and physicians are generally concordant in preference for advanced breast cancer treatments, preferring ribociclib plus NSAI to other options.

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