scholarly journals CULTIVO DA ERVA SAL FERTIRRIGADO COM EFLUENTE DA PISCICULTURA DE VIVEIROS PREENCHIDOS COM REJEITO DA DESSALINIZAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nildo Da Silva Dias ◽  
ROSANA NOGUEIRA FERNANDES DE QUEIROZ ◽  
MIKHAEL RANGEL DE SOUZA MELO ◽  
CLEYTON DOS SANTOS FERNANDES ◽  
JAYNY MYRELLE CHAGAS DE FREITAS
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Atriplex Nummularia ◽  
Na Ions ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Good Percentage

CULTIVO DA ERVA SAL FERTIRRIGADO COM EFLUENTE DA PISCICULTURA DE VIVEIROS PREENCHIDOS COM REJEITO DA DESSALINIZAÇÃO     NILDO DA SILVA DIAS1; ROSANA NOGUEIRA FERNANDES DE QUEIROZ1; MIKHAEL RANGEL DE SOUZA MELO1; CLEYTON DOS SANTOS FERNANDES1 E JAYNY MYRELLE CHAGAS DE FREITAS1   1Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, bairro Costa e Silva, Mossoró - RN, Brasil, CEP: 59625-900. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]     1 RESUMO   No semiárido brasileiro, devido à elevada salinidade da água de poços, tem-se utilizado a dessalinização por osmose reversa para viabilizar o consumo de água potável da população rural. Entretanto, na dessalinização, produz-se, além de água potável, salmoura que, normalmente é descartada no solo ou no corpo hídrico, causando problemas ambientais. Na comunidade Serra Mossoró e o Assentamento rural Santa Elza, beneficiadas com estação de tratamento por osmose reversa, tem aproveitado o rejeito salino em viveiros de criação de tilápias. Porém, esta atividade não reduz a salinidade do rejeito salino e, produz efluente rico em matéria orgânica com alta salinidade. Deste modo, objetivou-se de investigar a produção, a qualidade e o potencial de fitoextração de sais da erva sal (Atriplex nummularia) cultivada em solos fertirrigados com rejeito salino após utilização em viveiro de piscicultura afim reduzir os impactos do descarte do rejeito nos solos. Os resultados mostram que a erva sal produz alto rendimento de fitomassa com bom percentual de proteína bruta quando cultivado em solos fertirrigados com efluente da piscicultura oriundo de rejeito salino de dessalinizadores. A elevada extração de sais pela cultura permite a retirada de íons tóxicos Cl- e Na+ no solo por ocasião da colheita.   Palavras-chave: Recursos hídricos; Reuso; Dessalinização     DIAS, N. S.; QUEIROZ, R. N. F.; MELO, M. R. SOUZA; FERNANDES, C. S.; FREITAS, J. M. C. FERTIRRIGATED WITH PISCICULTURE EFFLUENT FROM VIVEIROS FILLED WITH REJECT BRINE FROM DESALINATION     2 ABSTRACT   In semiarid zone from Brazil due the high-salinity of well water, reverse osmosis has been used to insure drinking water for the rural population. However, in desalination process, it generates drinking water, but also rejects brine that is, normally disposed in soil or water bodies, causing environmental problems. In the Serra Mossoró community and the Santa Elza rural settlement, benefited with desalination plant by reverse osmosis, it has used the reject brine to fillet tilapia nurseries. However, this activity does not reduce the salinity of reject brine and also make effluent that, though organic matter rich, has high-salinity. A study was carried out aiming to evaluate the yield, quality and phytoextractor potential of saltbush plants (Atriplex nummularia) cultivated in soils fertirrigated with reject brine after use in fish farms to reduce impact of land disposal of reject brine from desalination plants on soil. The results show that the saltbush makes phytomass yield high with good percentage of crude protein when fertirrigated effluent from fish farms derived of reject brine from desalination plants. The high salt extraction by the crop allows the removal of toxic Cl- and Na+ ions in the soil at the time harvest.   Keywords: Water resources; Reuse, Desalination.

scholarly journals Modeling solar desalination with reverse osmosis (RO) powered by concentrating solar power (CSP) plan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ahmed Remlaoui ◽  
Hammou Soumia, Bent Abdelkader Nafissa .
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Desalination Plants

This article deals with the desalination of seawater and brackish water, which can deal with the problem of water scarcity that threatens certain countries in the world; it is now possible to meet the demand for drinking water.  Currently,  among  the  various  desalination  processes,  the  reverse  osmosis  technique  is  the  most  used. Electrical energy consumption is the most attractive factor in the cost of operating seawater by reverse osmosis in desalination plants.  Desalination  of  water by  solar  energy  can be  considered  as a  very  important  drinking  water alternative.  For  determining  the  electrical  energy  consumption  of  a  single  reverse  osmosis  module,  we  used  the  System  Advisor  Model  (SAM)  to  determine  the  technical  characteristics  and  costs  of  a  parabolic  cylindrical installation and Reverse Osmosis System Analysis (ROSA) to obtain the electrical power of a single reverse osmosis module. The electrical power of a single module is 4101 KW; this is consistent with the manufacturer's data that this power must be between 3900 kW and 4300 KW. Thus, the energy consumption of the system is 4.92 KWh/m3.Thermal power produced by the solar cylindro-parabolic field during the month of May has the maximum that is 208MWth, and the minimum value during the month of April, which equals 6 MWth. Electrical power produced by the plant varied between 47MWe, and 23.8MWe. The maximum energy was generated during the month of July (1900 MWh) with the maximum energy stored (118 MWh).

Drinking water supply through reverse osmosis desalination plants in Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu, India

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
M. H. Ansari ◽  
P. S. Kelkar ◽  
M. Z. Hasan ◽  
R. Paramasivan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Design Capacity ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Tamil Nadu State ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
Water Problems

The population in Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu State (India) faces potable water scarcity throughout the year in general and acute drinking water problems in lean periods of the year. To mitigate this problem, eleven reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants were installed in problem villages in the district. General performance of these eleven plants and in-depth evaluation of two plants was undertaken to focus attention on the physico-chemical quality of water at various stages of treatment, present status with respect to operation and management (O & M) financial implications and overall management in a rural situation. The study indicated that performance of these RO plants was satisfactory in removing high TDS, though the efficiency deteriorated with time. The average utilization of these RO plants since their installation was 46% as compared to the design capacity, mainly due to non-availability of power in rural areas, time lapsed in repairs of pumps, and non-availability of spares. The average capital cost/m3 and O & M cost/m3 of product water from these eleven plants works out to Rs. 27.40 and Rs. 44.50 respectively; when plants are utilized as per the design capacity. These costs are high and not affordable by the rural population. The RO plants were socially acceptable since the population was satisfied with the treated water quality.

Performance Study of Some Reverse Osmosis Systems for Removal of Uranium and Total Dissolved Solids in Underground Waters of Punjab State, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-476
Author(s):  
Nisha Sharma ◽  
Jaspal Singh ◽  
Barjinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
State Government ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
High Concentrations

Radionuclides (uranium, thorium, radium, radon gas etc.) are found naturally in air, water, soil and rock. Everyday, we ingest and inhale these radionuclides through the air we breathe and through food and water we take. Out of the internal exposure via ingestion of radionuclides, water contributes the major portion. The natural radioactivity of water is due to the activity transfer from bed rock and soils. In our surveys carried out in the past few years, we have observed high concentrations of uranium and total dissolved solids (TDS) in drinking waters of some southern parts of Punjab State exceeding the safe limits recommended by national and international agencies. The main drinking water source is the underground water procured from different depths. Due to the highly saline taste, disorders in their digestive systems and other ailments, people are installing reverse osmosis (RO) systems in their houses. Some RO systems have been installed on commercial basis. The state government is also in the process of installing community RO systems at the village level. As high values of uranium are also undesired and may pose health hazards due to radioactivity and toxicity of uranium, we have conducted a survey in the field to study the performance of various RO systems for removal of uranium and TDS. Water samples from about forty RO systems from Faridkot, Mansa, Bathinda and Amritsar districts of Punjab State were collected and analyzed. Our results show that some RO systems are able to remove more than 99% of uranium in the underground waters used for drinking purposes. TDS values are also reduced considerably to the desired levels. So RO systems can be used to avoid the risk of unduly health problems posed by high concentrations of uranium and TDS in drinking water.

scholarly journals Electrospun Nanostructured Membrane Engineering Using Reverse Osmosis Recycled Modules: Membrane Distillation Application

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1601
Author(s):  
Jorge Contreras-Martínez ◽  
Carmen García-Payo ◽  
Mohamed Khayet
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Rejection Factor ◽  
Nanofibrous Membranes ◽  
Membrane Engineering ◽  
Desalination Plants

As a consequence of the increase in reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants, the number of discarded RO modules for 2020 was estimated to be 14.8 million annually. Currently, these discarded modules are disposed of in nearby landfills generating high volumes of waste. In order to extend their useful life, in this research study, we propose recycling and reusing the internal components of the discarded RO modules, membranes and spacers, in membrane engineering for membrane distillation (MD) technology. After passive cleaning with a sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, these recycled components were reused as support for polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibrous membranes prepared by electrospinning technique. The prepared membranes were characterized by different techniques and, finally, tested in desalination of high saline solutions (brines) by direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). The effect of the electrospinning time, which is the same as the thickness of the nanofibrous layer, was studied in order to optimize the permeate flux together with the salt rejection factor and to obtain robust membranes with stable DCMD desalination performance. When the recycled RO membrane or the permeate spacer were used as supports with 60 min electrospinning time, good permeate fluxes were achieved, 43.2 and 18.1 kg m−2 h−1, respectively; with very high salt rejection factors, greater than 99.99%. These results are reasonably competitive compared to other supported and unsupported MD nanofibrous membranes. In contrast, when using the feed spacer as support, inhomogeneous structures were observed on the electrospun nanofibrous layer due to the special characteristics of this spacer resulting in low salt rejection factors and mechanical properties of the electrospun nanofibrous membrane.

An optimization framework for the design of reverse osmosis desalination plants under food-energy-water nexus considerations

Desalination ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 503 ◽  
pp. 114937
Author(s):  
Marcello Di Martino ◽  
Styliani Avraamidou ◽  
Julie Cook ◽  
Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Food Energy ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Desalination

scholarly journals Environmental Performance of Small-Scale Seawater Reverse Osmosis Plant for Rural Area Water Supply

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Latifah Abdul Ghani ◽  
Nora’aini Ali ◽  
Ilyanni Syazira Nazaran ◽  
Marlia M. Hanafiah
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Seawater Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Desalination Technology ◽  
The Impact

Seawater desalination is an alternative technology to provide safe drinking water and to solve water issues in an area having low water quality and limited drinking water supply. Currently, reverse osmosis (RO) is commonly used in the desalination technology and experiencing significant growth. The aim of this study was to analyze the environmental impacts of the seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plant installed in Kampung Pantai Senok, Kelantan, as this plant was the first installed in Malaysia. The software SimaPro 8.5 together with the ReCiPe 2016 database were used as tools to evaluate the life cycle assessment (LCA) of the SWRO plant. The results showed that the impact of global warming (3.90 kg CO2 eq/year) was the highest, followed by terrestrial ecotoxicity (1.62 kg 1,4-DCB/year) and fossil resource scarcity (1.29 kg oil eq/year). The impact of global warming was caused by the natural gas used to generate the electricity, mainly during the RO process. Reducing the environmental impact can be effectively achieved by decreasing the electricity usage for the seawater desalination process. As a suggestion, electricity generation can be overcome by using a high-flux membrane with other suitable renewable energy for the plant such as solar and wind energy.

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