Drinking water supply through reverse osmosis desalination plants in Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu, India

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
M. H. Ansari ◽  
P. S. Kelkar ◽  
M. Z. Hasan ◽  
R. Paramasivan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Design Capacity ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Tamil Nadu State ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
Water Problems

The population in Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu State (India) faces potable water scarcity throughout the year in general and acute drinking water problems in lean periods of the year. To mitigate this problem, eleven reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants were installed in problem villages in the district. General performance of these eleven plants and in-depth evaluation of two plants was undertaken to focus attention on the physico-chemical quality of water at various stages of treatment, present status with respect to operation and management (O & M) financial implications and overall management in a rural situation. The study indicated that performance of these RO plants was satisfactory in removing high TDS, though the efficiency deteriorated with time. The average utilization of these RO plants since their installation was 46% as compared to the design capacity, mainly due to non-availability of power in rural areas, time lapsed in repairs of pumps, and non-availability of spares. The average capital cost/m3 and O & M cost/m3 of product water from these eleven plants works out to Rs. 27.40 and Rs. 44.50 respectively; when plants are utilized as per the design capacity. These costs are high and not affordable by the rural population. The RO plants were socially acceptable since the population was satisfied with the treated water quality.

scholarly journals Effects of domestic and industrial effluent discharges into the lake and their impact on the drinking water in Pandravedu village, Tamil Nadu, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-231
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Increasing Demand

Increasing demand for water from agriculture, industrial and domestic sectors, resulted in stress on the water resources both from quantity and quality perspectives. Due to urbanization many of the dyeing units have shifted from urban to nearby rural areas. Here safe disposal of untreated effluent from the dyeing units is a challenge and is often let into nearby water bodies. Pandravedu Lake, located in Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu, India is one such case were the present study is carried out. Water samples were collected from twelve locations during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, in pre-cleaned polyethylene cans and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters like pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, nitrate, chloride, fluoride and sulphate following the standard analytical procedures recommended by American Public Health Association (2005).The analytical results indicated that 40% to 70% of samples exceeded the drinking water quality standards prescribed by Bureau of Indian standards (BIS, 2012). Water quality index computed indicate that both the bore wells that supply drinking water to the village falls in very poor category (101 – 150) across three seasons. Correlation analysis indicated that seasonal changes in correlation among the parameters are linked to the fluctuations of wastewater discharge and its characteristics.

scholarly journals Analysis of Nutrient Security Prospects in Rural Tamil Nadu: Nutrient Availability, Nutrient Consumption Status and Way to Attain Nutrient Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
S. Appasmandri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Public Distribution System ◽  
Nutrient Consumption ◽  
Tamil Nadu State ◽  
Availability Assessment

Among the basic needs of life, food possesses ahead of everyone else as it nourishes us and able to stand which leads further activity. Tamil Nadu state is self-sufficient in food production and Nutrient availability assessment also shows the same but the consumption pattern shows inverse pattern to availability because consumption is directly related with income, education, taste and preference, cultural, ethical and etc. Food consumption patterns of rural Tamil Nadu shows that high demand of Public Distribution System (PDS) observed in earlier and gradually decreased over year. Vitamin Thiamine is coming under severe inequality category in rural areas of Tamil Nadu for both 61st and 68 rounds. Goal programming was effectively optimised the nutrient requirement with least cost and optimised to higher level of nutrient status.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence in Tamil Nadu through India's two COVID waves: Evidence on antibody decline following infection and vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Selvavinayagam ◽  
Anavarathan Somasundaram ◽  
Jerard Maria Selvam ◽  
Sabareesh Ramachandran ◽  
Sampath P. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
State Level ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Tamil Nadu State ◽  
Antibody Decline

Three rounds of population-representative serological studies through India's two COVID waves (round 1, 19 October-30 November 2020; round 2, 7-30 April 2021; and round 3, 28 June-7 July, 2021) were conducted at the district-level in Tamil Nadu state (population 72 million). State-level seroprevalence in rounds 1, 2 and 3 were 31.5%, 22.9%, and 67.1%. Estimated seroprevalence implies that at least 22.6 and 48.1 million persons were infected by the 30 November 2020 and 7 July 2021. There was substantial variation across districts in the state in each round. Seroprevalence ranged from 11.1 to 49.8% (round 1), 7.9 to 50.3% (round 2), and 37.8 to 84% (round 3). Seroprevalence in urban areas was higher than in rural areas (35.7 v. 25.7% in round 1, 74.8% v. 64.1% in round 3). Females had similar seroprevalence to males (30.8 v. 30.2% in round 1, 67.5 v. 65.5% in round 3). While working age populations (age 40-49: 31.6%) had significantly higher seroprevalence than the youth (age 18-29: 30.4%) or elderly (age 70+: 26.5%) in round 1, only the gap between working age (age 40-49: 66.7%) and elderly (age 70+: 59.6%) remained significant in round 3. Seroprevalence was greater among those who were vaccinated for COVID (25.7% v. 20.9% in round 2, 80.0% v. 62.3% in round 3). While the decline in seroprevalence from rounds 1 to 2 suggests antibody decline after natural infection, we do not find a significant decline in antibodies among those receiving at least 1 dose of COVID vaccine between rounds 2 and 3.

scholarly journals Novel Integrated Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis System in High Quality Drinking water Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1243-1247
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar S ◽  
R Baskaran
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Concentration Polarization ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Ultra Filtration ◽  
Drinking Water Production

Modernization in water technology plays a major role in ensuring a clean, safe, and feasible supply of drinking water. Enhancing performance in terms of price and quality, flow ability of the plant, sustainable development; integrated membrane processes have been developed. The most crucial issues found in RO applications such as concentration polarization and membranes fouling are reduced by using this integration of membranes. Conventional reverse osmosis filtration has sand and coke filters as pre filters. In this work these pre filters have been replaced by ultra-filtration which ensures undoubtedly the best quality of water despite the quality of feed with low power consumption and chemicals. These integrated systems are the better thing for complete elimination of microorganism and water contaminants in their category of selection. The present work also contributes on water quality analysis for brackish water using both the above desalination membrane technology. This integrated system can be remotely monitored and self-adapted model-based control.

scholarly journals CULTIVO DA ERVA SAL FERTIRRIGADO COM EFLUENTE DA PISCICULTURA DE VIVEIROS PREENCHIDOS COM REJEITO DA DESSALINIZAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nildo Da Silva Dias ◽  
ROSANA NOGUEIRA FERNANDES DE QUEIROZ ◽  
MIKHAEL RANGEL DE SOUZA MELO ◽  
CLEYTON DOS SANTOS FERNANDES ◽  
JAYNY MYRELLE CHAGAS DE FREITAS
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Atriplex Nummularia ◽  
Na Ions ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Good Percentage

CULTIVO DA ERVA SAL FERTIRRIGADO COM EFLUENTE DA PISCICULTURA DE VIVEIROS PREENCHIDOS COM REJEITO DA DESSALINIZAÇÃO     NILDO DA SILVA DIAS1; ROSANA NOGUEIRA FERNANDES DE QUEIROZ1; MIKHAEL RANGEL DE SOUZA MELO1; CLEYTON DOS SANTOS FERNANDES1 E JAYNY MYRELLE CHAGAS DE FREITAS1   1Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, bairro Costa e Silva, Mossoró - RN, Brasil, CEP: 59625-900. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]     1 RESUMO   No semiárido brasileiro, devido à elevada salinidade da água de poços, tem-se utilizado a dessalinização por osmose reversa para viabilizar o consumo de água potável da população rural. Entretanto, na dessalinização, produz-se, além de água potável, salmoura que, normalmente é descartada no solo ou no corpo hídrico, causando problemas ambientais. Na comunidade Serra Mossoró e o Assentamento rural Santa Elza, beneficiadas com estação de tratamento por osmose reversa, tem aproveitado o rejeito salino em viveiros de criação de tilápias. Porém, esta atividade não reduz a salinidade do rejeito salino e, produz efluente rico em matéria orgânica com alta salinidade. Deste modo, objetivou-se de investigar a produção, a qualidade e o potencial de fitoextração de sais da erva sal (Atriplex nummularia) cultivada em solos fertirrigados com rejeito salino após utilização em viveiro de piscicultura afim reduzir os impactos do descarte do rejeito nos solos. Os resultados mostram que a erva sal produz alto rendimento de fitomassa com bom percentual de proteína bruta quando cultivado em solos fertirrigados com efluente da piscicultura oriundo de rejeito salino de dessalinizadores. A elevada extração de sais pela cultura permite a retirada de íons tóxicos Cl- e Na+ no solo por ocasião da colheita.   Palavras-chave: Recursos hídricos; Reuso; Dessalinização     DIAS, N. S.; QUEIROZ, R. N. F.; MELO, M. R. SOUZA; FERNANDES, C. S.; FREITAS, J. M. C. FERTIRRIGATED WITH PISCICULTURE EFFLUENT FROM VIVEIROS FILLED WITH REJECT BRINE FROM DESALINATION     2 ABSTRACT   In semiarid zone from Brazil due the high-salinity of well water, reverse osmosis has been used to insure drinking water for the rural population. However, in desalination process, it generates drinking water, but also rejects brine that is, normally disposed in soil or water bodies, causing environmental problems. In the Serra Mossoró community and the Santa Elza rural settlement, benefited with desalination plant by reverse osmosis, it has used the reject brine to fillet tilapia nurseries. However, this activity does not reduce the salinity of reject brine and also make effluent that, though organic matter rich, has high-salinity. A study was carried out aiming to evaluate the yield, quality and phytoextractor potential of saltbush plants (Atriplex nummularia) cultivated in soils fertirrigated with reject brine after use in fish farms to reduce impact of land disposal of reject brine from desalination plants on soil. The results show that the saltbush makes phytomass yield high with good percentage of crude protein when fertirrigated effluent from fish farms derived of reject brine from desalination plants. The high salt extraction by the crop allows the removal of toxic Cl- and Na+ ions in the soil at the time harvest.   Keywords: Water resources; Reuse, Desalination.

scholarly journals Modeling solar desalination with reverse osmosis (RO) powered by concentrating solar power (CSP) plan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ahmed Remlaoui ◽  
Hammou Soumia, Bent Abdelkader Nafissa .
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Desalination Plants

This article deals with the desalination of seawater and brackish water, which can deal with the problem of water scarcity that threatens certain countries in the world; it is now possible to meet the demand for drinking water.  Currently,  among  the  various  desalination  processes,  the  reverse  osmosis  technique  is  the  most  used. Electrical energy consumption is the most attractive factor in the cost of operating seawater by reverse osmosis in desalination plants.  Desalination  of  water by  solar  energy  can be  considered  as a  very  important  drinking  water alternative.  For  determining  the  electrical  energy  consumption  of  a  single  reverse  osmosis  module,  we  used  the  System  Advisor  Model  (SAM)  to  determine  the  technical  characteristics  and  costs  of  a  parabolic  cylindrical installation and Reverse Osmosis System Analysis (ROSA) to obtain the electrical power of a single reverse osmosis module. The electrical power of a single module is 4101 KW; this is consistent with the manufacturer's data that this power must be between 3900 kW and 4300 KW. Thus, the energy consumption of the system is 4.92 KWh/m3.Thermal power produced by the solar cylindro-parabolic field during the month of May has the maximum that is 208MWth, and the minimum value during the month of April, which equals 6 MWth. Electrical power produced by the plant varied between 47MWe, and 23.8MWe. The maximum energy was generated during the month of July (1900 MWh) with the maximum energy stored (118 MWh).

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Borehole, Pond and Well Water in Kashere Metropolis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir A. Gidado ◽  
Ibrahim Halliru ◽  
Christiana Anawuese Kendeson ◽  
Yusuf Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
High Turbidity

In a bid to ascertain the quality of water for human consumption in Kashere Metropolis, essential physico-chemical parameters were evaluated on samples of drinking water obtained from boreholes, pond and wells located at densely populated areas, labelled as: Kashere cattle market Pond, KP; Kashere cottage Hospital Borehole, HB; Kashere Market Borehole, MB; Federal University, Kashere (FUK) campus Borehole, CB; Kashere cottage Hospital Well, HW; Kashere Market Well, MW and FUK campus Well, CW. Standard procedure for the determination of chemical and physical characteristics of the water samples were used. The results of the investigated parameters in the samples were as follows: ρH 6.61‒7.96, Turbidity 0.0‒2568 FTU, Electrical Conductivity 60.5‒1151 Mhocm-1, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 25.9‒518.0 mgL-1, Ca 0.0033‒0.5446 ppm, Mg 0.0793‒1.2215 ppm, Cd 0.0010‒0.0030 ppm, Zn 0.0024‒0.l054 ppm, Pb 0.0002‒0.0026 ppm and Fe 0.0044‒0.5649 ppm. Except for the concentration of Fe (in CB; 0.5649 ppm), all the analyzed minor and major cations in the water samples were in very low concentration and below the permissible limits of WHO standard guidelines values for drinking water.  It is recommended that, water from the pond should be properly treated before consumption due to its high turbidity.  Also periodic assessment of the quality of drinking water from these water sources should be conducted, to ascertain that they are not contaminated by either or both organic and inorganic pollutants.

scholarly journals Assessment of Quality of Ground Water Body of Neelangarai and Triplicane Area in Chennai, Tamil Nadu in The Post Inundation Circumstances

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rajendran ◽  
C. Mansiya ◽  
M. Shanmuganathan
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical

Abstract Although flood hit the entire part of Chennai, Tamil nadu some three years ago, the quality of water is still found to be worse because of major inundation in these areas. The current inspection deals with the physico-chemical analysis of the ground water samples collected from ten locations in Neelangarai and Triplicane area in Chennai, Tamil Nadu and assessed using Heber Water Quality Index (HWQI) in the post tsunami circumstances. The factors examined were pH, fecal coliform, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and turbidity. In addition to these parameters, pointers like electrical conductivity and salinity were also taken into consideration. The over all HWQI outcomes for all the trials in Neelangarai area were determined between 65.02 and 72.25 and Triplicane area was 66.64 - 70.71, which suggest that all the samples are medium to good in quality and could used for human consumption.

scholarly journals PENGOLAHAN AIR PAYAU MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI MEMBRAN SISTEM OSMOSA BALIK SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN AIR MINUM MASYARAKAT KEPULAUAN SERIBU

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Widayat
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
The People ◽  
Quality Of Water

Kepulauan seribu (Seribu Archipelago) is one of region of north jakarta, the province of DKI Jakarta Raya which is populated by around 18.000 inhabitants. It consists of 111 small islands. Among them, there are about 11 (eleven) islands are stated as the residential:   P. Untung Jawa, P. Tidung Besar, P. Lancang Besar, P. Panggang, P. Pramuka, P. Kelapa I, P. Kelapa II, P. Harapan, P. Sebira. P. Payung dan P. Pari. P. Panggang and P. Kelapa I are the most populated.In relation to the clean water supply, specifically for drinking water/freshwater, mostly is got from the narrow well, rainfall and some water treatment installations that heve been owned by some islands. However, problem arises when the prolong dry season comes as the quality of water in the narrow well decreases significantly, the well water became brackish. In order to cope this problem, the avaibility of sufficient water treatment installations to process brackish water into freshwater is very important. The water treatment installation with reverse osmosis system is one of the most effective alternative in order to provide the freshwater for the people in the islands. The system has also been aplied sufficiently in several islands, such as P. Kelapa I, P. Tidung, P. Pramuka, P. Untung Jawa, P. Panggang dan P. Harapan Kata Kunci : Pengolahan Air payau, Osmosa balik, Air minum.

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