scholarly journals EFICIÊNCIA DA COBERTURA VEGETAL NA REDUÇÃO DAS PERDAS DE ÁGUA E SOLO NO MUNICÍPIO DE IGUATU

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Gebson Pinheiro ◽  
Julio Cesar Neves Dos Santos ◽  
Helba Araújo De Queiroz Palácio ◽  
José Ribeiro De Araújo Neto ◽  
Eunice Maia De Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Volume ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Soil Losses ◽  
Vegetal Cover

EFICIÊNCIA DA COBERTURA VEGETAL NA REDUÇÃO DAS PERDAS DE ÁGUA E SOLO NO MUNICÍPIO DE IGUATU  ANTONIO GEBSON PINHEIRO1; JÚLIO CESAR NEVES DOS SANTOS2; HELBA ARAÚJO DE QUEIROZ3; JOSÉ RIBEIRO DE ARAÚJO NETO4 E EUNICE MAIA DE ANDRADE5 1Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Manuel de Medeiro, s/n, CEP:52171-90, Recife-PE. E-mail: [email protected];2Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro – Campus Uberlândia, Fazenda Sobradinho, s/n, CEP:38400-970, Uberlândia-MG. E-mail: [email protected];3Instituto Federal do Ceará – Campus Iguatu, Rodovia Iguatu / Várzea Alegre km 05, s/n, CEP:63500-000, Iguatu-CE. E-mail: [email protected];4Instituto Federal do Ceará – Campus Iguatu, Rodovia Iguatu / Várzea Alegre km 05, s/n, CEP:63500-000, Iguatu-CE. E-mail:  [email protected];5Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Avenida Minter Hull, s/n, CEP:60455-970, Fortaleza-CE. E-mail: [email protected].  1 RESUMO O estudo sobre as mudanças da cobertura vegetal é de importância primária para o entendimento de possíveis alterações em processos hidrológicos. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da retirada da cobertura vegetal nas perdas de água e solo para diferentes classes de chuvas: < 20 mm, 20 – 60 mm, 60 – 80 mm e > 80 mm. O Estudo foi desenvolvido no município de Iguatu, Ceará. Foram monitoradas duas parcelas de erosão com diferentes manejos: solo exposto e com pastagem. O estudo ocorreu durante os anos de 2011 a 2014. O ano de 2011 caracterizou-se como o de maior volume pluviométrico (1.372 mm). Do total precipitado neste ano, 610 e 724 mm foram perdidos por escoamento superficial nas parcelas de pastagem e solo exposto, respectivamente; com perda de solo de 3.746 e 52.114 kg ha-1. Em 2013 ocorreu o menor somatório pluviométrico (630,8 mm), sendo perdidos por escoamento 85,8 e 313,4 mm e ocasionadas perdas de solo equivalentes a 82 e 12.820 kg ha-1 para as parcelas de pastagem e solo exposto, respectivamente. Tais resultados evidenciam a importância da cobertura vegetal na redução das perdas de água e solo e a forte influência da concentração de chuvas da região nos processos hidrológicos. Palavras-chave: escoamento superficial, classes de chuvas, solo exposto  PINHEIRO, A. G.; SANTOS, J. C. N.; PALÁCIO, H. A. Q.; ARAÚJO NETO, J. R.; ANDRADE, E. MEFFICIENCY OF VEGETABLE COVERAGE IN REDUCING WATER AND SOIL WASTE IN IGUATU MUNICIPALITY  2 ABSTRACT The study on the changes of vegetal cover is of primary importance for the understanding of possible alterations in hydrological processes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of vegetation cover removal on water and soil losses for different rainfall classes: < 20 mm, 20 - 60 mm, 60 - 80 mm and > 80 mm. The study was developed in the city of Iguatu, Ceará. Two erosion plots with different management were monitored: exposed soil and pasture. The study took place during the years 2011 to 2014. The year 2011 was characterized as the one with the highest rainfall volume (1,372 mm). Of the total rainfall during this year, 610 and 724 mm were lost by surface runoff in pasture and exposed soil plots, respectively; with soil loss of 3,746 and 52,114 kg ha-1. In 2013 the lower rainfall total occurred (630.8 mm), with waste due to runoff being 85.8 and 313.4 mm causing soil losses corresponding to 82 and 12,820 ha -1 for pasture and exposed soil plots, respectively. These results highlight the importance of vegetation cover to reduce water and soil losses and the strong influence of rainfall concentration in the region on hydrological processes. Keywords: runoff, rainfall classes, exposed soil

scholarly journals GEOTECNOLOGIAS NA AVALIAÇÃO DE PERDAS DE SOLO

Irriga ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 624-644
Author(s):  
Flávia Luize Pereira De Souza ◽  
Mateus De Campos Leme ◽  
Anderson Antônio Da Conceição Sartori ◽  
Caroline Lourenço Manzato ◽  
Sérgio Campos
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
The City ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Soil Losses

GEOTECNOLOGIAS NA AVALIAÇÃO DE PERDAS DE SOLO     FLÁVIA LUIZE PEREIRA DE SOUZA1; MATEUS DE CAMPOS LEME 2; ANDERSON ANTÔNIO DA CONCEIÇÃO SARTORI 3; CAROLINE LOURENÇO MANZATO4 E SÉRGIO CAMPOS5   ¹ Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Programa de Pós Graduação em Agronomia – Energia na Agricultura, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Avenida Universitária, 3780 – Bairro Altos do Paraíso, CEP: 18610-034, Botucatu – SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Programa de Pós Graduação em Agronomia – Energia na Agricultura, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Avenida Universitária, 3780 – Bairro Altos do Paraíso, CEP: 18610-034, Botucatu – SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Departamento do Centro de Ciências Exatas e Aplicada, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Rua Irmã Arminda, 1050 – Bairro Jardim Brasil, CEP: 17011-160, Bauru – SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Departamento de Ciência Florestal, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência Florestal, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Avenida Universitária, 3780 – Bairro Altos do Paraíso, CEP: 18610-034, Botucatu – SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Programa de Pós Graduação em Agronomia – Energia na Agricultura, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Avenida Universitária, 3780 – Bairro Altos do Paraíso, CEP: 18610-034, Botucatu – SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   A aplicação da Equação Universal de Perda de Solo (EUPS) e de geoprocessamento na análise de sistemas ambientais permite uma estimativa da perda de solo em bacias hidrográficas, favorecendo o zoneamento ambiental e, consequentemente, o planejamento ambiental. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar as perdas de solo e o risco de erosão, por meio do modelo quantitativo EUPS em ambiente SIG, na sub-bacia do Alto Batalha, localizada no município de Bauru (SP). Para o estudo, aplicou-se a metodologia EUPS, que relaciona seis fatores para quantificar o risco de erosão na área, como a erosividade da chuva (R), erodibilidade do solo (K), comprimento da encosta (L), declividade da encosta (S), cobertura vegetal e práticas conservacionistas (CP). Assim, constatou-se que as maiores taxas de perda anual de solo na sub-bacia do Alto Batalha estão correlacionadas com o fator CP, principalmente na classe da agricultura e área exposta, o que justifica o manejo inadequado e o aumento das perdas de solo. A equação EUPS, utilizada na estimativa de perdas de solo, permitiu a classificação do grau de erodibilidade (K) na área. Assim, inferiu-se que a sub-bacia do Alto Batalha exige cuidados quanto ao controle dos processos erosivos.   Palavras-chave: solo, manejo, planejamento ambiental, erosão.     SOUZA, F. L. P.; LEME, M. C.; SARTORI, A. A. C.; MANZATO, C. L. E CAMPOS, S. GEOTECHNOLOGIES IN SOIL LOSS EVALUATION         2 ABSTRACT   The application of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and geoprocessing in the analysis of environmental systems, allows an estimation of soil loss in watersheds favoring environmental zoning and, consequently, environmental planning. Therefore the aim was to evaluate soil losses and erosion risk by means of USLE quantitative model in GIS environment in Alto Batalha river Sub-basin located in the city of Bauru (SP). For the study, the USLE methodology was applied, which lists six factors to quantify the erosion risk in the area, like rain erosion (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length (L), declivity of the slope (S), vegetation cover and conservation practices (CP). Thus, it was found that the highest rates of annual soil loss in Alto Batalha Sub-Basin are correlated with the CP factor, mainly in areas of  agriculture and exposed areas, which justifies inadequate management and increasing soil losses. The USLE equation used in the estimation of soil losses allowed the classification of the degree of erodibility (K) in the area. Therefore, it was inferred that Alto Batalha Sub-basin requires care, regarding the control of erosive processes.   Keywords: ground, management, environmental planning, erosion.

Detection and representation of the basic peculiarities of vegetation cover by the mapping method (experience based on a research of goltsy-taiga territories)

2013 ◽  
pp. 32-47
Author(s):  
S. V. Osipov
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Vegetation Changes ◽  
Large Classes ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Third ◽  
Altitudinal Belts ◽  
The One ◽  
Dynamic Series ◽  
River Valleys

Geobotanical mapping of the territory in riverheads Bureya of 4500 sq.km is carried out and the map of a actual vegetation cover of scale 1 : 200 000 is prepared. The legend of the map is presented in the form of the text with three-level hierarchy of classes. At the heart of structure of a legend of the map such regularities of a vegetation cover, as its latitudinal zonality / altitudinal belts, situation in a relief and dynamic series lie. The largest divisions of the legend reflect, first, change of large classes of mesocombinations of vegetation at the level of belts and, secondly, distinction in a boreal - forestry belt between a vegetation cover of tops and slopes of mountains, on the one hand, and the bottoms of river valleys, with another. Divisions of the legend of the second level reflect, first, vegetation changes in the form of high-rise and barrier changes of subbelts, secondly, distinctions of a vegetation cover in different geomorphological conditions (small and average river valleys, northern slopes, etc.). Divisions of the legend of the second level correspond to dynamic series of units of the third level. Essential addition to it are block diagrams of dynamics of a vegetation cover.

Evaluation of Road Utilisation as Space For Holding Social Ceremonies in Indigenous Residential Area of Ogbomoso, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (March 2018) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A Okanlawon ◽  
O.O Odunjo ◽  
S.A Olaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

This study examined Residents’ evaluation of turning transport infrastructure (road) to spaces for holding social ceremonies in the indigenous residential zone of Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Upon stratifying the city into the three identifiable zones, the core, otherwise known as the indigenous residential zone was isolated for study. Of the twenty (20) political wards in the two local government areas of the town, fifteen (15) wards that were located in the indigenous zone constituted the study area. Respondents were selected along one out of every three (33.3%) of the Trunk — C (local) roads being the one mostly used for the purpose in the study area. The respondents were the residents, commercial motorists, commercial motorcyclists, and celebrants. Six hundred and forty-two (642) copies of questionnaire were administered and harvested on the spot. The Mean Analysis generated from the respondents’ rating of twelve perceived hazards listed in the questionnaire were then used to determine respondents’ most highly rated perceived consequences of the practice. These were noisy environment, Blockage of drainage by waste, and Endangering the life of the sick on the way to hospital; the most highly rated reasons why the practice came into being; and level of acceptability of the practice which was found to be very unacceptable in the study area. Policy makers should therefore focus their attention on strict enforcement of the law prohibiting the practice in order to ensure more cordial relationship among the citizenry, seeing citizens’ unacceptability of the practice in the study area.

scholarly journals An Online Reputation Analysis of the Tourism Industry in Marbella: A Preliminary Study on Open Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
María Jesús Carrasco-Santos ◽  
Antonio Manuel Ciruela-Lorenzo ◽  
Juan Gabriel Méndez Pavón ◽  
Carmen Cristófol Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Specific Advice ◽  
Sociodemographic Profile ◽  
The One ◽  
Online Reputation ◽  
The City

This research analyzed the online reputation of Marbella as a tourist destination and the profiles of the reviewers according to sociodemographic characteristics. A correlational, quantitative research technique was used in this study based on the manual extraction of more than 4000 reviews generated on TripAdvisor. The data used in this study were collected from the TripAdvisor website, taking, as a sample, tourists who had visited the city in the last three years. Ratings that did not provide full data on the variables were excluded. The findings show that Marbella is considered a luxury shopping destination. The preliminary conclusions allow us to generalize about the sociodemographic profile of its tourists. The findings of the study will provide valuable information for Marbella’s Destination Management Organization (DMO). On the one hand, this study highlights the importance of ranking the attractions of the city to create better communication strategies and enhance the appeal of those attractions that receive the best ratings, establishing the true vocation of Marbella as a tourist destination. On the other hand, it provides information on what tourists perceive to be negative elements, allowing the administration to create an improvement plan. The novelty of this research paper is that it delves into Marbella’s online reputation through an analysis of specific attractions’ ratings. Areas that require further attention in future research have been highlighted, along with specific advice on each attraction that contributes to the tourist offerings of the city.

scholarly journals Scenario Analyses of Exhaust Emissions Reduction through the Introduction of Electric Vehicles into the City

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 2030
Author(s):  
Marianna Jacyna ◽  
Renata Żochowska ◽  
Aleksander Sobota ◽  
Mariusz Wasiak
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

In recent years, policymakers of urban agglomerations in various regions of the world have been striving to reduce environmental pollution from harmful exhaust and noise emissions. Restrictions on conventional vehicles entering the inner city are being introduced and the introduction of low-emission measures, including electric ones, is being promoted. This paper presents a method for scenario analysis applied to study the reduction of exhaust emissions by introducing electric vehicles in a selected city. The original scenario analyses relating to real problems faced by contemporary metropolitan areas are based on the VISUM tool (PTV Headquarters for Europe: PTV Planung Transport Verkehr AG, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany). For the case study, the transport model of the city of Bielsko-Biala (Poland) was used to conduct experiments with different forms of participation of electric vehicles on the one hand and traffic restrictions for high emission vehicles on the other hand. Scenario analyses were conducted for various constraint options including inbound, outbound, and through traffic. Travel time for specific transport relations and the volume of harmful emissions were used as criteria for evaluating scenarios of limited accessibility to city zones for selected types of vehicles. The comparative analyses carried out showed that the introduction of electric vehicles in the inner city resulted in a significant reduction in the emission of harmful exhaust compounds and, consequently, in an increase in the area of clean air in the city. The case study and its results provide some valuable insights and may guide decision-makers in their actions to introduce both driving ban restrictions for high-emission vehicles and incentives for the use of electric vehicles for city residents.

scholarly journals Soil Erosion Estimates in Arid Region: A Case Study of the Koutine Catchment, Southeastern Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6763
Author(s):  
Mongi Ben Zaied ◽  
Seifeddine Jomaa ◽  
Mohamed Ouessar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Soil Losses

Soil erosion remains one of the principal environmental problems in arid regions. This study aims to assess and quantify the variability of soil erosion in the Koutine catchment using the RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) model. The Koutine catchment is located in an arid area in southeastern Tunisia and is characterized by an annual mean precipitation of less than 200 mm. The model was used to examine the influence of topography, extreme rainstorm intensity and soil texture on soil loss. The data used for model validation were obtained from field measurements by monitoring deposited sediment in settlement basins of 25 cisterns (a traditional water harvesting and storage technique) over 4 years, from 2015 to 2018. Results showed that slope is the most controlling factor of soil loss. The average annual soil loss in monitoring sites varies between 0.01 and 12.5 t/ha/y. The storm events inducing the largest soil losses occurred in the upstream part of the Koutine catchment with a maximum value of 7.3 t/ha per event. Soil erosion is highly affected by initial and preceding soil conditions. The RUSLE model reasonably reproduced (R2 = 0.81) the spatiotemporal variability of measured soil losses in the study catchment during the observation period. This study revealed the importance of using the cisterns in the data-scarce dry areas as a substitute for the classic soil erosion monitoring fields. Besides, combining modeling of outputs and field measurements could improve our physical understanding of soil erosion processes and their controlling factors in an arid catchment. The study results are beneficial for decision-makers to evaluate the existing soil conservation and water management plans, which can be further adjusted using appropriate soil erosion mitigation options based on scientific evidence.

scholarly journals Use of satellite and modeled soil moisture data for predicting event soil loss at plot scale

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 3845-3856 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Todisco ◽  
L. Brocca ◽  
L. F. Termite ◽  
W. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Loss Estimation ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Soil Losses

Abstract. The potential of coupling soil moisture and a Universal Soil Loss Equation-based (USLE-based) model for event soil loss estimation at plot scale is carefully investigated at the Masse area, in central Italy. The derived model, named Soil Moisture for Erosion (SM4E), is applied by considering the unavailability of in situ soil moisture measurements, by using the data predicted by a soil water balance model (SWBM) and derived from satellite sensors, i.e., the Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT). The soil loss estimation accuracy is validated using in situ measurements in which event observations at plot scale are available for the period 2008–2013. The results showed that including soil moisture observations in the event rainfall–runoff erosivity factor of the USLE enhances the capability of the model to account for variations in event soil losses, the soil moisture being an effective alternative to the estimated runoff, in the prediction of the event soil loss at Masse. The agreement between observed and estimated soil losses (through SM4E) is fairly satisfactory with a determination coefficient (log-scale) equal to ~ 0.35 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of ~ 2.8 Mg ha−1. These results are particularly significant for the operational estimation of soil losses. Indeed, currently, soil moisture is a relatively simple measurement at the field scale and remote sensing data are also widely available on a global scale. Through satellite data, there is the potential of applying the SM4E model for large-scale monitoring and quantification of the soil erosion process.

scholarly journals Relief and changes in the vegetation cover and the flora of the Zadroże Dune near the city of Toruń: Comparison of the conditions in 1948 and 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (-1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Nienartowicz ◽  
Mieczysław Kunz ◽  
Edyta Adamska ◽  
Urszula Boińska ◽  
Miłosz Deptuła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
The City

Mocking Parades and the Place of Pagan Statuary in Late Antique Alexandria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-288
Author(s):  
Jonathan Stutz
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Mob Violence ◽  
Visual Contact ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sacred Objects ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

AbstractWith the present paper I would like to discuss a particular form of procession which we may term mocking parades, a collective ritual aimed at ridiculing cultic objects from competing religious communities. The cases presented here are contextualized within incidents of pagan/Christian violence in Alexandria between the 4th and 5th centuries, entailing in one case the destruction of the Serapeum and in another the pillaging of the Isis shrine at Menouthis on the outskirts of Alexandria. As the literary accounts on these events suggest, such collective forms of mockery played an important role in the context of mob violence in general and of violence against sacred objects in particular. However, while historiographical and hagiographical sources from the period suggest that pagan statues underwent systematic destruction and mutilation, we can infer from the archaeological evidence a vast range of uses and re-adaptation of pagan statuary in the urban space, assuming among other functions that of decorating public spaces. I would like to build on the thesis that the parading of sacred images played a prominent role in the discourse on the value of pagan statuary in the public space. On the one hand, the statues carried through the streets became themselves objects of mockery and violence, involving the population of the city in a collective ritual of exorcism. On the other hand, the images paraded in the mocking parades could also become a means through which the urban space could become subject to new interpretations. Entering in visual contact with the still visible vestiges of the pagan past, with the temples and the statuary of the city, the “image of the city” became affected itself by the images paraded through the streets, as though to remind the inhabitants that the still-visible elements of Alexandria’s pagan topography now stood as defeated witnesses to Christianity’s victory.

“Satisfied with the Ruins of Berlin”: The German Capital’s Image in Soviet Graphics of 1945

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 564-575
Author(s):  
Irina I. Rutsinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Visual Art ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Public ◽  
Historical Justice ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

An artist who finds themselves in the last days of a war in the enemy’s defeated capital may not just fix its objects dispassionately. Many factors influence the selection and depicturing manner of the objects. One of the factors is satisfaction from the accomplished retribution, awareness of the historical justice triumph. Researchers think such reactions are inevitable. The article offers to consider from this point of view the drawings created by Soviet artists in Berlin in the spring and summer of 1945. Such an analysis of the German capital’s visual image is conducted for the first time. It shows that the above reactions were not the only ones. The graphics of the first post-war days no less clearly and consistently express other feelings and intentions of their authors: the desire to accurately document and fix the image of the city and some of its structures in history, the happiness from the silence of peace, and the simple interest in the monuments of European art.The article examines Berlin scenes as evidences of the transition from front-line graphics focused on the visual recording of the war traces to peacetime graphics; from documentary — to artistry; from the worldview of a person at war — to the one of a person who lived to victory. In this approach, it has been important to consider the graphic images of Berlin in unity with the diary and memoir texts belonging to both artists and ordinary soldiers who participated in the storming of Berlin. The combination of verbal and visual sources helps to present the German capital’s image that existed in the public consciousness, as well as the specificity of its representation by means of visual art.

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