scholarly journals DINÂMICA DA ÁGUA NOS RESÍDUOS CULTURAIS EM UM SISTEMA IRRIGADO

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-636
Author(s):  
Marta Rodrigues da Rocha ◽  
Reimar Carlesso ◽  
Mirta Teresinha Petry ◽  
Laudenir Juciê Basso ◽  
Sônia Thais Menegaz
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Irrigation Event ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Santa Maria

DINÂMICA DA ÁGUA NOS RESÍDUOS CULTURAIS EM UM SISTEMA IRRIGADO     MARTA RODRIGUES DA ROCHA1; REIMAR CARLESSO2; MIRTA TERESINHA PETRY3; LAUDENIR JUCIÊ BASSO4 E SÔNIA THAIS MENEGAZ5   1Doutora em Engenharia Agrícola, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola (PPGEA), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, n°1000 – Camobi, Santa Maria/ RS/ Brasil, CEP: 97105-900, [email protected]; 2Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Av. Roraima, n°1000 – Camobi, Santa Maria/ RS/ Brasil, CEP: 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS. [email protected]; 3 Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Av. Roraima, n°1000 – Camobi, Santa Maria/ RS/ Brasil, CEP: 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, UFSM, [email protected];  4Mestrando do PPGEA, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, n°1000 – Camobi, Santa Maria/ RS/ Brasil, CEP: 97105-900, [email protected];  5Mestranda em Ciência do Solo e Qualidade da Água, Universidade de Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, Saint Paul/ Minnesota/ EUA, [email protected].     1 RESUMO   A redução da evaporação e maior conservação de água no solo são apontados como as vantagens da manutenção dos resíduos na superfície do solo, no Sistema Plantio Direto. Quantificar com acurácia a água conservada no solo é necessário, uma vez que, os efeitos benéficos são controversos. Por outro lado, uma intensa camada de resíduos pode reter grande parte da água de irrigação ou da chuva quando as lâminas forem pequenas, além de dificultar as operações de semeadura. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi quantificar a interceptação de água de irrigação pelos resíduos culturais e o seu efeito nos componentes do balanço hídrico do solo. Para tanto, foi conduzido um experimento na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, durante 60 dias, nos anos de 2013 e 2014, sob uma cobertura móvel, em parcelas de 9 m2. Utilizou-se um delineamento bi-fatorial, com três repetições, onde o fator A foi constituído de três níveis de cobertura do solo: 0; 2 e 4 t ha-1 de resíduos de aveia preta. O fator B foi constituído de três lâminas de irrigação (menor, intermediária e maior). Após cada evento de irrigação, uma amostra de 0,09 m2 de resíduos vegetais era coletada e pesada, em intervalos de 0; 3; 6 e 24 horas após a irrigação, a fim de medir a água retida pelos resíduos. O conteúdo de água no solo foi monitorado em cada unidade experimental, até a profundidade de 85 cm, utilizando-se um conjunto de sensores FDR (Reflectometria de domínio de frequência). O balanço hídrico do solo foi determinado pela relação entre a lâmina aplicada, subtraída da lâmina infiltrada, a água retida pelo resíduo vegetal e da lâmina evaporada, após cada evento de irrigação. O uso de cobertura sobre o solo é uma maneira eficiente para reduzir a Es, entretanto a água interceptada pelos resíduos vegetais é evaporada, e esta perda deve ser considerada, especialmente quando se trata de pequenas e frequentes lâminas de irrigação por aspersão.   Palavras-chave: Balanço Hídrico do Solo, Evaporação, Interceptação.     ROCHA, M. R.; CARLESSO, R.; PETRY, M. T.; BASSO, L. J.; MENEGAZ, S. T. WATER DYNAMICS IN AN IRRIGATED SYSTEM’S CROP RESIDUES 2 ABSTRACT   Accurately quantifying soil water storage is necessary, since the beneficial effects of a thick mulch layer are controversial. Nevertheless, an intense layer of mulch can retain much of the small irrigation depths or precipitation, as well as hamper sowing operations. The intent of this paper is to quantify  water interception by crop residues and the effect in the water balance components in the soil. The experiment was conducted in the Federal University of Santa Maria, during 60 days, in 2013 and 2014, under rainout shelter, in 9 m2 plots. Bi- factorial delineation was used, with three repetitions, where factor A was constituted of three levels of soil mulching: 0; 2 and 4 t ha-1 of dry black oat residues. Factor B was constituted of three irrigation depths. After every irrigation event, a sample of 0.09 m² of crop residues was collected and weighted, in a time interval of 0; 3; 6 and 24 hours after irrigation, in order to measure the residues retained water. Soil water content was monitored in each experimental unit, to the depth of 85 cm, using a set of FDR sensors (Frequency domain reflectometers). The soil water balance was determined by the relation between irrigation depth applied, subtracted from the infiltrated irrigation depth, the water retained by the residues and the evaporated irrigation depth, after every irrigation event.   Keywords: Water balance, Evaporated, Interception.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic changes of the soil-cactus interface, effective actual evapotranspiration and its water efficiency under irrigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
José E. F. de Morais ◽  
Thieres G. F. da Silva ◽  
Maria G. de Queiroz ◽  
Gherman G. L. de Araújo ◽  
Magna S. B. Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Efficiency Indicators

ABSTRACT The knowledge on soil water dynamics is the basis of crop water management. The soil water balance (SWB) method is used for this purpose. However, its application in cactus may lead to misinterpretation in water efficiency analysis, since it does not consider the amount of water retained in the plant (WRP). This study aimed to evaluate SWB applicability, hydrodynamic changes and water efficiency of forage cactus clones under irrigation. The clones ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ (OEM), ‘IPA Sertânia’ (IPA) and ‘Miúda’ (MIU) were submitted to irrigation depths (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mm) and frequencies (7, 14 and 28 days), in Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil, between March 2012 and August 2013. The SWB was applied, by adding the WRP in the estimate of the effective actual evapotranspiration (ETrEF). The water efficiency indicators were calculated. The actual evapotranspiration on SWB (ETrSWB) overestimated ETrEF and, like other SWB components, it was affected by the factors irrigation depth, frequency and clone. The clone OEM is the most efficient, due to the use of the WRP, while MIU leads to highest gross economic returns for sale of cladodes as seed. As conclusion, the application of the soil water balance method in areas cultivated with cactus species must be accompanied by WRP.

scholarly journals Estimation of Stagnosol Hydraulic Properties and Water Flow Using Uni- and Bimodal Porosity Models in Erosion-Affected Hillslope Vineyard Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Vilim Filipović ◽  
Jasmina Defterdarović ◽  
Vedran Krevh ◽  
Lana Filipović ◽  
Gabrijel Ondrašek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Vineyard Soils ◽  
Soil Hydraulic

Erosion has been reported as one of the top degradation processes that negatively affect agricultural soils. The study objective was to identify hydropedological factors controlling soil water dynamics in erosion-affected hillslope vineyard soils. The hydropedological study was conducted at identically-managed Jastrebarsko (location I), and Jazbina (II) and (III) sites with Stagnosol soils. Soil Hydraulic Properties (SHP) were estimated on intact soil cores using Evaporation and WP4C methods; soil hydraulic functions were fitted using HYPROP-FIT software. For Apg and Bg/Btg horizons, uni- and bimodal soil hydraulic models could be well fitted to data; although, the bimodal model performed better in particular cases where data indicated non-uniform pore size distribution. With these SHP estimations, a one-year (2020) water flow scenario was simulated using HYDRUS-1D to compare water balance results obtained with uni- and bimodal hydraulic functions. Simulation results revealed relatively similar flux distribution at each hillslope position between the water balance components infiltration, surface runoff, and drainage. However, at the bottom profile at Jastrebarsko, bimodality of the hydraulic functions led to increased drainage. Soil water storage was reduced, and the vertical movement increased due to modified soil water retention curve shapes. Adequate parameterization of SHP is required to capture the hydropedological response of heterogenous erosion-affected soil systems.

scholarly journals Energy balance closure on a winter wheat stand: comparing the eddy covariance technique with the soil water balance method

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Imukova ◽  
J. Ingwersen ◽  
M. Hevart ◽  
T. Streck
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Water Balance Method ◽  
Closure Method

Abstract. The energy balance of eddy covariance (EC) flux data is typically not closed. The nature of the gap is usually not known, which hampers using EC data to parameterize and test models. In the present study we cross-checked the evapotranspiration data obtained with the EC method (ETEC) against ET rates measured with the soil water balance method (ETWB) at winter wheat stands in southwest Germany. During the growing seasons 2012 and 2013, we continuously measured, in a half-hourly resolution, latent heat (LE) and sensible (H) heat fluxes using the EC technique. Measured fluxes were adjusted with either the Bowen-ratio (BR), H or LE post-closure method. ETWB was estimated based on rainfall, seepage and soil water storage measurements. The soil water storage term was determined at sixteen locations within the footprint of an EC station, by measuring the soil water content down to a soil depth of 1.5 m. In the second year, the volumetric soil water content was additionally continuously measured in 15 min resolution in 10 cm intervals down to 90 cm depth with sixteen capacitance soil moisture sensors. During the 2012 growing season, the H post-closed LE flux data (ETEC =  3.4 ± 0.6 mm day−1) corresponded closest with the result of the WB method (3.3 ± 0.3 mm day−1). ETEC adjusted by the BR (4.1 ± 0.6 mm day−1) or LE (4.9 ± 0.9 mm day−1) post-closure method were higher than the ETWB by 24 and 48 %, respectively. In 2013, ETWB was in best agreement with ETEC adjusted with the H post-closure method during the periods with low amount of rain and seepage. During these periods the BR and LE post-closure methods overestimated ET by about 46 and 70 %, respectively. During a period with high and frequent rainfalls, ETWB was in-between ETEC adjusted by H and BR post-closure methods. We conclude that, at most observation periods on our site, LE is not a major component of the energy balance gap. Our results indicate that the energy balance gap is made up by other energy fluxes and unconsidered or biased energy storage terms.

scholarly journals Coupling DSSAT and HYDRUS-1D for simulations of soil water dynamics in the soil-plant-atmosphere system

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vakhtang Shelia ◽  
Jirka Šimůnek ◽  
Ken Boote ◽  
Gerrit Hoogenbooom
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Atmosphere System ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Hydrus 1D

AbstractAccurate estimation of the soil water balance of the soil-plant-atmosphere system is key to determining the availability of water resources and their optimal management. Evapotranspiration and leaching are the main sinks of water from the system affecting soil water status and hence crop yield. The accuracy of soil water content and evapotranspiration simulations affects crop yield simulations as well. DSSAT is a suite of field-scale, process-based crop models to simulate crop growth and development. A “tipping bucket” water balance approach is currently used in DSSAT for soil hydrologic and water redistribution processes. By comparison, HYDRUS-1D is a hydrological model to simulate water flow in soils using numerical solutions of the Richards equation, but its approach to crop-related process modeling is rather limited. Both DSSAT and HYDRUS-1D have been widely used and tested in their separate areas of use. The objectives of our study were: (1) to couple HYDRUS-1D with DSSAT to simulate soil water dynamics, crop growth and yield, (2) to evaluate the coupled model using field experimental datasets distributed with DSSAT for different environments, and (3) to compare HYDRUS-1D simulations with those of the tipping bucket approach using the same datasets. Modularity in the software design of both DSSAT and HYDRUS-1D made it easy to couple the two models. The pairing provided the DSSAT interface an ability to use both the tipping bucket and HYDRUS-1D simulation approaches. The two approaches were evaluated in terms of their ability to estimate the soil water balance, especially soil water contents and evapotranspiration rates. Values of thedindex for volumetric water contents were 0.9 and 0.8 for the original and coupled models, respectively. Comparisons of simulations for the pod mass for four soybean and four peanut treatments showed relatively highdindex values for both models (0.94–0.99).

scholarly journals A Daily Water Balance Model Based on the Distribution Function Unifying Probability Distributed Model and the SCS Curve Number Method

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Marwan Kheimi ◽  
Shokry M. Abdelaziz
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Water Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Daily Water

A new daily water balance model is developed and tested in this paper. The new model has a similar model structure to the existing probability distributed rainfall runoff models (PDM), such as HyMOD. However, the model utilizes a new distribution function for soil water storage capacity, which leads to the SCS (Soil Conservation Service) curve number (CN) method when the initial soil water storage is set to zero. Therefore, the developed model is a unification of the PDM and CN methods and is called the PDM–CN model in this paper. Besides runoff modeling, the calculation of daily evaporation in the model is also dependent on the distribution function, since the spatial variability of soil water storage affects the catchment-scale evaporation. The generated runoff is partitioned into direct runoff and groundwater recharge, which are then routed through quick and slow storage tanks, respectively. Total discharge is the summation of quick flow from the quick storage tank and base flow from the slow storage tank. The new model with 5 parameters is applied to 92 catchments for simulating daily streamflow and evaporation and compared with AWMB, SACRAMENTO, and SIMHYD models. The performance of the model is slightly better than HyMOD but is not better compared with the 14-parameter model (SACRAMENTO) in the calibration, and does not perform as well in the validation period as the 7-parameter model (SIMHYD) in some areas, based on the NSE values. The linkage between the PDM–CN model and long-term water balance model is also presented, and a two-parameter mean annual water balance equation is derived from the proposed PDM–CN model.

Using digital soil hydraulic maps to simulate water balance at the regional scale (southern Portugal) - impact of spatial resolution and modelling approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana R. Oliveira ◽  
Ana Horta ◽  
Tiago Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Geostatistical Simulation ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
Soil Hydraulic ◽  
Modelling Approaches

<p>Modelling of soil physical, chemical, and biological processes is critical to improve the understanding of soil functions, the effect of agricultural practices on soil degradation, and appropriate soil management strategies. However, the use of such tools at the regional scale is largely limited by the lack of accurate mapping of soil texture and soil hydraulic properties (SHP). To overcome this limitation, SHP digital maps were obtained using two modelling approaches. One used a national harmonized soil texture database and geostatistical simulation to create soil texture maps which were further used as input data to derive SHP maps using local pedotransfer functions (PTFs). The other approach used SHP maps produced by Tóth et al (2017) using soil texture from the product SoilsGrids (Hengl et al, 2017). The SHP maps from both approaches were produced at two spatial resolutions: 250 m and 1000 m. This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of such SHP maps to simulate soil water dynamics and biomass growth at the regional scale using the MOHID-Land model. This model describes the movement of water in the porous medium based on mass and momentum conservation equations that are computed in a 3D grid domain using a finite volume approach. Crop development is simulated using a modified version of the EPIC model. The SHP maps produced using the two modelling approaches and considering two spatial resolutions (250 and 1000 m) were used as inputs for the hydraulic characteristics of soils. Simulations were compared for an irrigation area (Roxo Irrigation District), located in southern Portugal. Results revealed the differences in the components of the soil water balance, with soil inputs from local data being able to better portray landscape heterogeneity.</p>

scholarly journals The influence of stony soil properties on water dynamics modeled by the HYDRUS model

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Hlaváčiková ◽  
Viliam Novák ◽  
Zdeněk Kostka ◽  
Michal Danko ◽  
Jozef Hlavčo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Soil Fraction ◽  
Fine Soil ◽  
Stony Soil ◽  
Water Retention Properties

AbstractStony soils are composed of two fractions (rock fragments and fine soil) with different hydrophysical characteristics. Although stony soils are abundant in many catchments, their properties are still not well understood. This manuscript presents an application of the simple methodology for deriving water retention properties of stony soils, taking into account a correction for the soil stoniness. Variations in the water retention of the fine soil fraction and its impact on both the soil water storage and the bottom boundary fluxes are studied as well. The deterministic water flow model HYDRUS-1D is used in the study. The results indicate that the presence of rock fragments in a moderate-to-high stony soil can decrease the soil water storage by 23% or more and affect the soil water dynamics. Simulated bottom fluxes increased or decreased faster, and their maxima during the wet period were larger in the stony soil compared to the non-stony one.

Modelling the seasonal dynamics of the soil water balance of vineyards

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lebon ◽  
Vincent Dumas ◽  
Philippe Pieri ◽  
Hans R. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Top Soil

A geometrical canopy model describing radiation absorption (Riou et al. 1989, Agronomie 9, 441–450) and partitioning between grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) and soil was coupled to a soil water balance routine describing a bilinear change in relative transpiration rate as a function of the fraction of soil transpirable water (FTSW). The model was amended to account for changes in soil evaporation after precipitation events and subsequent dry-down of the top soil layer. It was tested on two experimental vineyards in the Alsace region, France, varying in soil type, water-holding capacity and rooting depth. Simulations were run over four seasons (1992–1993, 1995–1996) and compared with measurements of FTSW conducted with a neutron probe. For three out of four years, the model simulated the dynamics in seasonal soil water balance adequately. For the 1996 season soil water content was overestimated for one vineyard and underestimated for the other. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the model responded strongly to changes in canopy parameters, and that soil evaporation was particularly sensitive to water storage of the top soil layer after rainfall. We found a close relationship between field-average soil water storage and pre-dawn water potential, a relationship which could be used to couple physiological models of growth and / or photosynthesis to the soil water dynamics.

scholarly journals Diagnosis toward predicting mean annual runoff in ungauged basins

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 945-956
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Lili Yao ◽  
Ni-Bin Chang ◽  
Dingbao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Ungauged Basins ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Soil Water Storage Capacity

Abstract. Prediction of mean annual runoff is of great interest but still poses a challenge in ungauged basins. The present work diagnoses the prediction in mean annual runoff affected by the uncertainty in estimated distribution of soil water storage capacity. Based on a distribution function, a water balance model for estimating mean annual runoff is developed, in which the effects of climate variability and the distribution of soil water storage capacity are explicitly represented. As such, the two parameters in the model have explicit physical meanings, and relationships between the parameters and controlling factors on mean annual runoff are established. The estimated parameters from the existing data of watershed characteristics are applied to 35 watersheds. The results showed that the model could capture 88.2 % of the actual mean annual runoff on average across the study watersheds, indicating that the proposed new water balance model is promising for estimating mean annual runoff in ungauged watersheds. The underestimation of mean annual runoff is mainly caused by the underestimation of the area percentage of low soil water storage capacity due to neglecting the effect of land surface and bedrock topography. Higher spatial variability of soil water storage capacity estimated through the height above the nearest drainage (HAND) and topographic wetness index (TWI) indicated that topography plays a crucial role in determining the actual soil water storage capacity. The performance of mean annual runoff prediction in ungauged basins can be improved by employing better estimation of soil water storage capacity including the effects of soil, topography, and bedrock. It leads to better diagnosis of the data requirement for predicting mean annual runoff in ungauged basins based on a newly developed process-based model finally.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document