scholarly journals Byzantium and the West on the Way to the Council of Constance

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 277-304
Author(s):  
Nikolai Gennadievich Pashkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
The West ◽  
John Xxiii ◽  
Latin West ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

This paper examines the connections of the Byzantine Empire and the Latin West on the eve of the Council of Constance. This Council has been analysed in the context of the conflict of King Sigismund of Luxembourg and the Republic of Venice. The project of the church council appeared in order to solve the conflict with the Roman pope as the mediator. Byzantine Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos had the same interest as the European conflict was accompanied with Sigismund’s attempt of arranging an anti-Ottoman crusade. However, the King’s idea of an anti-Turk alliance contradicts to the interests of Byzantium which tried to keep neutrality under the current conditions. The author suggests that the Byzantine Emperor’s real aim was to assist the pope’s intermediary mission. Their contact was possible as negotiations concerning the church union. Byzantine diplomatist Manuel Chrysoloras’ visit to Constance has been analysed from the said standpoint. The situation was complicated by the fact that the prerequisites for solving the conflict of Western powers did not develop before the Council started. Therefore, the discussion of the Latin schism became topical at the Council of Constance, and the deposition of the Antipope John XXIII became inevitable. Thus, the solution of the problem facing the Greeks was postponed until the election of a new Roman pontiff.

Church and State in the Byzantine Empire: A Reconsideration of The Problem of Caesaropapism

1965 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deno J. Geanakoplos
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Roman Emperor ◽  
The West ◽  
Latin West

In the medieval theocratic societies of both the Byzantine East and the Latin West, where the influence of Christian precepts so strongly pervaded all aspects of life, it was inevitable that the institutions of church and state, of sacerdotium and regnum to use the traditional Latin terms, be closely tied to one another. But whereas in the West, at least after the investiture conflict of the eleventh century, the pope managed to exert a strong political influence over secular rulers, notably the Holy Roman Emperor, in the East, from the very foundation of Constantinople in the fourth century, the Byzantine emperor seemed clearly to dominate over his chief ecclesiastical official, the patriarch.

Kenneth E. Bailey: An Ambassador Serving the Middle East and the West

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Gary M. Burge
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Biblical Exegesis ◽  
The West ◽  
Arab Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

Kenneth E. Bailey (1930–2016) was an internationally acclaimed New Testament scholar who grew up in Egypt and devoted his life to the church of the Middle East. He also was an ambassador of Arab culture to the West, explaining through his many books on the New Testament how the context of the Middle East shapes the world of the New Testament. He wed cultural anthropology to biblical exegesis and shaped the way scholars view the Gospels today.

scholarly journals Some Remarks on the Islamic and the Secular Paradigms of Knowledge

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-544
Author(s):  
Taha J. Al Alwani
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
The West ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

By the time secularist thought had succeeded, at an intellectuallevel, in challenging the authority of the Church, its roots had alreadytaken firm hold in western soil. Later, when western political and economicsystems began to prevail throughout the world, it was only naturalthat secularism, as the driving force behind these systems, shouldgain ascendency worldwide. In time, and with varying degrees of success,the paradigm of positivism gradually displaced traditional andreligious modes of thinking, with the result that generations of thirdworld thinkers grew up convinced that the only way to “progress” andreform their societies was the way of the secular West. Moreover, sincethe experience of the West was that it began to progress politically,economically, and intellectually only after the influence of the Churchhad been marginalized, people in the colonies believed that they wouldhave to marginalize the influence of their particular religions in orderto achieve a similar degree of progress. Under the terms of the newparadigm, turning to religion for solutions to contemporary issues is anabsurdity, for religion is viewed as something from humanity’s formativeyears, from a “dark” age of superstition and myth whose time hasnow passed. As such, religion has no relevance to the present, and allattempts to revive it are doomed to failure and are a waste of time.Many have supposed that it is possible to accept the westernmodel of a secular paradigm while maintaining religious practices andbeliefs. They reason that such an acceptance has no negative impactupon their daily lives so long as it does not destroy their places ofworship or curtail their right to religious freedom. Thus, there remainshardly a contemporary community that has not fallen under the swayof this paradigm. Moreover, it is this paradigm that has had the greatestinfluence on the way different peoples perceive life, the universe,and the role of humanity as well as providing them with an alternativeset of beliefs (if needed) and suggesting answers to the ultimate questions ...

scholarly journals Wall paintings from the late 15th century in the Monastery church of St. Paraskeve - Brajcino

2007 ◽  
pp. 549-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktorija Popovska-Korobar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
The West ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Lake Prespa ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Last Judgment ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Church

The Monastery of St. Paraskevy is located above the village Brajcino, on the east shore of Lake Prespa in the Republic of Macedonia. In accordance with the incomplete donor?s inscription this one aisle church with a pitched roof was built and decorated at the same time. Reparations came around 1800, when rebuilding was done on the longitudinal walls and the narthex (without fresco decoration). The fresco paintings from the 15th century are preserved on the west facade, and on the east and west wall of the naos. The decorative program in the interior was common for the small type monastery churches without narthex. From the old edifice, on the corner of the outside southwest wall visible are remains of figures, a monk and a man in laymen?s attire facing eastward. The iconographic program of the west facade is interesting for the scenes which encompass the patrons niche: a reduced Last Judgment (Royal Deesis, Hell and Paradise, where the monk Pahomios above the gate is depicted in prayer) and the equestrian figures of St. George and St. Mena. A parallel for the rare iconography of St. Mena with the tamed beasts is found in an unpublished icon, which most probably was painted in the last quarter of the 15th century, and is kept presently on the iconostasis of the church of Panagia tou Apostolaki in Kastoria. In accordance with all the considered characteristics by means of comparative analysis, we assume that the anonymous master could be an individual who belonged to the painting workshops which are credited for painting the church of St. Nicholas of the nun Eupraxia in Kastoria. We suppose the painter worked in Brajcino soon after the year 1486 and before 1493, when the decoration of the church in Kremikovci was completed, in which he most likely took part as a member of another large workshop. Regarding the question about the origins of the style of the 'master from the 1480?s', the paper articulates an opinion that they should be traced not only in the long painting traditions of Kastoria and Ohrid, but also in the collaboration of the masters and the spread of their works in these two important centers of the Ohrid Archbishopric.

scholarly journals THE GREAT SCHISM: The Great Divide of the West, the East and Christianity

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Anna M. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Religious Right ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
The West ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
Great Divide ◽  
Great Schism ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

The historical tapestry of Medieval Europe was woven together with numerous profoundly influential threads. One of the most fundamental woven threads in the tapestry of this era was the thread of religion, the church and the Christian faith. An intrinsic part to this religious thread in the Medieval tapestry was the immensely profoundly transforming event of the Great Schism in 1054. The Great Schism in its own religious right was one of the most single profoundly fundamental and influential events that resulted in the transformation of a religion, culture and history. Moreover the Great Schism laid the foundation, paved the way and was the religious prequel of Martin’s Luther’s Protestant Reformation. Thus the Great Schism of 1054 had extensive, influential political, cultural, social, religious and historical consequences. The Great Schism’s legacy of disunion would be evident in the church, the Christian faith and religion for many generations to come. 

Introduction

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Donkin ◽  
Hanna Vorholt
Keyword(s):  
Bodleian Library ◽  
The West ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

After providing an overview of the content and argument of each of the nine chapters, the introduction outlines three themes that run through the book as a whole: the impact of developments in the West on the production of representations of Jerusalem; the way in which such representations relate to their specific contexts, whether manuscripts, buildings or wider landscapes; and the role played by the imagination in the process of creating and responding to these images. A brief account is then given of a display of manuscripts and early printed books at the Bodleian Library, Oxford that accompanied the conference at which the papers were delivered. Finally there is a fuller description of comparatively little-known depictions in two of the manuscripts exhibited: a plan of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and its surroundings in MS Laud Misc. 241; and a schematic map of Jerusalem in MS Lyell 71.

Mediterranean Vector of International Relations in the Mirror of Sigismund of Luxembourg’s Conflict with Venice (1411—1413)

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7 (105)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Nikolai Pashkin
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Indirect Connection ◽  
John Xxiii ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Actual Factor ◽  
Pope John Xxiii

The article covers international and diplomatic aspects of the conflict of Sigismund of Luxembourg, the King of Hungary and the Romans, and the Republic of Venice in 1411—1413. Venetian claims to Dalmatia that nominally belonged to the Hungarian Crown were the formal reason of the conflict. The article notices that the main battleground was in Italia, not Dalmatia. The author thereupon concludes that the actual factor of the events was the competition between Italian states. But contrary to the traditional opinion the researcher assigns the part of the main power that competed with Venice to Florence, not Genoa. In the early fifteenth century it entered into the struggle for the outlet to the sea and sought the extension of its influence for account of new trade lines that connected the Mediterranean with Central and North Europe. Meanwhile, the head-on clash of the republics was ruled out because their relations guaranteed them both the safety of the political balance of Italy and the defence of the peninsula from external actions. But Florence could force Venice by the manipulation by the Italian policy of the King Sigismund. The instrument of the pressure was the potential union of the King and the Pope John XXIII. It was the interests of Florence that made it possible to explain the reason that kept them from direct official contacts. The investigation of the nature of the conflict reveals also its indirect connection with historical events related to West European states, Poland, the Teutonic Order, the Byzantine Empire, the Ottomans and the Golden Horde.

The Decembrists and the Concept of a Civic Nation

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Rabow-Edling
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Common View ◽  
The People ◽  
Foreign Influence ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cultural Belonging ◽  
The Way

Long live the constitution! Long live the republic! Long live the people! Perish the nobility and the rank of the czar!Nationalism in the East has long been considered to be different from nationalism in the West. Although Hans Kohn's famous dichotomy has been challenged, it still determines the way most people look at Eastern nationalism. Nationalism in the East is seen as authoritarian, ethnic and cultural in contrast to the democratic, civic and political nationalism of the West. According to the common view, Western nationalism is based on modern liberal, constitutional ideas, which makes it democratic, while Eastern nationalism is based on cultural belonging, which makes it conservative or regressive and hostile to foreign influence.

scholarly journals The reception of Chalcedon in the West: a case study of Gregory the Great

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-317
Author(s):  
Janet Sidaway
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Gregory The Great ◽  
Ecumenical Council ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way ◽  
Literary Legacy

AbstractGregory illustrates the complex reception of Chalcedon in the West in the way he dealt with the Istrian Schism caused by the Fifth Ecumenical Council of 553. At issue was whether Chalcedon's decisions in their entirety or its doctrinal statements alone were inviolable. Gregory strongly urged the latter, influenced by initial papal support for the Fifth Council, his conviction that only those within the church would be saved and pastoral anxiety about the imminence of the eschaton. However, his literary legacy also demonstrates his commitment to the soteriological significance of the Chalcedonian definition of the two natures of Christ.

scholarly journals O Vaticano II cinquenta anos depois

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (283) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
José Comblin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

Para o A., o Vaticano II chegou tarde. Não houve tempo suficiente para implementar seu espírito, porque, logo após seu encerramento, aconteceu a maior revolução cultural do Ocidente e os desafetos do Concílio acusaram-no dos problemas surgidos dessa revolução e foram ouvidos. Por isso, a Igreja não só continuaria tendo dificuldade de adequar sua linguagem segundo os novos tempos, mas, fixando-se em esquemas mentais do passado, até faria o movimento contrário. Assim, por um lado, o Vaticano II ficará conhecido na história como uma tentativa de reformar a Igreja, e, por outro, como um sinal profético, uma voz evangélica, uma chamada para olhar para o futuro – como Medellín, em relação à AL, também contestado, é um farol que mostra o caminho.Abstract: For the Author, the Vatican II arrived too late. There wasn’t sufficient time to implement its spirit because, soon after its closing, the greatest cultural revolution in the West happened and the enemies of the Council blamed it for the problems resulting from this revolution and were heard. For this reason the Church would not only find it difficult to adapt its language to the new times, but, focusing on mental schemes of the past, would even make the opposite move. Thus, on the one hand, Vatican II will be known in history as an attempt to reform the Church and on the other, as a prophetic sign, an Evangelical voice, a summons to look towards the future – just like Medellin, in relation to AL, also contested, is a lighthouse that shows the way.

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