scholarly journals The Present and Future of the Employment Paradigm in the Context of Global Changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-355
Author(s):  
A. V. Popov ◽  
◽  
T. S. Soloveva ◽  

Major transformations have taken place throughout history, radically changing people's way of life. This can be noted in particular in the area of employment. In just the last few centuries, it has gone from predominantly agrarian employment, manual work and natural specialization to the technology-based image of the service-sector worker. The purpose of the article is to comprehend and conceptualize the process of forming a new employment paradigm through the prism of global challenges. The hypothesis is that in the modern world, employment is becoming increasingly blurred, combining features of different eras, which results in an intensification of social stratification and labor market segmentation. The research is based on the methodological principles of compiling a systematic review and consists of the following steps: goal setting and study design, selection of relevant literature according to the defined criteria, generalization and analytical review of selected sources, presentation of results. The analysis highlights the key trends in the field of employment at the current stage of social development. Among them are concentration of the labor force in the tertiary sector, destandardization and increased flexibility of employment, changes in the economy's requirements for human capital, etc. Special attention is paid to the influence of global challenges on the future of work under single-factor and complex scenarios of its development. The authors provide an analytical review of international experience in overcoming the negative consequences of employment transformation. The paper concludes by offering conceptual understanding of the emerging paradigm of employment and highlighting its cognitive features. The results obtained contribute to the development of the discussion on the future of work, related opportunities and threats. The practical significance of the study lies in identifying promising directions of state policy to regulate employment in the face of modern challenges.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O.M. Zamora ◽  
A.V. Teslyk ◽  
L.M. Taraniuk ◽  
V.O. Shcherbachenko ◽  
P.M. Lazis ◽  
...  

In the context of global quarantine and uncertainty, an important aspect is the development of the economic spheres of the post-pandemic world and its new standards. The measures taken to combat the spread of COVID-19 have a particular impact on the tourism industry, which has become one of the most affected during this period. The study focuses on the prospects and emergence of new standards of living and doing business in countries with a significant weight of tourism in their GDP and the impact of post-pandemic features on countries that are beginning to develop in the tourism industry. During the preparation of the article, the dependence of the service sector on the stable situation in the world and the challenges posed by this pandemic to this branch of the tertiary sector of the economy were analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the study of the interaction of social and economic factors that affect the development of the tourism industry in the context of globalization. The relevance of the article lies in the need to predict ways to adapt countries to global change based on the experience of governments in combating the negative impact of coronavirus on the tourism industry. The purpose of the study is to reveal the impact of new norms of the post-pandemic world on the development of tourism. Methodology and scientific approaches: analysis of scientific works in the fields of economics, finance, sociology and medicine. An analysis of statistics for the COVID-19 pandemic, collected by global health and safety structures; reports of government agencies and analysis of the impact of quarantine restrictions on the state of their economy. The ability and pace of adaptation of the post-pandemic world to global changes and in particular to the tourism industry have been predicted. The result of the research is to reveal the scale of the pandemic effect on the world economy and forecast the vectors of tourism business development in the new realities. The practical significance of the article is determined in the analysis of the necessary transformation of the world in order to overcome further economic crises. The social consequences of compulsory vaccinations and non-violation of existing quarantine restrictions are positive in terms of improving the world economy.


2020 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyprian Gawlik Cyprian Gawlik

The purpose of this paper is to ponder upon the future of the humanities from a metaphilosophical perspective inspired by G.W.F. Hegel’s philosophy of the history of philosophy. The need for this reflection follows from the crisis that the humanities are facing today due to global changes in higher education, caused by the domination of the capitalist economy and the dramatic development of technology. The author assumes that the essence of the humanities is determined by the formation of self-understanding (Bildung) and proposes to consider this issue from a broader historical point of view and apart from the institutional context of human sciences, namely in the light of the history of philosophy, understood according to the Hegelian approach as the development of selfknowledge. The paper extensively discusses Hegel’s philosophy of the history of philosophy, as well as subsequent metaphilosophical positions inspired by Hegel’s thought (especially that of August Cieszkowski and Martin Heidegger). As a result, the question about the future of the humanities is transformed into a postulate of reflection on the primacy of technoscientific thinking in the modern world. In line with the Hegelian view of knowledge development – attributing autoperformative function to self-cognition – this kind of reflection is a potential remedy for the crisis currently diagnosed in the humanities.


2020 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana L. ABELIANSKY ◽  
Eda ALGUR ◽  
David E. BLOOM ◽  
Klaus PRETTNER

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 2-459-2-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin G. Drury

The whole world is in the process of massive changes in the way in which business is conducted. Under the loose heading of globalization, we have seen an interrelated set of changes driven by a number of converging factors. These same global changes have in turn sparked new forms and balances of organisations. Eventually, these effects must be accompanied by new ways in which people will perform within organisations. We are moving towards globalization of production, customers, capital and workforce concerns. While the quality revolution was one of the driving forces behind globalization, there is now an impact of its very success back onto quality. With slack removed from work systems, quality is demanded for efficient, effective operations, but quality itself can suffer under the impacts of downsizing, longer working times and instant demands for change.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S3) ◽  
pp. 499-512
Author(s):  
Bohdan M. Holovkin ◽  
Oleksii V. Tavolzhanskyi ◽  
Oleksandr V. Lysodyed

The relevance of the research topic is stipulated by the need to conduct the scientific research of a state and issues of modern cybersecurity ensuring under the fight against corruption as its threat to suggest significant directions for the further development and improvement of the cybersecurity state in the context of global challenges and the pandemic and post-pandemic world’s development. The research purpose of the paper is to determine current issues and prospective of ensuring cybersecurity under the fight against corruption as its threat in pandemic and post-pandemic world conditions. General-scientific and special-legal methods of cognition have been used. By using a dialectical method, theoretical background and current issues of cybersecurity ensuring under the fight against corruption as its threat has been investigated and the modern challenges concerning this issue have been outlined. Formal-legal and comparative methods allowed suggesting the directions of cybersecurity ensuring in conditions of the fight against corruption as its threat under the global changes, digitalization and social transformations under the innovative cyber technological development of pandemic and post-pandemic reality. Discussion concerning a concept, types, challenges, issues, and prospects of cybersecurity improvement in conditions of the modern world under the fight against corruption as its threat. 


Author(s):  
Carlo Borzaga ◽  
Gianluca Salvatori ◽  
Riccardo Bodini

The global economy is affected by significant economic, technological and demographic changes that threaten to reduce decent work opportunities at a time when the demand for employment is growing, and economic inequalities are higher than ever. New technologies and automation are increasingly replacing human workers, and the sectors that are less likely to be affected by these phenomena and more likely to grow in the near future (e.g., like personal services) are also more prone to informal or non-standard forms of employment. In this context, significant attention is being paid to the social and solidarity economy (SSE) as a viable option to address some of these challenges. Indeed, while the SSE comprises a diverse and heterogeneous universe of organisational models and approaches, the main actors within the SSE share a set of common features that make them ideally suited to take on some of the key issues related to the future of work. The article reviews the main theoretical arguments and empirical evidence on the features and role of SSE organisations, paying particular attention to their implications for the creation and preservation of decent work. The analysis shows that SSE organisations can indeed help create and preserve employment in traditional sectors and promote decent work by providing quality and stable jobs, facilitating women’s entry into the labour force, integrating disadvantaged workers and helping the transition from informal to formal employment. The article also argues that SSE organisations can help channel jobs in emerging sectors like the ‘silver economy’ that are at risk of non-standard forms of work, within entrepreneurial organisations that can provide more structure and security. This will be particularly important in the coming years, as a larger share of employment will come from the service sector (including in particular personal care and social services) and will be much less structured than in the past due to the rise of the gig economy. The article concludes with a review of the main policy implications, briefly describing the types of initiatives, both at the national and international levels, that could lend the SSE the support it needs in order to fulfil its potential and help improve the future of work.


Author(s):  
Таир Махаматович Махаматов ◽  
Саида Таировна Махаматова

В статье анализируется процесс изменений направлений и уровней сферы образования, динамичное превращение ее в специфическую отрасль реальной экономики, воспроизводящую интеллектуальный капитал и научную продукцию. В современном мире, динамичном и высококонкурентном, предъявляющим большие требования к профессионализму, умениям и навыкам под конкретные задачи и проблемы, вопрос значимости получения образования в нужных объемах и в нужные сроки стал актуальным. Последние годы структурной перестройки экономик развитых и развивающихся стран, глобальные вызовы (пандемия коронавируса) буквально за считанные месяцы делают одни отрасли убыточными, их специалистов не востребованными, а другие сферы экономики, особенно новые, - более перспективными, в которых уровень зарплат соответственно гораздо выше, чем в других. В таких условиях рынок образования, отрасль обучения, переподготовка специалистов, производство и «продажа» вузами результатов прикладных и фундаментальных научных исследований в качестве специфического товара становятся крайне значимыми и подчас являются единственным фактором развития новых сфер экономики. Цель исследования: обоснование фактора трансформации рынка образования в отдельный элемент или отрасль реального сектора цифровой экономики; выявление взаимодополняемости государственной и частной систем образования; раскрытие роли новых сфер экономики в процессе данной трансформации и доказательство того, что рынок образования интегрируется с новыми сферами экономики, новыми технологиями. В работе использованы методы системного подхода, сравнительного и эконометрического анализа. Практическая значимость исследования заключается в переносе акцента от понимания рынка образования как сферы подготовки кадров для новых сфер экономики к пониманию рынка образования как внутренней составляющей новых сфер экономики. Научная новизна статьи прослеживается в постановке вопроса в другом ракурсе: новые сферы экономики становятся гораздо сложнее любого вида и уровня образования, и данные сферы трансформируют рынок образования, а не наоборот. The article analyzes the process of changes in the directions and levels of education, its dynamic transformation into a specific branch of the real economy, reproducing intellectual capital and scientific products. In the modern world, dynamic and highly competitive, which makes great demands on professionalism, skills and skills for specific tasks and problems, the issue of the importance of obtaining education in the right volumes in the right time has become very relevant. The recent years of structural adjustment of the economies of developed and developing countries, the global challenges (the coronavirus pandemic) in just a matter of months make some industries unprofitable, their specialists not in demand, and other areas of the economy, especially new ones, - more promising, in which the level of salaries is correspondingly much higher than in others. Under such conditions, the education market, the training industry, retraining of specialists, the production and «sale» by the University of the Results of applied and fundamental scientific research as a specific product become extremely significant and sometimes the only factor in the development of new spheres of the economy. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the factor of transformation of the education market into a separate element or industry of the real sector of the digital economy; identifying complementarities between public and private education systems; revealing the role of new spheres of the economy in the process of this transformation and proving that the education market is integrating with new spheres of the economy and new technologies. The work uses methods of the system approach, comparative and econometric analysis. The practical significance of the study lies in shifting the emphasis from understanding the education market as a field of training for new areas of the economy to understanding the education market as an internal component of new areas of the economy. The scientific novelty of the article can be traced in setting the question in another perspective: new areas of the economy become much more complicated than any type and level of education, and these areas transform the education market, and not vice versa.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-463
Author(s):  
Vasudevan A S

This article is a phenomenological interpretation of the myriad processes that influence the transient nature of ‘work’ and measures to retrieve the dignity it deserves. Vasu is an emerging organisational futurist whose passion is to develop management educational approaches that ensure a positive outlook of the uncertain future ahead. The differences between Eastern and Western history, especially Indian history is ingrained with a unique resilience to catastrophic events, invasions and embedded diversity. Leaning more in defence of human dignity at work according to Pablo Gilbert, Victor Frankl, World Happiness Report 2012 and the contemporary theory of autopoiesis, he conjectures a ‘FUTOPIA’ rising in the horizon, where humanistic valuing of work becomes culture. The corporate world is realizing the shifting paradigms—from end goals of profit-centric strategies and exploitation of human futures to partnerships with associates and ‘working resources’ that optimize creative contribution from work environments. At a meta level, the nation-building agenda of development is talking the language of equal opportunity for and treatment of women at work, with equitable wage parity and abolition of forced labour in the United States. Recent bills in the Indian Parliament on education and farmers’ rights and tailoring of the archaic labour laws will strengthen the negotiation for equitable fund allocation. The spirit of enterprise will boost small and medium sectors, especially farming and food product preservation, innovation and research and development (R&D), and rapid skill development will for sure retrieve the dignity tag for academics, farm labourers and those in the service sector, such as paramedics, the police, etc. According to thought leaders, corporate founders and contemporary authors, the future of work can be seen as a promising work in progress towards a new work ethic. This article risks suggesting radical steps needed in challenging traditional leadership styles and human resource (HR) practices of a growth economy that draws on patriarchal alpha-male prominence. What will replace traditional leadership styles is compassionate servant leadership, with leaders who will become designers of future ‘work’ environments.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
T. V. Serohina

The article is devoted to the study of the development of the service sector among other sectors of the economy. The social way of the vast majority of human history has not relied on the service sector, traditionally the leading role was played by sectors related to the extraction of natural raw materials, the production of products of agriculture and forestry, fishing, etc. According to the so-called three-sectoral model of the economy, these industries were the primary sector of the economy. However, during the transition of society to the post-industrial period, there was a sharp change in the correlation of the share of services in comparison with the share that accounted for the share of production. It was found out that the basis of these processes lay first of all changes in the system of social needs. It is disclosed that for today the proper level of the process of commodity production can be provided only with the involvement of certain types of services. This process is called externalization of services. This allows the production facilities to optimize their activities, in particular, by attracting legal, accounting, logistics services, etc. It has been established that the efficiency of a modern economy depends to a large extent on the integration of the sphere of services with the sphere of material production. It is revealed that the development of the infrastructure of the newest communication technologies today serves as a guarantee of success in realization of new opportunities in the market of services. In particular, in today’s conditions there is a rapid development of those services, for which the personal contact between the service provider and the recipient is not obligatory, since the process can take place in a remote mode. The influence of global changes on the subjects of natural monopolies is evaluated, as the development of technologies creates the preconditions for attracting to the markets alternative providers of services.Particular attention is paid to transnational companies that have an impact on the globalization of the services sector in an effort to eliminate barriers to scale up their activities. Trends in the service sector in general will inevitably affect the functioning of the public service delivery system.


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