scholarly journals Obesity and pregnancy: cardiovascular and metabolic risks

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
N. G. Veselovskaya ◽  
G. A. Chumakova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

In recent years, obesity has become the leader as a cardiovascular risk factor in various clinical groups, including women of childbearing age. According to epidemiological studies over the past 10 years, obesity in pregnant women is recorded in 15-38% of cases. Obesity is a proven risk factor that complicates pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. The presence of obesity in women before childbirth is a risk factor for infertility, miscarriage in the early period and congenital malformations in the fetus. Overweight and obesity in pregnant women lead to an increase in maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Despite the high prevalence of obesity in pregnant women, the mechanisms for the occurrence of complications, methods of correction and prevention have not been studied enough. Considering the unfavorable prognosis in children of obese mothers, studies are needed to assess the role of internal adipose tissue, adipokines in the formation of insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction. It is also needed to evaluate effect of systemic inflammation in the risk of developing complications in a pregnant woman and child, as well as programs for primary prevention of obesity in childbearing age.

scholarly journals The role of protein in the development of chronic disease anemia in patients with chronic cardiac failure

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 869-874
Author(s):  
V. I. Ershov ◽  
Igor Yu. Gadaev ◽  
N. I. Solomakhina ◽  
E. S. Nakhodnova ◽  
E. S. Kotova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Topical Problem ◽  
Trigger Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chronic Cardiac Failure ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
High Prevalence

The review of the current literature presents data on chronic disease anemia (CDA), a topical problem of internal medicine belonging to the group of iron-deficient anemia and taking its name from the inflammatory process behind its pathogenesis. It is also called inflammation anemia or cytokine-mediated anemia. This condition is of primary importance in connection with associated, according to recent epidemiological studies , with high prevalence of CDA that impairs quality of life, aggravates prognosis, and increases mortality. Mechanisms of CDA development are discussed with special reference to three trigger factors, viz. cytokines, erythropoietin, and the recently discovered protein hepcidin. The latter has attracted especially much attention in the past years. Iron-containing medications being inefficient in the patients with CDA, other modern approaches to their treatment designed to directly influence the pathophysiological processes behind the disease are considered with special emphasis laid on the enhancement of ferroportin activity and reduction of hepcidin synthesis.

scholarly journals Hypertension in pregnant women: a view from the perspective of the European recommendations 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
E. V. Shih ◽  
О. V. Zhukova ◽  
O. D. Ostroumova ◽  
S. S. Sharonova ◽  
K. I. Karnoukh
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Safe Medication ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Line Drug

The problem of arterial hypertension (HTN) in pregnant women is very important due to its high prevalence and severity of consequences for the mother and fetus. In Russia, hypertension is diagnosed in 5–30% pregnant women, with the increasing trend in the past decades. HTN is a risk factor for complications, both for the mother, the fetus and newborn, so HTN remains the leading cause of maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality. HTN in pregnant women is a signifcant predictor of cardiovascular disease in the future. It is also a social problem considering the increase in the cost of treatment, i.e. related to the repeated hospitalizations after childbirth. In 2018, new European recommendations on cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy and European recommendations on HTN (the latter ones include special sections devoted to hypertension in pregnant women) were published. These recommendations provide the latest data on the classifcation, diagnosis and treatment of HTN in pregnant women. Currently, methyldopa is still the frst-line drug for the treatment of HTN in pregnant women, which has proved to be an effective and safe medication in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Obesity induced hypertension: The main pathophysiological mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-268
Author(s):  
G. A. Chumakova ◽  
T. Y. Kuznetsova ◽  
M. A. Druzhilov ◽  
N. G. Veselovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Visceral Adipose

In most countries worldwide, hypertension (HTN) occupies a leading position in the structure of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and their complications. One of the main reasons for this trend is the increasing prevalence of obesity, which is becoming an important risk factor for high blood pressure (BP). The results of numerous epidemiological studies showed an association between obesity (assessed by body mass index (BMI)) and BP levels, as well as a prognostic role of BMI in relation to the development of HTN. However, there is currently no consensus on the obesity criterion that most accurately predicts the risk of HTN and associated complications. Data from prospective observational studies showed a greater prognostic value of indirect and direct indicators of abdominal and ectopic visceral adipose tissue.These facts stimulated research aimed at revealing the pathophysiological mechanisms of HTN in patients with overweight and obesity, which are reviewed in this article.

scholarly journals Anti-phospholipid syndrome and COVID-19 thrombosis: connecting the dots

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moon Ley Tung ◽  
Bryce Tan ◽  
Robin Cherian ◽  
Bharatendu Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Thromboembolic Events ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Connecting The Dots ◽  
Anti Phospholipid Syndrome

Abstract As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading rapidly worldwide, it has emerged as a leading cause of mortality, resulting in >1 million deaths over the past 10 months. The pathophysiology of COVID-19 remains unclear, posing a great challenge to the medical management of patients. Recent studies have reported an unusually high prevalence of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients, although the mechanism remains elusive. Several studies have reported the presence of aPLs in COVID-19 patients. We have noticed similarities between COVID-19 and APS, which is an autoimmune prothrombotic disease that is often associated with an infective aetiology. Molecular mimicry and endothelial dysfunction could plausibly explain the mechanism of thrombogenesis in acquired APS. In this review, we discuss the clinicopathological similarities between COVID-19 and APS, and the potential role of therapeutic targets based on the anti-phospholipid model for COVID-19 disease.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Overweight and Obesity among Somalis in Norway and Somaliland: A Comparative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheir H. Ahmed ◽  
Haakon E. Meyer ◽  
Marte K. Kjøllesdal ◽  
Ahmed A. Madar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Somali Immigrants ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Study Population ◽  
High Bmi

Background and Aim. The knowledge about the health status of Somalis in Norway and Somaliland is limited. This paper reports the results of a comparative study on the prevalence and predictors of overweight/obesity among Somalis in Norway and Somaliland. Method. We conducted two cross-sectional studies using the same tools and procedures, between 2015 and 2016. The study population was adults aged 20–69 years (n=1110 (Somaliland) and n=220 (Norway)). Results. The prevalence of obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2) was 44% and 31% in women in Norway and Somaliland, respectively. In contrast, the prevalence of obesity was low in men (9% in Norway; 6% in Somaliland). Although the prevalence of high BMI was higher in Somali women in Norway than women in Somaliland, both groups had the same prevalence of central obesity (waist circumference (WC) ≥ 88 cm). In men, the prevalence of central obesity (WC ≥ 102 cm) was lower in Somaliland than in Norway. For women in Somaliland, high BMI was associated with lower educational level and being married. Conclusion. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is high among Somali immigrants in Norway, but also among women in Somaliland. The high prevalence of overweight and obesity, particularly among women, calls for long-term prevention strategies.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Anthropocene and Capitalocene Caused Pandemics

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Madhusudan Subedi
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Global Effect ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fundamental Causes ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come

  Most epidemiological studies focus on the direct causes of diseases while wider, social causal factors are ignored. This paper briefly highlights the history of major epidemics and the role of Anthropocene and Capitalocene for the emergence and reemergence of pandemics like COVID-19. Books, journal articles, and statistics offer information that can explain the phenomena. A historical inquiry can inform us about the fundamental causes of pandemics. Human security and ecology are intertwined, and the global effect of pandemics responded to at the national level is inadequate. The lessons from the past and present help us devise effective ethically and socially appropriate strategies to mitigate the threats. If the present crisis is not taken seriously at the global level, the world has to face more difficult challenges in years to come.

Role of Phytomolecules in the Treatment of Obesity: Targets, Mechanisms and Limitations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shampa Ghosh ◽  
Srividya Manchala ◽  
Manchala Raghunath ◽  
Gaurav Sharma ◽  
Abhishek Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Gastrointestinal Problems ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
The Right

: Obesity has become a worldwide health problem. It triggers additional co-morbidities like cardiovascular diseases, cancer, depression, sleep disorders, gastrointestinal problems and many more. Excess accumulation of fat in obesity could be caused by many factors like sedentary lifestyle, consumption of high fat diet, genetic predisposition, etc. Imbalanced energy metabolism i.e., greater energy consumption than utilisation, invariably underlies obesity. Considering the high prevalence and continuous, uncontrolled increase of this major public health issue, there is an urgent need to find appropriate therapeutic agents with minimal or no side effects. The high prevalence of obesity in recent years has led to a surge in the number of drugs available in the market that claim to control obesity. Although there is a long list of medicines and management strategies that are available, selecting the right therapeutic intervention and feasible management of obesity is a challenge. Several phytochemicals like hydroxycitric acid, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins, phytohaemagglutins, thymoquinone and epigallocatechin gallate have been shown to possess promising anti-obesity properties. However, studies providing information on how various phytochemicals exert their anti-obesity effects are inadequate. This calls for more experimentation in this less explored area of research. Additionally, the complication of obesity arises when it is a result of multiple factors and associated with a number of co-morbidities. In order to handle such complexities combinatorial therapeutic interventions become effective. In this review, we have described the medicinal chemistry of different highly effective phytochemicals which can be used in the effective treatment and management of obesity.

THE ROLE OF SECRETING FUNCTION OF DECIDUA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLICATIONS OF GESTATION PROCESS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH A PAST HISTORY OF CHRONIC ENDOMETRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2416-2420
Author(s):  
Olena О. Taranovska ◽  
Volodymyr К. Likhachov ◽  
Ludmyla М. Dobrovolska ◽  
Oleg G. Makarov ◽  
Yanina V. Shymanska
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Past History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Chronic Endometritis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning

The aim: To determine the serum FAMG in the I and II trimester of pregnancy in women with a past history of chronic endometritis, and to clarify its impact on the development of pathology of pregnancy. Materials and methods: The level of FAMG was determined at 6-8 and 16-18 weeks of gestation in 135 pregnant women with a past history of chronic endometritis, who received treatment of chronic endometritis at the stage of pregravid preparation and 168 women who became pregnant without its prior treatment. The dependence of the development of pre-eclampsia on the level of FAMG at the early stages of pregnancy has been evaluated. Results: At 6-8 weeks of pregnancy, the level of FAMG in women with a past history of chronic endometritis was 20.6% lower (122.4 ± 7.6 ng/ml) compared to the control group. In FAMG of 90.3 ± 4.3 ng/ml at 6-8 weeks of gestation, spontaneous abortion occurred in 100% of cases within the next 2 weeks. FAMG lower than 122,1 ± 3,0 ng/ml can be the predisposing factor for the development of pre-eclampsia. Conclusions: Reduced FAMG in the beginning of pregnancy in women with untreated chronic endometritis in the past history increases the incidence of miscarriages at the early stages by 2.6 times, and by 1.8 times the probability of preeclampsia development. Treatment of chronic endometritis at the stage of pregravid preparation promotes the increase of FAMG by 24,6% compared to untreated women that reduces the probability of complications during the subsequent course of pregnancy.

Increasing incidence of multiple sclerosis in women in Northern Finland

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Krökki ◽  
R Bloigu ◽  
M Reunanen ◽  
AM Remes
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mcdonald Criteria ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean

Background: The geographical distribution of multiple sclerosis (MS) means that prevalence rates increase with latitude north or south of the equator. Temporally, a tendency for increased incidences of MS has been observed over the past two decades. Objectives: Since epidemiological studies of MS in areas close to the Arctic Circle are rare, we evaluated the incidence and prevalence of MS in Northern Ostrobothnia by means of a retrospective cohort study covering the period 1992–2007. Methods: Patients with a definite clinical diagnosis of MS based on the Poser criteria and the early McDonald criteria of 2001 were identified in the region of Northern Ostrobothnia (population 386,972) and the incidence was calculated at 1-year time intervals, both overall and by gender. Results: The overall prevalence was 103/100,000 (95% CI, 93–113), with a female/male ratio of 2.17. The mean overall incidence was 6.3/100,000 (95% CI, 5.2–7.2). The incidence shows a tendency to increase over the 16-year period due to a pronounced rise in the female incidence. Conclusions: Our results show a high prevalence of MS in Northern Ostrobothnia and a disproportional increase in the female MS incidence. These recent epidemiological features may be associated with environmental risk factors such as a vitamin D deficit, low life-long UV radiation and the high-latitude geographical location.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document