scholarly journals Studies Regarding the Combat of the Braches Burns Produced by the Phomopsis Vaccinii at Blueberry Bushes Cultivated in Maramures County

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Lucia MIHALESCU ◽  
Zorica VOŞGAN ◽  
Monica MARIAN ◽  
Stela JELEA ◽  
Oana MARE ROŞCA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Phomopsis Vaccinii ◽  
The One ◽  
Linear Setting ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

This study has examined the response of two species of the blueberry bushes: Elliot and Bluecrop cultivated in the climate conditions of the years 2014 and 2015 to the attack of the Phomopsis vaccinii; we have also testedand determined the biological efficiency of three fungicide products in order to recommend the best of them to be used in the bushes treatment. The attack was calculated by determining the disease frequency (F%) and its intensity (I%). We also calculated the biological efficiency for the three selected products, considered as being the best ones. We utilized the interrupted-linear setting method which consists of 5 plants/three repetitions / product and we monitored 3 plants from each repetition; 2 marginal plants were for untreated control. Our analysis of the two species pointed that the Bluecrop species has a much higher sensitivity against the pathogen than the one discovered in the Elliot species. The calculation of the biological efficiency proved that the best product Funguran OH 50 PW (90,5%) was followed by Alcupral 50 PU (88,8%) and the Copac ( 86,2%) for the Elliot variety, occupied the last place; the same hierarchy with smaller values was found for the Bluecrop variety.

Short-term Measurements of Indoor Environmental Quality in Selected Offices – Case Study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Meciarova ◽  
Silvia Vilcekova ◽  
Eva Kridlova Burdova ◽  
Ilija Zoran Apostoloski ◽  
Danica Kosicanova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
The One

Decent quality of indoor air is important for health and wellbeing of building users. We live, work and study in indoors of various types of buildings. Often people are exposed to pollutants at higher concentrations than these that occur out-doors. Continual investigation of indoor air quality is needed for ensuring comfort and healthy environment. Measuring and analysis of occurrence of physical, chemical and biological factors is the first step for suggestion of optimization measures. Inside school buildings there are often inadequate indoor climate conditions such as thermal comfort parame-ters or ventilation. The aim of this study was determination of indoor environmental quality in selected offices in the building of elementary school in Slovakia. The values of operative temperature were not within the optimum range of values for the warm period of the year in one of the monitored offices. The intensity of illumination was lower in the two offices. Low levels of particulate matters were measured except the one office where permissible value was exceeded by 7.6%.

scholarly journals Mid-Devensian climate and landscape in England: new data from Finningley, South Yorkshire

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 190577
Author(s):  
Philip I. Buckland ◽  
Mark D. Bateman ◽  
Ole Bennike ◽  
Paul C. Buckland ◽  
Brian M. Chase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Core ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Ice Core Record ◽  
Climatic Range ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Moisture Conditions

While there is extensive evidence for the Late Devensian, less is known about Early and Middle Devensian (approx. 110–30 ka) climates and environments in the UK. The Greenland ice-core record suggests the UK should have endured multiple changes, but the terrestrial palaeo-record lacks sufficient detail for confirmation from sites in the British Isles. Data from deposits at Finningley, South Yorkshire, can help redress this. A channel with organic silts, dated 40 314–39 552 cal a BP, contained plant macrofossil and insect remains showing tundra with dwarf-shrub heath and bare ground. Soil moisture conditions varied from free draining to riparian, with ponds and wetter vegetated areas. The climate was probably low arctic with snow cover during the winter. Mutual climatic range (MCR), based on Coleoptera, shows the mean monthly winter temperatures of −22 to −2°C and summer ones of 8–14°C. Periglacial structures within the basal gravel deposits and beyond the glacial limits indicate cold-climate conditions, including permafrost. A compilation of MCR reconstructions for other Middle Devensian English sites shows that marine isotope stage 3—between 59 and 28 ka—experienced substantial variation in climate consistent with the Greenland ice-core record. The exact correlation is hampered by temporal resolution, but the Finningley site stadial at approximately 40 ka may correlate with the one of the Greenland stadials 7–11.

scholarly journals Detection and Quantification of Potato virus Y Genomes in Single Aphid Stylets

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 2315-2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Khelifa
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
The One ◽  
Higher Sensitivity ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Typically, the detection of a plant virus within its vector is carried out on the entire insect body. This process can be a possible source of confusion in the quantification of transmissible virus particles for styletborne viruses such as Potato virus Y (PVY), since the transmissible virus fraction is the one only retained in the aphid vector’s mouthparts. The objective of this study was to develop and validate the quantitative PCR method for the detection and quantification of PVY in the vector’s stylet. Using a specific method based on TaqMan chemistry with higher sensitivity than conventional reverse transcription PCR, this study reveals that a significant amount of the virus is enclosed within the dissected stylets of Myzus persicae. Because this quantification only concerns the portion of the virus attached to the stylets, uniformity was observed in the recorded numbers of virus targets. This novel assay is applicable to several PVY strains as a rapid and sensitive detection method for use in PVY research and offers a convenient tool for deciphering the mechanism of Potyvirus acquisition.

scholarly journals Impurity-controlled densification: a new model for stratified polar firn

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (218) ◽  
pp. 1163-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Freitag ◽  
Sepp Kipfstuhl ◽  
Thomas Laepple ◽  
Frank Wilhelms
Keyword(s):  
Ice Cores ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Impurity Effect ◽  
Air Entrapment ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Effect Of Impurities ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

AbstractA new densification model, which simulates the effect of impurities on the densification of polar firn, is presented. The classical densification models of Herron and Langway (1980) and Pimienta and Barnola (Barnola and others, 1991) are modified by assuming that the activation energy for deformation is reduced by the impurities. Motivated by recent observations, the impurity effect is formulated on an empirical basis using the seasonally varying Ca2+ ion concentration. Excellent agreement between simulated and measured high-resolution density profiles confirms the new approach. The same parameterization applies for Greenland and Antarctica despite the one order of magnitude difference in impurity concentration. The new models allow us, for the first time, to simulate the density layering in firn down to the firn–ice transition. Our results emphasize the importance of impurities and density layering for the air entrapment and for dating gas records of deep ice cores, in particular for glacial climate conditions where the impurity concentrations are 10–100-fold higher than in modern firn.

scholarly journals Literary texts and artistic images in modern ground architecture

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Kornieieva ◽  
Maryna Diachenko
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Modern World ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Real ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
Artistic Images ◽  
The One ◽  
Modern Artists

The article focuses on the image of ground that had various meanings in the human culture from ancient times. On the one hand, it was a place of living that provided people with all means necessary for their physical survival and had an exclusively material value. On the other hand the ground was a part of myth; it was a subject of philosophical (or would-be philosophical) reflections. Step by step, humanity learned to perceive ground from artistic and aesthetic perspectives: as a place that sometimes could be beautiful by itself and sometimes needed to be decorated by people. In the modernity, the ground is more often viewed not only as a surface or a place for artistic work but as an environment or even a material for the latter. Inhabitants tend to decorate not only its aboveground but also its underground surroundings. This tendency has resulted in introduction of the modern high-tech underground buildings and the phenomenon of ecological ground architecture formation. In field of the visual design, the new approach to ground as a material for artistic activity emerged. The article presents a hypothesis that historical traditions contributed to the modern land architecture to a lesser degree. In the past the ground architecture was often awkward, pragmatic, and artistically inconsistent. It was a result of some specific materials, technological and climate conditions which people faced. At the same time, in folklore and fiction literature the aboveground and underground environments, including houses, were often depicted as artistically attractive. Therefore, for modern artists, the popular verbal and visual images of underground buildings serve as a rich source for inspiration in their work on the real-life projects in the field of ground architecture. The names and design features of some projects attest this idea. For instance, the modular “Hobbit House” created by the Green Magic Homes company makes an appeal to the literary works by J. R. R. Tolkien. The links between the modern ground architecture, literary texts and artistic images demonstrate that in the modern world not only the real life influences art, but virtual imaginative worlds begin to form the space of the reality itself.

The multifunction oil for US Army tank and automotive vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
A. V. Ivanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Engine Oil ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Military Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Desert Climate

The U.S. Army has a desire to consolidate multiple MIL specification fluids into a single specification, or Single Common Powertrain Lubricant (SCPL) program. This program is seeking to develop an all-season (arctic to desert), fuel-efficient, multi-functional powertrain fluid with extended drain capabilities and designed to consolidate multiple military lubricant specifications into a single product, or single specification. This paper covers the long term field demonstration programs of the SCPL conducted three locations, representing basic, arctic, and desert climate conditions respectively. Overall the field demonstration for all three locations was considered successful. Real world military vehicle operation using SCPL did not show any differences from currently fielded MIL-PRF-2104 and MIL-PRF-46167 products. In addition, the durability of the SCPL over the one and two year test durations showed that the SCPL is capable of extended drain intervals than the current annual oil change recommendations. These results confirms that the SCPL is a drop in replacement, and is providing improved overall performance compared to currently fielded products. The use of low viscosity engine oil was shown to have a significant impact on fuel consumption: the difference between the current MIL-PRF-2104H SAE 15W-40 grade and the best experimental fluid had an improvement of 1.66% over the test cycle.

Cr-N Strain-Gauge-Type Precision Displacement Sensor for Measuring Positions of Micro Stage

2012 ◽  
Vol 523-524 ◽  
pp. 939-944
Author(s):  
Toyohiro Azuma ◽  
Eiji Niwa ◽  
Yu Xin Peng ◽  
Junji Kaneko ◽  
Yuki Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Laser Displacement Sensor ◽  
Displacement Sensors ◽  
Direct Fabrication ◽  
Order Deformation ◽  
The One ◽  
Higher Sensitivity ◽  
Gauge Element

A strain-gauge-type precision displacement sensor, which is developed for a usage of micro-XY stage, is described in this paper. A thin-film strain-gauge element, which is made by Cr-N alloy, is directly fabricated on the base of the strain gauge. The direct fabrication and using the Cr-N element are expected to achieve higher sensitivity for displacement detection and better stability against the change of ambient temperature. In this study, several designs of the thin-film strain gauge, including both of two-gauge-type and four-gauge-type, are prepared to compare sensor performances such as sensitivity, stability and so on. The designed patterns of the strain-gauge element are directly fabricated on zirconia plates by using photolithography processes. The fabricated strain gauges are then evaluated as precision displacement sensors. At first, stability of the fabricated Cr-N strain-gauge-type displacement sensor was confirmed by comparing with the one made by a conventional strain gauge. Resolution of the fabricated Cr-N strain-gauge-type displacement sensors was then evaluated by comparing with a commercially-available laser displacement sensor, while giving sub-micrometer-order deformation to the strain-gauge-type displacement sensor. Details of the design, fabrication and evaluation results of the Cr-N strain-gauge-type displacement sensor are described.

scholarly journals CO2 Emissions from Soil Under Fodder Maize Cultivation

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Sosulski ◽  
Magdalena Szymańska ◽  
Ewa Szara
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
N Content ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
The One

The paper presents the results of a study aimed at assessing the total respiration of arable soil under maize fodder cultivation in the climate conditions of Central Poland over the dry growing season. The study was carried out between 22 April and 30 September 2012 (24 test dates). Total CO2-C emissions from the soil were measured in situ by means of the chamber method. The measured total CO2-C fluxes showed a high variability over the study period (3.63–302.31, mean 84.58 mg CO2-C m−2 h−1). Cumulative CO2-C soil emissions reached 3214.9 kg CO2-C ha−1 during the maize growing season and 106.8 kg CO2-C ha−1 in the post-harvest month. In the specific weather conditions of the year of the study (summer drought), CO2-C fluxes from the soil were stronger correlated with the soil NO3−-N content than with atmospheric temperature and soil moisture. The relationship between total soil CO2-C emissions and soil NH4+-N content was described by a negative correlation. Intensive CO2-C fluxes from the soil coincided with rapid maize development stages (8–15 leaf stage) and, to a lower extent, with earlier leave development stages. Total CO2-C emissions during the emergence, pre-reproductive and reproductive maize stages and, particularly, in the post-harvest period, were lower. Intensive nitrification of the soil, in dry season such as the one of 2012, could serve as an indicator of high CO2-C emissions from the soil. However, further studies are needed to confirm this finding. Decomposers probably used soil NH4+-N in the organic matter degradation process intensively and could compete with nitrifiers and maize roots for this soil source of mineral nitrogen.

Aerodynamic Robustness of End Wall Contouring Against Rim Seal Purge Flow

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Regina ◽  
A. I. Kalfas ◽  
R. S. Abhari ◽  
A. Lohaus ◽  
S. Voelker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Axial Turbine ◽  
Purge Flow ◽  
The One ◽  
End Wall ◽  
Stage Efficiency ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

In the present study, the results of an experimental investigation are presented, which have been undertaken in the axial turbine facility LISA at ETH Zurich. The two test configurations consist of a one-and-a-half stage, unshrouded, highly loaded axial turbine with 3-dimensionally shaped blading representative of modern high pressure gas turbines. The two test configurations differ in the hub end walls: while one design has cylindrical end walls, the other design features non-axisymmetric end wall contouring (EWC). Both turbine designs have not been especially designed for the unsteady and complex interaction mechanisms of the hub rim seal purge flow with the main annulus flow. However, these turbine designs have been subject to measurements without (nominal) and with purge flow (0.8% of the main mass flow) with the purpose of studying the aerodynamic robustness of the performance of the stages with respect to the rim seal purge flow. In order to further analyze the robustness of both turbine designs, also measurements at off-design conditions have been taken. The steady and unsteady aerodynamic effects are measured, respectively, with pneumatic probes as well as with the in-house developed and manufactured Fast Response Aerodynamic Probe (FRAP) technology. With the aim of evaluating the aerodynamic performance and robustness of the end wall design, the one result of the experimental investigation is the quantification of the sensitivity of the stage efficiency with respect to the case with and without purge flow for both turbine designs. By means of the analysis of the time-resolved flow field and characterization of the secondary flow features, their reaction to the presence of purge flow is highlighted and used as an explanation for the efficiency deficits caused by the purge flow. The measurements show a benefit in stage efficiency of +0.2% by using the end wall contouring in the nominal case, confirming the design intention and effectiveness of the contoured end walls. However, the beneficial impact of the end wall contouring is taken back by a higher sensitivity of the stage efficiency with respect to the purge flow, which causes the efficiency benefit to vanish with the investigated purge flow injection rate of 0.8%. The off-design measurements show that also the sensitivity of the stage with end wall contouring with respect to the reduction of stage loading factor is by 1/3 higher than the one of the cylindrical end walls. The measurements imply that the cost of higher stage efficiency at nominal conditions by the use of end wall contouring is paid with a higher sensitivity of the stage to changes in the rotor incoming flow field and thus with a lower aerodynamic robustness of the turbine design.

Electrospun single-crystal MoO3 nanowires for biochemistry sensing probes

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 2904-2910 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gouma ◽  
K. Kalyanasundaram ◽  
A. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The One ◽  
One Dimensional Nanostructures ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Single-crystal MoO3 nanowires were produced using the electrospinning technique. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that the one-dimensional nanostructures are 10–50 nm in diameter, on the order of 1–2 μm in length, and have the orthorhombic MoO3 structure. The structure, crystallinity, and sensoric character of these electrostatically processed nanowires are discussed. It has been demonstrated that the nonwoven network of MoO3 nanowires exhibits an order of magnitude higher sensitivity compared with that of a sol-gel based sensor. This is promising for use of the nanowire sensors in nanomedicine.

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