scholarly journals Beebread from Apis mellifera and Apis dorsata. Comparative Chemical Composition and Bioactivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Otilia BOBIS ◽  
Daniel Severus DEZMIREAN ◽  
Liviu Alexandru MARGHITAS ◽  
Victorita BONTA ◽  
Rodica MARGAOAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Apis Dorsata ◽  
Bioactive Properties

Beebread is a valuable bee product, both for bee nutrition and for humans. The high nutritional and bioactive properties of beebread were evaluated by chemical composition analysis of beebread from Apis mellifera and Apis dorsata. Bee bread harvested from Romania and India, coming from Apis mellifera and Apis dorsata bees, were evaluated for their chemical composition. Analyses were made in APHIS Laboratory from USAMV Cluj, using validated methods for bee products. Lipids were determined by the Soxhlet extraction method, total protein content was determined by Kjehldahl method, sugar spectrum was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detection (HPLC-IR). Water content of beebread samples were situated between 11.45 and 16.46%, total protein content between 16.84 and 19.19% and total lipids between 6.36 and 13.47%.  Beebread has high bioactive properties which can be expressed as antioxidant and/or antibacterial activity. Chemical composition and bioactive properties of beebread is influenced by floral origin of the pollen which the bees collect and place in combs for fermentation. Also the climatic conditions have an important role in developing different fermentation compounds, that may act as antioxidants or antibacterial agents.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of Brazilian hulless barley varieties, flour fractionation, and protein concentration

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Vieira Helm ◽  
Alicia de Francisco
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Hulless Barley

Even though hulless barley is widely known due to its nutritional potential, in Brazil it is only grown at a few agricultural experimental stations. There is no published data about the chemical composition of Brazilian hulless barley varieties; however, research laboratories have studied their agronomical characteristics. The objectives of this study were to present the chemical characterization and effect of flour fractionation on protein concentration of six Brazilian hulless barley varieties, namely IAC IBON 214/82, IAC 8612/421, IAC 8501/31, IAC 8501/12, IAPAR 39-Acumaí, and IAC 8501/22. The analyses included: ash, ether extract, total protein, starch, total insoluble and soluble dietary fiber, and beta-glucans. Flour fractionation was carried out by sieving. The flour fractions were evaluated for crude protein, protein, and protein and non-protein nitrogen. Chemical composition varied (P < 0.05) among all the varieties. IAC 8501/22, IAC 8501/31, and IAC 8501/12 showed the highest protein content (15.69, 15.25, and 14.94% respectively). Differences (P < 0.05) among the protein of the fractionated flours were detected, and might be attributed primarily to genetic background since all varieties were grown under the same environmental conditions. Fractionating the flour increased the total protein content, in some fractions, by up to 2%. These results may be useful in the food industry for the selection of hulless barley varieties for human consumption and to produce substantially protein-enriched flour fractions.

scholarly journals Protein metabolism, physicochemical properties and chemical composition of muscle tissue in Large White weaners

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
V. Khalak ◽  
A. Horchanok ◽  
O. Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Serum Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Large White ◽  
Serum Biochemical

We presented the blood serum biochemical parameters, physicochemical properties and chemical composition of muscle tissue in Large White weaners of British origin. We found that serum biochemical parameters in five months weaners were within the physiological norm (the content of total protein was 71.28 g/l (?V = 8.16%), creatinine concentration was 155.62 µmol L-1 (?V = 14.13%). Studies of physicochemical properties and chemical composition of samples of Longissinus dorsi muscle of Large White young pigs show that the number of high quality samples in terms of moisture holding capacity, % is 12.0%, colour intensity, units of ext.×1000 – 16.0%, tenderness, s – 12.0% and fat content, % – 16.0%. We revealed significant correlations between moisture holding capacity and protein content (r = -0.484, tr = 2.65), moisture holding capacity and hygroscopic moisture content (r = 0.402, tr = 2.11). The correlation between total protein content in blood serum and fat content in muscle tissue was -0.257 (tr = 1.28), whereas the correlation between serum total protein content and calcium content in muscle tissue was 0.375 (tr = 1.94).

scholarly journals USE OF PROTEIN DIETS AS A SUPPLEMENT FOR AFRICANIZED BEES Apis mellifera

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Mara Rúbia Romeu Pinto ◽  
Pedro Machado Medeiros de Albuquerque ◽  
Beatriz Veleirinho ◽  
Vitoria Sequeira Gonçalves ◽  
Vinicius Farias Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Africanized Honey Bee ◽  
Dietary Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Artificial Protein

At the nature, bees consume pollen and nectar to obtain its nutrients (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals). Changes in bee pastures have occurred as green areas and forests have been replaced by agricultural areas affecting colony health and productivity. Because of this, the efficiency of artificial protein diets for the Africanized honey bee (Apis mellifera, L.) was evaluated - considering the total protein content of the hemolymph, weight of the bees, and dietary consumption. The crude protein of the diets ranged from 12.2 to 24.4%. Newly emerged workers were caged and kept in an incubator with controlled temperature and humidity until six days old, receiving diets and water ad libitum. Hemolymph was collected from 0- and 6-day-old workers. Comparing the diets, significant differences in the protein content in the hemolymph, bee weight, and diet consumption were found among the treatments. A diet composed of 20% sugarcane yeast, 20% textured soy protein, and 60% sucrose was the most efficient according to measures of total protein in the hemolymph, bee weight and diet consumption. The use of protein sources as a supplement for hives can be a safe and viable alternative for beekeepers.

Prediction of Human Acute Toxicity by the Hep G2/24-hour/Total Protein Assay, with Protein Measurement by the CBQCA Method

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Dierickx
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Human Toxicity ◽  
Hep G2 ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
Lowry Method ◽  
Total Protein Assay

In our previously described Hep G2/24-hour/total protein assay, protein levels were measured by using the Lowry method. This assay was the best acute in vitro assay for the prediction of human toxicity within the Multicentre Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity (MEIC) study. In order to increase the MEIC data-base with a wider range of chemicals, we were interested in introducing the more practical 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) method for the quantification of the total protein content. Therefore, we investigated whether the same good results for the prediction of acute human toxicity would be obtained with the CBQCA method. The cells were treated for 24 hours, then cytotoxicity was determined by measuring the total protein content with CBQCA. The results were quantified by using the PI50c: the concentration (in mM) of test compound required to reduce the total protein content measured with the CBQCA-method by 50% as compared to the control cells. The results were compared with the PI50, the corresponding value when the Lowry method was used. A relatively low correlation was observed between PI50 and PI50c, reflecting the large and unexpected, differences when using the two protein assays. However, when comparing the log PI50c with the human toxicity, a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.761 ( n = 44) was obtained for exactly the same series of MEIC chemicals. This value is clearly higher than that for the Lowry method ( r2 = 0.695). Compared to the Lowry method originally used, the Hep G2/24-hour/CBQCA total protein assay has the additional important advantage that it can be very easily adapted for large-scale analyses with robotic systems, including the on-line calculation of the results.

Total protein content and protein synthesis within pre-elongation stage bovine embryos

1998 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Thompson ◽  
A.N.M. Sherman ◽  
N.W. Allen ◽  
L.T. McGowan ◽  
H.R. Tervit
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Bovine Embryos

scholarly journals Surface topography of hydroxyapatite affects ROS17/2.8 cells response

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto Luiz Rosa ◽  
Márcio Mateus Beloti ◽  
Richard van Noort ◽  
Paul Vincent Hatton ◽  
Anne Jane Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Alp Activity ◽  
Powder Pressing

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been used in orthopedic, dental, and maxillofacial surgery as a bone substitute. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of surface topography produced by the presence of microporosity on cell response, evaluating: cell attachment, cell morphology, cell proliferation, total protein content, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. HA discs with different percentages of microporosity (< 5%, 15%, and 30%) were confected by means of the combination of uniaxial powder pressing and different sintering conditions. ROS17/2.8 cells were cultured on HA discs. For the evaluation of attachment, cells were cultured for two hours. Cell morphology was evaluated after seven days. After seven and fourteen days, cell proliferation, total protein content, and ALP activity were measured. Data were compared by means of ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test, when appropriate. Cell attachment (p = 0.11) and total protein content (p = 0.31) were not affected by surface topography. Proliferation after 7 and 14 days (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.003, respectively), and ALP activity (p = 0.0007) were both significantly decreased by the most irregular surface (HA30). These results suggest that initial cell events were not affected by surface topography, while surfaces with more regular topography, as those present in HA with 15% or less of microporosity, favored intermediary and final events such as cell proliferation and ALP activity.

Development and regression of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (2) ◽  
pp. H268-H272 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hickson ◽  
G. T. Hammons ◽  
J. O. Holoszy
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Mitochondrial Marker ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Exercise Induced

Adult female rats were exercised by daily swimming. All the increase in heart weight induced by the exercise occurred within 14 days and averaged 30%. The half times of the increases in heart weight and total protein content were about 4.5 days, whereas that of cytochrome c, which was used as a mitochondrial marker, was 6.5 days. The total amounts of DNA and of hydroxyproline in the heart, which were used to evaluate the degree of connective tissue hyperplasia, increased only slightly (8% and 10%, respectively). Other animals were subjected to the same swimming program for 21 days. Groups of rats were killed at various time intervals after stopping exercise. Heart weight, total protein content, and total cytochrome c content decreased rapidly initially, with 60% of the total regression of hypertrophy occurring during the first week. Thereafter, heart weight fell more gradually toward the sedentary control value. The hydroxyproline content of the heart, which was increased 10%, did not decrease during the regression of the hypertrophy.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Composition of Milk from Cow, Sheep and Goat Raised in Ailano and Valle Agricola, Two Localities of ‘Alto Casertano’ (Campania Region)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Nicola Landi ◽  
Sara Ragucci ◽  
Antimo Di Maro
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Campania Region

Cow, sheep and goat raw milk raised in Ailano and Valle Agricola territories (‘Alto Casertano’, Italy) were characterized (raw proteins, free and total amino acids content) to assess milk quality. Raw milk with the highest total protein content is sheep milk followed by goat and cow milk from both localities. Total amino acid content in cow, goat and sheep raw milk is 4.58, 4.81 and 6.62 g per 100 g, respectively, in which the most abundant amino acid is glutamic acid (~20.36 g per 100 g of proteins). Vice versa, the free amino acids content characteristic profiles are different for each species. In particular, the most abundant free amino acid in cow, sheep and goat raw milk is glutamic acid (9.07 mg per 100 g), tyrosine (4.72 mg per 100 g) and glycine (4.54 mg per 100 g), respectively. In addition, goat raw milk is a source of taurine (14.92 mg per 100 g), retrieved in low amount in cow (1.38 mg per 100 g) and sheep (2.10 mg per 100 g) raw milk. Overall, raw milk from ‘Alto Casertano’ show a high total protein content and are a good source of essential amino acids.

STUDYING THE INFLUENCE OF SEASONAL FACTORS ON CASEIN AND WHEY PROTEIN CONTENT IN RAW MILK AND CHEESE YIELD

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
L. Bahdanava ◽  
A. Podryabinkina ◽  
I. Bahdanau ◽  
T. Savelyeva
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
National Average ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Seasonal Factors

The article presents the results of research to study seasonal changes in the content of total protein, casein and whey proteins in raw milk and to analyze their impact on cheese yield. It was determined that the lowest casein content in raw milk (18% lower than the national average) was observed in October and March. The linear dependence of the cheese yield on both the total protein content and casein content was established.

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