scholarly journals Theoretical aspects of socio-economic behavior of economic entities

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Abgaldaev ◽  
Marina Dambueva ◽  
Elena Mikulchinova
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

The article attempts a theoretical understanding of the socio-economic behavior of economic entities by expanding the interaction and information exchange of economists with other representatives of social Sciences (psychologists and sociologists), which will update the definition of socio-economic policy of the state. Research methods used in this article: review of scientific publications, logic, deduction, induction, comparative analysis of socio-economic changes, descriptive method. As a result of the study of publications on the subject and own observations, it was concluded that through the study of social interactions, it is possible to expand the scientific tools for the study of economic development of economic entities. It is proved that the socio-economic behavior of economic entities is formed due to the structure of preferences and dependence on the institutional environment. The authors came to the conclusion that to study the socio-economic behavior of economic entities should carry out methodologically the study on the impact of social interactions on the behavior of individuals, systematic study of social interaction in different institutional environments and their relation to economic growth, to use a new approach to determine the relationship of economic psychology and social interactions.

scholarly journals The Impact of Delayed Switch to Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy on Mortality, Depending on Definition of Failure Time and CD4 Count at Failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (8) ◽  
pp. 811-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Bell-Gorrod ◽  
Matthew P Fox ◽  
Andrew Boulle ◽  
Hans Prozesky ◽  
Robin Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Failure Time ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Switch Time ◽  
Measured Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Little is known about the functional relationship of delaying second-line treatment initiation for human immunodeficiency virus–positive patients and mortality, given a patient’s immune status. We included 7,255 patients starting antiretroviral therapy during 2004–2017, from 9 South African cohorts, with virological failure and complete baseline data. We estimated the impact of switch time on the hazard of death using inverse probability of treatment weighting of marginal structural models. The nonlinear relationship between month of switch and the 5-year survival probability, stratified by CD4 count at failure, was estimated with targeted maximum likelihood estimation. We adjusted for measured time-varying confounding by CD4 count, viral load, and visit frequency. Five-year mortality was estimated to be 10.5% (95% CI: 2.2, 18.8) for immediate switch and to be 26.6% (95% CI: 20.9, 32.3) for no switch (51.1% if CD4 count was <100 cells/mm3). The hazard of death was estimated to be 0.37 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.46) times lower if everyone had been switched immediately compared with never. The shorter the delay in switching, the lower the hazard of death—delaying 30–59 days reduced the hazard by 0.53 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.65) times and 60–119 days by 0.58 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.69) times, compared with no switch. Early treatment switch is particularly important for patients with low CD4 counts at failure.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF DESTRUCTIVE FACTORS ON THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Ivonchak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Security ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

The article highlights the main destructive factors influencing the economic security of business, namely: risks, threats and dangers, the impact of which leads to undesirable changes in the structure, functions, parameters and effectiveness of business. In the context of scientific research on the nature and relationship of the concepts of «risk», «danger», «threat», as well as their impact on business, the work of both foreign and domestic scientists. The analysis of modern economic scientific literature made it possible to explore the theoretical and methodological approaches of both domestic and foreign scientists in the interpretation of these economic categories. In turn, this allowed us to summarize and present the most common of the existing approaches to defining the categories of «threat», «risk» and «danger» using a table. According to this study, a significant variety of approaches to these economic categories was identified, which led to an imbalance among scientific views and made it difficult to establish a single link between them. In addition, groups of scientists have been singled out, where some researchers identify the concepts of «risk», «threat» and «danger», while others distinguish them and see each other's sources of origin. Given the analysis of the essence of the definition of «risk», «threat» and «danger», we present our own author's approaches to their interpretations, established the distinctions and relationships between them. The vision of interaction of categories «risk», «threat» and «danger» is resulted by means of the scheme-drawing. The importance of a clear understanding of the nature and delimitation of each of the destructive factors, which is necessary for the implementation of research methodology of economic security of business, which allows to determine their scale and assess the impact on economic security. Thus, the identification and neutralization of potential and real risks, threats and dangers that negatively affect the state and effectiveness of entrepreneurial activity, necessitate new requirements to strengthen the economic security of entrepreneurial activity, and its level will determine the ability to resist destructive factors in the long run. Thus, in turn, the results of the research provide an opportunity to prepare a basis for further research related to the definition of methods and areas of prevention and neutralization of destructive factors affecting the economic security of business.

scholarly journals Finance 4.0 as the Idea of Digital Transformation of the Financial Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-148
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Ya. Pelykh
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact

Rapid development and introduction of digital technologies has a significant impact on all areas of the economy. Everywhere causing a revision of existing paradigms, ways of interacting systems and aspects of business models. The author’s analysis of scientific publications shows that the recent financial crises are based on high risks of the traditional banking model, which are transferred to depositors and taxpayers. These processes have served as a driver for changes in the financial sector, changing existing concepts and paradigms towards the implementation of new digital approaches. The author, based on the analysis of the impact of technology on financial services, proposed the concept of Finance 4.0 implies a deep integration of digital technologies in the financial sector, which will lead to an increase in the quality and availability of services, as well as the formation of new rules that ensure healthy competition between market participants. As a result, the need for changes in both the economy as a whole and its branches is determined. This creates a need to develop current digital business models and methods for developing digital financial services. The purpose of the work is to offer a reasonable definition of Finance 4.0, as well as to identify the current requirements necessary for the implementation of the developed solutions within the financial environment. Which requires solving a number of research problems: 1. No definition of Finance 4.0. 2. Aspects of Finance 4.0 Are not defined. 3. It is Necessary to define the role of business models in the field of financial technologies. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that existing approaches to designing business models of financial services do not take into account the specifics of the idea of Finance 4.0 and the primacy of trust, which sometimes leads to the implementation of unprofitable solutions in the financial sector.

scholarly journals THE TRICK AND GAG AS THE BASIC BASIS OF ECCENTRIC MUSIC IN CLASSIC AND MODERN NUMBERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Grinie
Keyword(s):  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article explores the specifics of gag and trick in the genres of musical eccentrics and clownery as means of expression in the circus and variety. By establishing relationships and distinctive features between the trick and gag, the author discovers an innovative approach to the theoretical understanding of the clown genre and musical eccentrics.The problem of the relationship of main assets of expressiveness is considered separately in clowning and musical eccentric numbers, which gives the author the opportunity to identify discrepancies in the theoretical conclusions of Slavsky R. regarding the definition of the term "gag”. The article proves the failure of the substitution of the term gag for the term comic trick with reference to a musical eccentric.Keywords: trick classification, trick functions, dramatic gag, gag as a comic trick, walkthrough and storyline gages, basic and auxiliary means of expression, clown and musical eccentricity in the system of original circus genres

scholarly journals New orientation of study on economic psychology and behaviour

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Yucong You
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Economic Psychology ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rational Mechanism ◽  
Outward Manifestation

Abstract Economic psychology refers to the impact of psychological factors on economic changes, and its outward manifestation is economic behaviour. Psychology, as a science studying human psychology and behaviour, has no reason to ignore the study of economic activities. This study summarizes the latest research results and conclusions of economic psychology from three aspects of behaviour level, body signal and other people’s movement or displacement. In addition, it expounds the reflection of economic psychology, the reflection of rational human hypothesis of traditional economics and the prospect of future research. From the perspective of economic psychology, it is of great significance to analyse the psychological motivation behind the conflicts and interests in the study of economic psychology and behaviour so as to construct the harmonious behaviour relationship of “psychological contract” on the basis of the rational mechanism of interest distribution.

Using accounting ratios to measure construction industry lag

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Killingsworth ◽  
Mohammed Hashem Mehany ◽  
Jeff Kim
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Financial Ratios ◽  
Equity Structure ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The apparent lag between macro-economic behavior and financial implications in the construction industry is yet to be examined. The purpose of this paper is to understand the nature of the lag and the relationship between economic changes from year-to-year and the impact on the financial status of construction companies. Design/methodology/approach Correlation was made between US economic growth and construction industry financial indicators over a 28-year period. Cumulative per cent growth in US GDP was considered an independent variable, while nine financial ratios were calculated and considered dependent variables in this study. Findings The results of this study found that correlation improved when considering lag of two, three or sometimes four years after the economic event. Some financial ratios proved more sensitive than others, supporting the hypothesis of this study. Research limitations/implications The practical application of this study for construction companies is to understand how the construction industry lag impacts financial behavior. It therefore informs managerial decisions related to solvency, liquidity, equity structure and managerial practices; all of which are measured by financial ratios. Practical implications This study was intended to advance the research in this area and also to serve to strengthen industry members in their financial management of construction companies. Economic dynamics have long-lasting implications, which can be addressed through an increased focus on managing financial health. Originality/value Though the lag is intuitively known and has been studied from market perspectives, there is a lack of empirical study evaluating the impact of lag on financial key performance indicators.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Ekonomika ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 141-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidmantas Jankauskas ◽  
Janina Šeputienė
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Openness To Trade ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Economic literature recognizes three “deep determinants” of economic development: institutions, geography and openness to trade. Discussion in the literature focuses on what part of the income per capita variation can be explained by institutions, geography and openness to trade. The empirical results can’t offer a clear answer, but there is a broader agreement in the literature that institutions play a more important role than geography and openness to trade. What is unclear whether the institutions also can explain variation in per capita income across countries, in which institutional environment is to some degree similar..This article aims to explore and quantify the relationship of the income level with institutional environment, geography and openness to trade across countries, grouped according their institutional environment quality.The results reveal that extent to which the variation in GDP per capita can be associated with the quality of institutional environment differs a lot between good and bad institutional environment samples. The results in good institutional environment sample come in line with series of studies in which the strong and positive link between various measures of institutions and economic development was established and support primacy of institutions over openness to trade and geography. I In bad institutional environment sample, on the contrary,no evidence was found that institutions mean a lot in respect of differences in GDP per capita. These results should not be interpreted so as to mean that institutional environment is not important, rather the degree of “badness” makes no difference.

scholarly journals Modeling the activities of financial institutions in changing macroeconomic conditions as a stability factor of the economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 01022
Author(s):  
Ayur Ayurzanain ◽  
Oksana Darmaeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Stability Factor ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

This article is devoted to the study of the activity of financial market institutions in modern conditions, the main feature of which is the constant change in the conditions of the institutional environment and macroeconomic stability. Scientists have proved the increasing importance of financial institutions in ensuring the economic growth of the economies of States in the XXI century. The authors consider and systematize the approaches of different authors and representatives of different directions of institutionalism and economic science to the definition of the role and essence of financial institutions. Also, the main conclusions about the impact of the global financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009 and sanctions of Western countries on the activities of the institutions of the Russian financial market in 2018 are formulated, based on the collection of statistical data, calculations are made and a model is formed, as a result of which a number of conclusions are obtained. As a result of calculations of the mathematical model made in the MS Excel program on the basis of statistical data of the Central Bank of Russia characterizing a condition of the financial market in 2008, 2009 and 2018 it is revealed that in economy of Russia there were considerable changes. The proposed model of assessing the institutional impact of financial institutions on economic growth as a practical tool can use a larger number of statistical indicators for calculations and obtaining more accurate data to solve more complex scientific and practical problems.

scholarly journals DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF COMPANIES AS A TOOL OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT: АN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH OF THE IMPACT ON EFFICIENCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
E. P. Kochetkov ◽  
A. A. Zabavina ◽  
M. G. Gafarov
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Business Efficiency ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
The Impact

The economic crisis generated by the coronavirus pandemic has acted as an accelerator for the digital transformation of almost all economic entities, as a result of which it has become a massive phenomenon. However, this situation has shown that the practical development of digital transformation as a tool for business management in the digital economy requires its theoretical understanding, the formation of a theoretical basis and a scientific definition of the essence of digital transformation of companies. In particular, one of the key problems in the implementation of digital transformation at the present time is the assessment of its effectiveness, since in most cases it does not always end successfully. At the same time, knowledge of approaches and criteria for the effectiveness of digital transformation can improve the quality of its implementation. The purpose of the study is to study approaches to assessing the effectiveness of digital transformation, to determine its nature and essence at a theoretical level, as well as to conduct an econometric analysis of the contribution of digital transformation to achieving the company's efficiency.In the course of the study the existing approaches to defining the essence of digital transformation were studied, its key elements that make up the basis were established, and the existing approaches to assessing the effectiveness of digital transformation of a company and its impact on business efficiency were studied. The absence of a unified approach to assessing the effectiveness of digital transformation and the main reasons for this problem have been established. Based on the results of the regression analysis of a sample of the largest companies of the pre-digital era, implementing digital transformation, the formulated hypothesis about the impact of digital transformation on the short-term performance of the company (profitability) was refuted, which allowed us to assume the strategic nature of this tool, the results of which are formed over a lag of time.When writing the article, various scientific research methods were used: deduction and induction when conducting empirical analysis of the activities of companies implementing digital transformation, analytical methods and regression analysis.The obtained results of the study contribute to the development of the theory of assessing the effectiveness of digital transformation of business, anti-crisis management and determine the directions for further theoretical developments.

The Tremors of Tadić

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dino Kritsiotis
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
International Criminal Tribunal ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This Article considers the impact, or tremors, of paragraph 70 of the decision on interlocutory appeal on jurisdiction of the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in Prosecutor v. Tadić, which was delivered in October 1995. It establishes, and seeks to make clear, that the commitment of the Appeals Chamber in paragraph 70 of that decision was to provide definitions for both of the concepts of international and non-international armed conflicts, even though some impressions might be that the Appeals Chamber tended to run together these different concepts in order to provide a singular and overarching definition of “armed conflict.” In separate and successive turns, the Article explores the specific components of each concept as identified by the Appeals Chamber—first, for international armed conflicts, and, then, for non-international armed conflicts—before testing them against particular facts from practice as well as hypothetical examples, but the Article also makes use of a comparative investigation as to what the Appeals Chamber said for each form of armed conflict when contrasted with each other. We examine the extent to which these components have threaded themselves through subsequent practice—specifically the relationship of the 1998 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court with the concept of non-international armed conflict—so as to chart the full progress of the jurisprudence of the Appeals Chamber in the afterlife of Tadić: hence the designation of the “tremors” of Tadić.

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