scholarly journals Spatial variability of soil potassium in sugarcane areas subjected to the application of vinasse

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1999-2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAÉRCIO A. DE CARVALHO ◽  
ISMAEL MEURER ◽  
CARLOS A. DA SILVA JUNIOR ◽  
CRISTIANE F.B. SANTOS ◽  
PAULO L. LIBARDI
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Geostatistical Techniques ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels

When deposited on land the vinasse can promote improvement in fertility, however, often fertilizer application occurs in areas considered homogeneous, without taking into account the variability of the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vinasse application on potassium content in two classes of soils cultivated with sugarcane, and characterize the spatial variability of soil using geostatistical techniques. In the 2010 and 2011 crop year, soil samples were collected from an experimental grid at 0-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m depth in three soils cultivated with sugarcane, totaling 90 samplings in each grid, for the determination of pH, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), aluminum (Al) and potential acidity (H + Al). The data have been submitted to analysis of descriptive statistics and the K attribute was subjected to geostatistical analysis. The coefficient of variation indicated medium and high variability of K for the three soils. The results showed that the spatial dependence of K increased in depth to FRce and decreased to PHlv, indicating that the attribute could have followed the pattern of distribution of clay in depth. The investigation of the spatial variability of K on the surface and subsurface soils provided the definition of management zones with different levels of fertility, which can be organized into sub-areas for a more efficient management of the resources and the environment.

Institutions, Models of Capitalism and Inequality in Income Distribution: An Empirical Investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Antonelli ◽  
Pinuccia P Calia ◽  
Giovanni Guidetti
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Econometric Evidence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The article analyses the role of institutions in the determination of income inequality in a sample of OECD countries. Basing on the seminal approach by Amable, the article discusses the theoretical definition of model of capitalism. The basic idea is that each model of capitalism is defined by the cobweb of complementary relationships established among different institutions. Using a set of statistical indicators of the operation of institutions in two different years, 1995 and 2010, the empirical analysis points out five models of capitalism and exhibits how their composition has changed in this lapse of 15 years. In the following sections of the article, we investigate the role played by the model of capitalism in the determination of income distribution, measured through a standard Gini index. After controlling for a set of variables, the econometric evidence shows that different models of capitalism present significantly different levels of income inequality.

scholarly journals Determination of homogeneous zones for liming recommendations of black pepper using geostatistics

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 918-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivoney Gontijo ◽  
Eduardo O. de J. Santos ◽  
Fábio L. Partelli ◽  
Andreia B. P. L. Gontijo ◽  
Fábio R. Pires
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Spatial Dependency ◽  
Soil Liming ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Agricultural Input

ABSTRACT Studies aimed at determining homogeneous zones and the spatial variability of soil characteristics may improve the efficiency of agricultural input applications. The purpose of this study was to determine homogeneous zones for liming applications and to characterize the spatial variability of characteristics related to soil acidity and productivity in an Oxisol cultivated with black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). This study was carried out in São Mateus, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The experimental site was 100 x 120 m. A grid with 126 sampling points was established. Three soil sub-samples were collected at each sampling point in the black pepper canopy areas, at a 0-0.20 m depth. Crop productivity was estimated by harvesting the three plants neighboring each sampling point. Descriptive statistics and geostatistical analyses were performed. Homogeneous management zones were defined based on map of liming needs. Mathematical models adjusted to semivariograms indicated that all of the studied variables exhibited spatial dependency. An analysis of the spatial variability together with the definition of homogeneous zones can be used to increase the efficiency of soil liming.

scholarly journals Determination of management zones from normalized and standardized equivalent produtivity maps in the soybean culture

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 895-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazieli Suszek ◽  
Eduardo G. de Souza ◽  
Miguel A. Uribe-Opazo ◽  
Lucia H. P. Nobrega
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Standard Score ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
Productive Area ◽  
Definition Of

Through the site-specific management, the precision agriculture brings new techniques for the agricultural sector, as well as a larger detailing of the used methods and increase of the global efficiency of the system. The objective of this work was to analyze two techniques for definition of management zones using soybean yield maps, in a productive area handled with localized fertilization and other with conventional fertilization. The sampling area has 1.74 ha, with 128 plots with site-specific fertilization and 128 plots with conventional fertilization. The productivity data were normalized by two techniques (normalized and standardized equivalent productivity), being later classified in management zones. It can be concluded that the two methods of management zones definition had revealed to be efficient, presenting similarities in the data disposal. Due to the fact that the equivalent standardized productivity uses standard score, it contemplates a better statistics justification.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of soil attributes and sugarcane yield in relation to topographic location

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1250-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zigomar M. de Souza ◽  
Domingos G. P. Cerri ◽  
Paulo S. G. Magalhães ◽  
Diego S. Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Sugarcane Yield ◽  
Definition Of

Soils submitted to the same management system in places with little variation of landscape, manifest differentiated spatial variability of their attributes and crop yield. The aim of this work was to investigate the correlation between spatial variability of the soil attributes and sugarcane yield as a result of soil topography. To achieve this objective, a test area of 42 ha located at the São João Sugar Mill, in Araras, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, was selected. Sugarcane yield was measured with a yield monitor fitted in a sugarcane harvester and GPS signal. A total of 170 soil samples were taken at regular 50 m grid, at a depth of 0 - 0.2 m. The area under study was divided into two sites based on topography. The following soil attributes were analysed: organic matter (OM) content, exchangeable potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), their base saturation percentage (%BS), cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, clay, silt, total sand and density. The use of landscape and geostatistics enable defining areas with different spatial variability in soil attributes and crop yield, providing the visualization and definition of homogeneous management zones. The largest spatial variability of soil attributes and sugarcane yield was in the lowest part of the field.

scholarly journals Identificación de zonas de manejo sitio-específico a partir de la combinación de variables de suelo

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Córdoba ◽  
Mónica Balzarini ◽  
Cecilia Bruno ◽  
José Luis Costa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Regionalized Variables ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Specific Management

<p>El manejo sitio-específico demanda la identificación de sub-regiones homogéneas, o zonas de manejo (ZM), dentro del espacio productivo. Sin embargo, definir ZM suele ser complejo debido a que la variabilidad espacial del suelo puede depender de varias variables. La zonificación o delimitación de ZM puede realizarse utilizando una variable de suelo a la vez o considerando varias variables simultáneamente. Entre los métodos de análisis multivariado, difundido para la zonificación, se encuentra el análisis de conglomerados fuzzy k-means (KM) y el análisis de componentes principales (PCA). No obstante, como otros métodos multivariados, éstos no han sido desarrollados específicamente para datos georreferenciados. Una nueva versión del PCA, conocido como MULTISPATI-PCA (PCAe), permite contemplar la autocorrelación espacial entre datos de variables regionalizadas. El objetivo de este estudio fue proponer una nueva estrategia de análisis para la identificación de ZM, combinando la aplicación KM y PCAe sobre datos de múltiples variables de suelo. La capacidad del método propuesto se evaluó en base a la comparación de los rendimientos promedios alcanzados en cada zona delimitada, tanto para la combinación de KM con PCA, la aplicación tradicional de KM sobre las variables originales y la nueva propuesta KM-PCAe. Los resultados mostraron que KM-PCAe fue el único método que permitió distinguir zonas estadísticamente diferentes en cuanto al potencial productivo. Se concluye que la combinación propuesta constituye una herramienta importante para el mapeo de la variabilidad espacial y la identificación de ZM a partir de datos georreferenciados. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Identification of site-specific management zones from combination of soil variables</strong></p>Site-specific management demands the identification of homogeneous subfield regions within the field or management zones (MZ). However, due to the spatial variability of soil variables, determination of MZ from several variables, is often complex. Although the zonification or delimitation of MZ may be univariate, it is more appropriate to consider all variables simultaneously. Fuzzy k-means clustering (KM) and principal component analysis (PCA) are multivariate analyses that have been used for zonification. Nevertheless, PCA and KM have not been explicitly developed for georeferenced data. Novel versions of PCA, known as MULTISPATI-PCA (PCAe), incorporate spatial autocorrelation among data of neighbor sites of regionalized variables. The objective of this study was to propose a new analytical tool to identify homogeneous zones from the combination of KM and PCAe on multiple soil variable data. The performance of proposed method was assessed through comparison of the average yields obtained in each zone delimited by combination of KM with PCA, as well as KM on the original variables and the new proposed method KM-PCAe. The results showed that KM-PCAe was the only method able to identify zones statistically different in terms of production potential. PCAe and its combination with KM are useful tools to map spatial variability and to identify MZ within fields from georeferenced data.

scholarly journals Effect of potassium fertilization on its available and fixed content in vineyard soil

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Licina ◽  
N. Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
First Year ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
K Fertilizer

The experiment was conducted on brown forest soil in the vineyard with Sauvignon blanc variety on Kober 5BB rootstock. During a thre- year experiment (1994-1996), potassium fertilizer was added in a dose of 0 kg K2O/ha, 50 kg K2O/ha, 100 kg K2O/ha, 150 K2O/ha respectively. After the determination of soil potassium content (1870-1920 mg K2O/100 g), its available form was monitored by using two different extraction methods (AL method and 1N ammonium-acetate extraction). The amount of extracted available K was not significant between the used methods, while the effect of fertilization was visible only at 150 kg/ha potassium rate during the first year in soil layers (30-60 cm, 60-90 cm). Also, another examined soil K fraction (fixed K+) was not affected by K fertilizer application.

scholarly journals CHANGE DETECTION IN FORESTS AND SAVANNAS USING STATISTICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON GEOGRAPHICAL OBJECTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucilia Rezende Leite ◽  
Luis Marcelo Tavares de Carvalho ◽  
Fortunato Menezes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Visual Detection ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Segmentation Of Images ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Reflectance Data

The aim of this work was to assess techniques of land cover change detection in areas of Brazilian Forest and Savanna, using Landsat 5/TM images, and two iterative statistical methodologies based on geographical objects. The sensitivity of the methodologies was assessed in relation to the heterogeneity of the input data, the use of reflectance data and vegetation indices, and the use of different levels of confidence. The periods analyzed were from 2000 to 2006, and from 2006 to 2010. After the segmentation of images, the descriptive statistics average and standard deviation of each object were extracted. The determination of change objects was realized in an iterative way based on the Mahalanobis Distance and the chi-square distribution. The results were validated with an early visual detection and analyzed according to Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve. Significant gains were obtained by using vegetation masks and bands 3 and 4 for both areas tested with 94,67% and 95,02% of the objects correctly detected as changes, respectively for the areas of Forest and Savanna. The use of the NDVI and different images were not satisfactory in this study.

scholarly journals The model of the organizational and technical weapons and military equipment recovery system

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 194-208
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kotsiuruba ◽  
Vladimir Dachkovskyі ◽  
Tymur Kurtseitov
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Rational Structure ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Different Levels

Analysis of wars and armed conflicts in recent years and the performance of tasks by military units (subunits) in a United Forces operation (anti-terrorist operation) confirms that the success of the troops (forces) in performing tasks will depend on the performance of the logistics system. The availability of military units with serviceable weapons and military equipment (WME) ensures the fulfillment of the mission and the advantage over the enemy. At the same time, the timeliness of providing military units (subunits) with serviceable weapons and military equipment depends on the efficiency of the logistics system, namely, on the recovery subsystem, which is its component. However, as studies have shown, there is currently insufficient sufficiency of the recovery system. All this is related to the definition of the composition of forces and means and the structure of the WME recovery system at different levels of the hierarchy. Therefore, in the article, it is considered that for the WME recovery system, the main parameter is the allowable time of WME recovery, differentiated by levels of complexity of tasks. Determination of this parameter for the basic variant of construction of WME recovery system is proposed using the average indicator of the intensity of the flow of possible volumes of tasks on the WME recovery. To determine the rational structure of WME recovery system and to calculate its main parameters the combined method of optimization of WME recovery system was used. Containing two stages: on the first - based on the requirements to the permissible terms of WME recovery system, the rational structure of the recovery system is defined, and on the second – using the method of statistical modeling, the parameters of the structure and composition of forces and means of the WME recovery system at each level of the hierarchy are defined.

scholarly journals MATURITY MODEL OF INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Velimir R Komadinić ◽  
Vidosav D Majstorović
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Maturity Model ◽  
Process Maturity ◽  
Integrated Management System ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Organization Process ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels

In today's conditions, linking individual standardized management systems into one integrated management system (IMS) is the ultimate task. IMS, as a method for effective and efficient management of the organization, can work on different qualitative levels, and at different levels of maturity. Researching models of maturity of the organization, process maturity, level of excellence and using analogy with these models, this paper will define the IMS maturity model. It will describe each of the five levels of the maturity model IMS. For the definition of certain levels of the IMS maturity model ISO 9004 and ISO 10014 were used, as well as the author's experience in design and implementation of integrated management systems.

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