scholarly journals Performance of adjuvant treatment correlates with survival in reoperated glioblastomas

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 887-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willey Gonçalves Zanovello ◽  
Suzana M. F. Malheiros ◽  
João Norberto Stavale ◽  
Orestes P. Lanzoni ◽  
Miguel M. Canteras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Healthcare Service ◽  
Median Overall Survival ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Recurrent Glioblastoma ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Single Factor

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze cases of recurrent glioblastoma subjected to reoperation at a Brazilian public healthcare service. Methods A total of 39 patients subjected to reoperation for recurrent glioblastoma at the Department of Neurosurgery, São Paulo Hospital, Federal University of São Paulo, from January 2000 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The median overall survival was 20 months (95% confidence interval – CI = 14.9–25.2), and the median survival after reoperation was 9.1 months (95%CI: 2.8–15.4). The performance of adjuvant treatment after the first operation was the single factor associated with overall survival on multivariate analysis (relative risk – RR = 0.3; 95%CI = 0.2–0.7); p = 0.005). Conclusion The length of survival of patients subjected to reoperation for glioblastoma at a Brazilian public healthcare service was similar to the length reported in the literature. Reoperation should be considered as a therapeutic option for selected patients.

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitudes towards dementia in a sample of medical residents from a university-hospital in São Paulo, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ferrari Jacinto ◽  
Paulo José Fortes Villas Boas ◽  
Vânia Ferreira de Sá Mayoral ◽  
Vanessa de Albuquerque Citero
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Medical Residents ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Dementia Prevalence ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes

An estimated 61% of the 24.3 million people diagnosed with dementia worldwide live in underdeveloped countries, including Brazil, where a public healthcare system covers the majority of the population. This care is usually provided by General Practitioners (GP) and in Brazil many doctors recently graduated from medical school and residents of different medical specialties practice as GPs. Objective : The aim of this study was to describe the knowledge and attitudes about dementia in a sample of Brazilian medical residents from a university-hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods : A total of 152 Brazilian medical residents participated in the study. Participants answered a "Knowledge Quiz" (KQ) and "Attitude Quiz" (AQ) about dementia issues, transculturally adapted for use in Brazilian physicians. A descriptive analysis of the correct answers on knowledge and of the attitude aspects was performed. Results : The medical residents showed poor knowledge (<50%) about dementia prevalence and incidence and a good knowledge on disease management and diagnosis. Participants tended to be optimistic about caring for demented patients. Conclusion : In this study, it is likely that the physicians' good knowledge about dementia issues is the reason for their optimism dealing with demented patients.

Experience with Sorafenib in 3 Hospitals in Sao Paulo

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 0-10
Author(s):  
Rogério Camargo-Pinheiro-Alves ◽  
Daniele E. Viera-Alves ◽  
Arthur Malzyner ◽  
Otavio Gampel ◽  
Thaisa de F. Almeida-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Sorafenib Therapy

Introduction and aim. Sorafenib has been the standard of care for first-line treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, a complex disease that affects an extremely heterogenous population. Thereby requiring multidisciplinary individualized treatment strategies that match the disease characteristics and the patients’ specific needs. Material and methods. Data for 175 patients who received sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma in three different hospitals in Sao Paulo, Brazil over a span of nine years were retrospectively analyzed. Results. The median age was 62 years. Percentages of patients with Child-Pugh A, B and C liver cirrhosis were 61%, 31% and 5%, respectively. Approximately half of the patients had Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B disease, and the other half had stage C. The median treatment duration was 253 days. Sorafenib dose was reduced to 400 mg/day in 41% of the patients due to toxicity. Overall objective response rate as per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors and its modified version was 39%. Patients who received transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) at any point during sorafenib therapy were significantly more likely to experience an objective response. After a median follow-up of 339 days, the median overall survival was 380 days. Child-Pugh cirrhosis, tumor response and concomitant chemoembolization were independent prognostic factors for overall survival in multivariate analysis. Conclusion. Our results suggest that, in experienced hands, sorafenib therapy may benefit carefully selected hepatocellular carcinoma patients for whom other therapies are initially contraindicated, including those patients with Child-Pugh B liver function and those patients who are subsequently treated with concomitant TACE.

Methylation of MGMT in paired primary and recurrent GBMs.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (30_suppl) ◽  
pp. 65-65
Author(s):  
Li Bie ◽  
Feng Xian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Promoter Methylation ◽  
Median Overall Survival ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Recurrent Glioblastoma ◽  
Mgmt Promoter Methylation ◽  
Recurrent Tumors ◽  
Mgmt Promoter ◽  
The Relationship

65 Background: Epigenetic sliencing of the MGMT gene promoter in primary glioblastomas of patients subsequently treated with TMZ is associated with prolonged survival. Further, several studies have observed a change in MGMT silencing in paired primary and recurrent glioblastoma. However, the relationship between this “MGMT switch” and patients outcome is largely unknown. Methods: The study involved primary and recurrent tumor tissue samples from 53 glioblastoma patients diagnosed and treated within the First Hospital of Jilin University from January 2003 to November 2010. After surgical treatment, all patients were subjected to radiotherapy with concomitant administration of TMZ. Patients that experienced recurrent tumors received TMZ. 53 patients underwent 58 further operations after recurrence (5 pats received a third surgery). MGMT promoter methylation levels were determined using qMSP. The relationship between “MGMT switch” and clinical outcome was investigated. Results: 53 (M/F=33/20; median age: 49.2±3.6, 19.5-72.3 ys) underwent a first operation for GBM. qMSP analysis revealed MGMT promoter methylation in 19 pats (35.8%, A, OS 31.5 ms); no methylation in 34 pats (64.2%, B, OS 7.9 ms). In the recurrent tumors, MGMT promoter methylation was detected in 25 pats (47.2%); and no methylation in 28 pats (52.8%). Comparison of individual pairs of primary and recurrent GBMs revealed a changed methylation status in 10 (18.9%), including 8 changed from unmethylated to methylated tumors (15.1%, C, OS 29.4 ms), 2 changed from methylated to unmethylated tumors (3.8%, D, OS 10.5 ms). Median overall survival (OS) was 12.1 months. MGMT promoter methylation was significantly associated with a favorable clinical outcome (A vs B, p=0.0027). The outcome of patients were not significant different between group A and group C (p>0.01). Conclusions: The methylation status of the MGMT promoter was altered in 10 (18.9%) of 53 recurrent GBM after chemoradiotherapy. 8 patients the promoter changed from unmethylated to methylated and these patients had a median overall survival similar to the better prognosis of patients who had a methylated promoter in their primary tumor. 2 pats where a change from methylated to unmethylated was observed had a poorer outcome.

scholarly journals Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma: A Clinical and Epidemiological Analysis at the Medicine School of Sao Paulo University

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 5091-5091
Author(s):  
Ana Costa Cordeiro ◽  
Luis Alberto de Padua Covas Lage ◽  
Renata Oliveira Costa ◽  
Debora Levy ◽  
Juliana Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Cell Leukaemia ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
T Cell Leukemia ◽  
Cell Leukemia ◽  
First Line ◽  
Adult T Cell Leukemia ◽  
Average Survival

Abstract Background: Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a rare disease described in Japan in 1977 and associated with human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1) infection. It is classified into four subgroups [1]: smoldering and chronic forms which are considered indolent and acute and lymphoma subtypes that present an aggressive behavior and short overall survival (OS) despite the treatment. Here, we describe an ATLL experience at a reference cancer treatment institution in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 29 ATLL patients who were attended from June/2006 to June/2015 at the Medicine School of Sao Paulo University, Brazil. ATLL was classified according to Shimoyama criteria [1] and Levine score [2] was used to estimate the probability of ATLL diagnosis. All patients were HTLV-1+. In the leukemic subtypes of ATLL, the neoplastic cells were CD3+/CD4+/CD8- or CD3+/CD4-/CD8- along with CD25+ and lack of CD7 expression. In the lymphoma type all patients showed a peripheral T cell lymphoma on their tissue biopsy. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism Version 5.0 software. Results: Table 1 shows the clinical characteristics of patients on diagnosis. Acute ATLL was associated with higher Levine's score. The average age on diagnosis was 48.82 years old (18.69-74.26). Our data is in accordance with previous Brazilian studies that showed lower average age on diagnosis. This could be related to earlier infection, intrinsic characteristics of virus strains circulating in Americas or host immune particularities. There was confection with B hepatitis, C hepatitis and HIV in three, two and one case, respectively. Forty-five per cent of the patients had skin lesions and eight patients presented central nervous system disease (4 of acute ATLL). No patient had concomitant HTLV-I-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis. In our practice, smoldering ATLL was usually held in a watchfull-waiting approach. All six chronic ATLL patients were treated with interferon alpha and zidovudine (IFN+AZT) first-line. Progression-free survival (PFS) was 36.06 months and 12.4 months for smoldering and chronic subtypes, respectively. Acute and lymphoma subtypes had been treated with polichemotherapy, usually with CHOEP regimen (vincristine 1,4 mg/m2 i.v D1, doxorubicin 50mg/m2 i.v D1, cyclophosphamide 750mg/m2 i.v D1, etoposide 750 mg/m2 i.v D1, dexamethasone 20 mg i.v on day 1, prednisone 100 mg days 2 to 5) first-line. Overall average survival for lymphoma ATLL was 11.57 months, shorter than previous reports (average of 16 months, 86% treated with CHOP regimen [3]; survival of 19.7 months LSG15 protocol [4]). Eleven in 15 patients with acute ATLL had died after an average of 8.5 months (2.3 - 15.5) after the diagnosis. Overall survival for all subtypes was 15.17months (fig 1A), and 59.03; 44.47; 11.75 and 5.8 months (p= 0.0634) for smoldering, chronic, lymphoma and acute subtypes, respectively (fig 1B). Conclusion: We found an OS of 5.8 months for acute ATLL treated with chemotherapy as first-line, which is comparable to literature (average survival of 6 months [3]) but shorter than those patients treated with first-line IFN+AZT (average survival of 9 months [3]). In our setting it is still scarcely available trioxide arsenic and clinical trials for ATLL, and allogenic transplant related to mortality is still high. We are therefore changing our practice according to recent recommendations and aiming to treat leukemic ATLL first-line with higher tolerated doses of IFN+AZT to improve our survival curve. References 1. Shimoyama M. Diagnostic criteria and classification of clinical subtypes of adultT-cell leukaemia-lymphoma. A report from the Lymphoma Study Group (1984-87). Br J Haematol. 1991; 79(3):428-37. 2. Levine PH, et al. AdultT-cell leukemia/lymphoma: a working point-score classification for epidemiological studies. Int J Cancer. 1994; 59(4):491-3. 3. Bazarbachi A, et al. Meta-analysis on the use of zidovudine and interferon alfa in adult t cell leukemia/lymphoma showing improved survival in the leukemic subtypes. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28(27):4177-83. 4. Yamada Y, et al. A new gcsf supported combination chemotherapy LSG15, for adult T-Cell leukaemia -lymphoma: japan clinical oncology group study 9303. Br J Haematol 2001; 113(2):375-82. Table 1. Patient characteristics at diagnosis Table 1. Patient characteristics at diagnosis Figure 1. Overall survival for all casuistic (A) and for each subtype of ATLL patients (B). Figure 1. Overall survival for all casuistic (A) and for each subtype of ATLL patients (B). Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Sequential treatment with ipilimumab and BRAF inhibitors in patients with metastatic melanoma: Data from the Italian cohort of ipilimumab expanded access programme (EAP).

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9035-9035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Antonio Ascierto ◽  
Ester Simeone ◽  
Vanna Chiarion-Sileni ◽  
Paola Queirolo ◽  
Michele Del Vecchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Median Overall Survival ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Braf Inhibitor ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Sequential Treatment ◽  
Braf Inhibitors ◽  
A Prospective Study

9035 Background: Ipilimumab and vemurafenib have recently been approved as single agents for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently, limited data exist on the sequential treatment with these agents in patients (pts) with the BRAF mutation; here we evaluate the efficacy outcomes of pts enrolled in the EAP in Italy who sequentially received a BRAF-inhibitor and ipilimumab, or vice versa. Methods: Ipilimumab was available upon physician request for pts aged ≥16 years with unresectable stage III/stage IV melanoma who had either failed systemic therapy or were intolerant to ≥1 systemic treatment and for whom no other therapeutic option was available. Ipilimumab 3 mg/kg was administered intravenously every 3 weeks for 4 doses. Tumour assessments were conducted at baseline and after completion of induction therapy using immune-related response criteria. Patients were considered for this analysis if they tested positive for the BRAF mutation and had received a BRAF-inhibitor before or after ipilimumab treatment. Results: In total, 855 Italian pts participated in the EAP from June 2010 to January 2012 across 55 centres. Out of 173 BRAF positive pts, 93 (53.7%) were treated sequentially with both treatments: 48 pts received a BRAF inhibitor upon disease progression with ipilimumab and 45 pts received ipilimumab upon disease progression with a BRAF inhibitor. As of December 2012, median overall survival was 14.5 months (11.1-17.9) and 9.7 months (4.6-14.9) for the two groups, respectively (p=0.01). Among the 45 BRAF inhibitors pretreated pts, 18 (40%) had rapid disease progression (median overall survival: 5.8 months) and were unable to complete all four induction doses of ipilimumab, while the remaining 27 (60%) pts had slower disease progression (median overall survival: 19.3 months) and were able to complete the therapy with ipilimumab. Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that, in BRAF-mutated pts, to start the sequential treatment with ipilimumab can provide a better survival than the reverse sequence. These findings deserve confirmation in a prospective study.

P05.04 Reradiation by reccurent gliomas with VMAT (Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy) technique- survival benefit

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii23-ii24
Author(s):  
M Theodorou ◽  
I Polycarpou
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Median Overall Survival ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Recurrent Glioblastoma ◽  
Recurrent Glioma ◽  
Technique Survival ◽  
Glioma Recurrence

Abstract BACKGROUND Patients who have been treated with reirradiation for recurrent glioma reported survival benefits. Limited data are available for the outcomes after fractionated re-irradiation. This study aims to investigate whether re-irradiation of recurrent glioma with 45Gy dose can increase the overall survival of patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of 35 patients re-irradiated for high-grade glioma recurrence between 2012 and 2020 was performed. All included patients met the following criteria: a) histopathological confirmation of primary brain cancer at initial diagnosis; b) a history of initial primary radiation; c) histological and/or imaging modality confirmation of recurrence. Outcome metrics included overall survival, prognostic factors for survival, and treatment-related toxicity. RESULTS After the end of re-irradiation the median overall survival was 11 months (95% confidence interval, 7–14 months). From the patients evaluated in the current study after the end of re-irradiation the progression free survival was 6 months (3.8 - 8 months) while after the end of first radiation was 13 months (8 - 17.9 months). Our findings suggest that re-irradiation might prolong survival rates. CONCLUSION Recurrent Glioblastoma WHO IV is associated with a median overall survival of less than a year and the majority of patients have profound tumor-related symptoms.The results of this study suggest that re-irradiation may prolong the overall survival.

Inequalities in overall survival of oropharynx, oral cavity, and larynx cancers in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
F S Menezes ◽  
A M B de Oliveira ◽  
T N Toporcov
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Social Disparities ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

Abstract Socioeconomic inequalities in the survival of head and neck cancer is a widespread concern in developing countries. In Brazil, there are severe social disparities that include access to healthcare. In this context, we investigated whether social inequalities impact the overall survival of patients diagnosed with larynx, oral cavity, and oropharynx cancers in São Paulo State (2000-2018). This hospital-based cohort study used data provided by the São Paulo Oncocentro Foundation (FOSP) in São Paulo State, Brazil. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazard models to calculate the hazard ratio (HR). We considered a confidence level of 95% (95%CI) to indicate statistical significance. Out of the 816,393 cases recorded in the São Paulo State, a total of 37,191 cases occurred in larynx (n = 12,095), oral cavity (n = 12,858), and oropharynx (n = 12,238). The OS was 40.3%, 31.7%, and 23.6% for larynx, oral cavity, and oropharynx cancers, respectively. In multivariable Cox regression, formal education lower than 9 years increased the risk of death in oropharynx cancers (HR = 1.11; 95%CI= 1.05; 1.17), oral cavity cancers (HR = 1.06; 95%CI= 1.01; 1.12), and larynx cancers (HR = 1.09; 95%CI= 1.03; 1.16). The public healthcare assistance has shown to be a factor for a higher risk of death by 79% for oropharynx in comparison to private healthcare assistance, adjusted by age group, gender, clinical staging, and therapy modalities (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery). In conclusion, there is a remarkable social inequality at individual level in São Paulo State that poses a challenge to public the health in order to improve the overall survival in Brazilian patients. Key messages Social inequalities reduce the overall survival in oropharynx, oral cavity, and larynx cancers in São Paulo State, Brazil. Tackling social disparities is crucial since they play an essential role in the prognosis of Brazilian patients with oropharynx, oral cavity, and larynx cancers.

scholarly journals CTIM-09. DOUBLE-BLINDED, PLACEBO CONTROLLED PHASE 2 STUDY OF ERC1671 IN RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA: VACCINE OVERALL SURVIVAL IN BEVACIZUMAB NAIVE AND BEVACIZUMAB RESISTANT PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii34-ii34
Author(s):  
Daniela Bota ◽  
Thomas Taylor ◽  
Xiao-Tang Kong ◽  
Beverly Fu ◽  
Frank Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Median Overall Survival ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccine ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Recurrent Glioblastoma ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Phase 2 Study ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Double Blinded

Abstract ERC1671 is an allogeneic/autologous therapeutic vaccine – composed of whole, inactivated tumor cells mixed with tumor- cell lysates. The hypothesized action of ERC1671 is to potentiate the patients’ immune system against the tumor. Goals of this ongoing, phase 2 study are to determine the safety and effectiveness (overall survival) of ERC1671 in combination with GM-CSF and cyclophosphamide as an add-on treatment to bevacizumab at the time of GBM recurrence. To date 22 recurrent bevacizumab-naïve rGBM patients have been randomized to ERC1671/GM-CSF/Cyclophosphamide + Bevacizumab or Placebo + Bevacizumab. Median age is 56.5 (33–74), 7 patients (32%) are female, and average KPS is 82.3 (70–100). Of the 22, two discontinued before completing one cycle of therapy and two remain on blinded treatment. Currently 18 patients are unblinded due to further progression: 8 were on vaccine and 10 on placebo. Five of those on placebo crossed to vaccine at progression. All but one of the 18 are now deceased. Median overall survival of unblinded patients randomized to ERC1671 + Bevacizumab (n = 8) is 264.5 days from the start of study treatment, compared to 182 days for those randomized to placebo + Bevacizumab who did not cross over (n = 5). Median overall survival of unblinded patients on vaccine at randomization or crossover is 328 days after first study treatment (n = 13). While sparse, the data to date suggest pre-treatment and maximal CD4+T lymphocyte count in the peripheral blood correlate with OS more strongly in the ERC1671 group than in the placebo group. First clinical results for toxicity show no difference in the distribution of AEs between the Vaccine and Placebo groups, with no Gr4/Gr5 AEs in either group. This phase 2 randomized, double-blinded study is ongoing, with the addition of one more site.

scholarly journals Heart surgery programs innovation using surgical risk stratification at the São Paulo State Public Healthcare System: SP-SCORE-SUS STUDY

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Asdrúbal Vilca Mejía ◽  
Luiz Augusto Ferreira Lisboa ◽  
Luis Alberto Oliveira Dallan ◽  
Pablo Maria Alberto Pomerantzeff ◽  
Evelinda Marramon Trindade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Surgical Risk ◽  
Public Healthcare System ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

scholarly journals Saliva as a Reliable Sample for COVID-19 Diagnosis in Paediatric Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvina C. Felix ◽  
Anderson V. de Paula ◽  
Andreia C. Ribeiro ◽  
Francini C. da Silva ◽  
Marta Inemami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
The Mean

AbstractSaliva has been described a less invasive and easy to handle sample, compared to nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS), in the diagnosis of COVID-19 in adults. Although the advantages of using saliva is still more evident in paediatric patients, little is now about its sensitivity in this group. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of saliva to that of NPS in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in paediatric patients with mild symptoms. This study evaluated saliva samples from children with suspected COVID-19 who attended public healthcare services of Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil. Children were asked to spit into a sterile container for collection of about 1ml of saliva after the NPS collection. SARS-COV-2 detection was performed by using the Altona RealStar® SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Kit 1.0. The sample consisted of 50 patients, in which 27 were girls (54%) and 23 were boys (46%). Ten were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in at least one sample collected. The mean age was 10.24 ± 3.52 years old and saliva was collected after 4.76 ± 1.31 days from the symptoms. Saliva and NPS have showed the same performance in the SARS-CoV-2 detection (k = 0.865, P < 0.001). In conclusion, saliva is a reliable alternative sample for COVID-19 diagnosis in paediatric population.

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