scholarly journals Biometry in Umbu fruits from the semi-arid region of Paraiba

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Rodrigo Araújo Pereira ◽  
Walter Esfrain Pereira ◽  
Angela Maria dos Santos Pessoa ◽  
Erika Socorro Alves Graciano de Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Umbu fruits from four municipalities of Paraíba were morphologically characterized in order to identify promising genotypes for fresh consumption and agro-industrial use. We used 400 fruits from parent plants located in São Vicente do Seridó, Queimadas, Boqueirão, and Cabaceiras and 40 commercial fruits from two open fairs in Campina Grande, PB. The experimental unit consisted of ten fruits. The fruits were analyzed for total mass (MTF), length (LC), diameter (DF), fresh matter (MMF), yield (RF), and presence of hairs. In the endocarps, mass (ME), length (CE), diameter (DE), and width (LE) were the evaluated parameters. A completely randomized design was adopted, the data were subjected to variance analysis, and the means were compared by the Tukey test and principal component analysis. The fruits from Queimadas and São Vicente do Seridó showed the best morphological characters with regard to mass, length, diameter, fresh matter, and fruit yield, and were the most promising for agro-industrial commercialization. The fruits from Boqueirão showed the highest endocarp mass. Most fruits showed hairs on the peel, except the commercial ones. Four groups of municipalities were formed, with the fruits from Queimadas showing the largest size, while the fruits from São Vicente de Seridó and Soledade showed the highest yield.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Berbagai Jenis Pupuk Organik Terhadap Karakter FMA Pada Rhizosfer Tebu Bud Chip

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sismita Sari ◽  
Wiwik Indrawati
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Bud Chip ◽  
The Given

This study to obtain data on the number and type of FMA. Obtained amount and types of FMA in each treatment of addition of organic fertilizer dosage level. Find out whether the combination of organic fertilizer and the given organic fertilizer dose affect the amount and type of FMA. The experiment design used was Completely Randomized Design 2 Factor and 3 replications. The first factor is 4 types of organic fertilizer (P), namely: Humat acid (P) and cow manure (D), and the second factor is 4 levels of organic fertilizer dose: D0: 0%, D1: 10 tons of organic fertilizer / ha (50 g per polybag, D2: 20 ton / ha (100 g per polybag), and D3: 30 ton / ha (150 g per polybag) There were 16 experimental units and 3 total replications of 48 experimental unit plots. Myorizas were observed using binocular microscopy and digital camera, observed spores were then grouped by morphological characters including shape, color, and spore ornaments. Identification of indigenous mycorrhizae was done using manual and confirmed by using INVAM website The result of spore count on the application of organic fertilizer containing humic acid, compost fertilizer and the combination of both the highest mycorrhizae is 3,700 in the dosage of humic acid humic fertilizer 50 g + 100 g manure. 2,300 spores in organic humic acid 100 g + 100 g of fertilizer. The number of spores was moderate, ie 1,541 on humic acid fertilizer 50 g + 150 g manure, 1,323 spores at P3D3, 1,203 at treatment of P0D2, and at treatment of P2D0 mycorrhiza reached 1.096. The smallest number mycorrhizal spores of 79 spores in the dosage of manure dose 50 g. There are 4 genera of spore that found the most commonly Genus is Glomus and Acaulospora.

scholarly journals Plot size and number of replications to assess the vegetable matter in oat

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-263
Author(s):  
André Lavezo ◽  
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho ◽  
Bruna Mendonça Alves ◽  
Denison Esequiel Schabarum ◽  
Daniela Lixinski Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Uniformity Trials

The determination of the optimum plot size in agricultural crops is important for obtaining accurate inferences in the treatments in question. This study aimed at determining the optimum plot size (Xo) and the number of replications to evaluate the fresh matter (FM) and the dry matter (DM) of oat and at verifying the variability of Xo among cultivars and sowing dates. Ninety-six uniformity trials of 3×3 m were performed and each assay was divided into 36 basic experimental units (BEU) of 0.5×0.5 m. The 96 uniformity trials were distributed in four cultivars and three sowing dates. At the flowering stage, FM and DM were determined in each BEU. Then, the Xo was determined in each uniformity assay, using the maximum curvature method of the coefficient of variation model. In oat, there is variability of Xo among cultivars and sowing dates to measure FM and DM. For the four cultivars on the three sowing dates, the Xo of 1.66 m2 and of 1.73 m2 are suitable to evaluate FM and DM, respectively. Four replications to evaluate the maximum of 50 treatments in completely randomized design and randomized blocks design are sufficient so that the differences among treatment means of 44.75% of the experiment mean may be significant, using the Tukey test at 5% probability to measure FM and DM in oat.

scholarly journals IRRIGAÇÃO COM ÁGUA SALINA NO CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE TRÊS CULTIVARES DE ALGODÃO

Irriga ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Moreira de Oliveira ◽  
Andler Milton de Paiva Oliveira ◽  
Nildo Da Silva Dias ◽  
José Francismar Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Exposition Time

irrigação com água salina no crescimento inicial de três cultivares de algodão  André Moreira de Oliveira; Andlêr Milton de Paiva Oliveira; Nildo da Silva Dias; José Francismar MedeirosDepartamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, [email protected]    1 RESUMO A salinidade dos solos reduz a absorção de água pelas plantas, interferindo no metabolismo e, consequentemente, no crescimento e produção das mesmas. Com o objetivo de investigar o comportamento de três cultivares de algodão, (“VERDE”, “MARROM” e “8H”) irrigados com águas de diferentes níveis de salinidade (0,5; 2,5; 4,5; 6,5 e 8,5 dS m-1), conduziu-se um experimento em ambiente protegido na Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, localizado no município de Mossoró – RN. As variáveis analisadas foram: consumo hídrico, altura de planta, fitomassas fresca e seca e área foliar. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três repetições e quinze tratamentos. As variáveis analisadas foram afetadas significativamente pelos níveis de salinidade testados, afetando o desenvolvimento das três cultivares, sendo diretamente proporcionais ao aumento da concentração salina da água de irrigação e ao tempo de exposição da planta ao tratamento. UNITERMOS: condutividade elétrica, salinidade, Gossypium sp.  OLIVEIRA, A. M. de; OLIVEIRA, A. M. de P.; DIAS, N. da S.; MEDEIROS, J. F. Effect of irrigation with saline water on the development of three cotton cultivars  2 ABSTRACT The salinity of soil reduces the absorption of water by plants, interfering in the metabolism and, consequently, in plant yield.  The objective of this work was  to study the behavior of three cotton cultivars, ("VERDE", "MARROM" and "8H") irrigated with water of different salinities (0.5; 2.5; 4.5; 6.5 and 8.5 dS m-1). The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment at theFederalRuralUniversity of  the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró,Rio Grande doNorte State,Brazil.  The analyzed variables were: water consumption, height of plant, fresh and dry mass, and leaf area.  A completely randomized design with three replicates and fifteen treatments was used. The analyzed variables had a significant effect on the levels of salinities tested, affecting the development of the three cultivars. The effects were directly proportional to the increase of salt concentration in the irrigation water and to the exposition time to the treatment. KEY WORDS: electric conductivity, salinity, Gossypium sp. 

scholarly journals Grafting Compatibility of Three Varieties of Ficus (Ficus benjamina L.) Grafted on the Rootstock Variety Profit

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 787C-787
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel González-González* ◽  
Marcelino Bazán-Tene ◽  
Francisco Radillo-Juárez ◽  
Jaime Molina-Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Ficus Benjamina ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Plants in the genus Ficus are one of the most used in the ornamentals. it is also used for plant handcrafting such as braid, cylinders, and wall rockets, using a single plant or braiding some plants. The ficus are commonly asexually propagated by slip or shoots. There is the possibility to graft and to obtain plants with two levels of foliage, combining the color and texture. The objective of this research was to evaluate the grafting compatibility of varieties of Ficus benjamina, such as: Vivian, Winter green, and Antillean (green color) grafted on the variety Profit (white color) used as rootstock. The study was carried out under environmental conditions of the Mexican Dry Tropic in Tecomán, Colima, Mexico. The grafting method was by whip or tongue approximation. Bud sticks of the four varieties ≈70-cm long were used as scions. They were previously rooted in polyethylene bags containing 1.5 kg of coconut fiber used as rooting substrate. The rootstocks were grown long in soil until 1.5 m and when they reach similar diameter to the scions. The grafting height and diameter was ≈50-60 cm, and 2-2.6 cm, respectively. Five grafted plants were used as experimental unit, and the treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design with four replications. The variables estimated were: number of leaves after 28 and 35 days post-grafting, and percentage of grafting at 28 and 35 days post-grafting. The tree varieties were compatible with the rootstock, and no differences were obtained between the treatments (Tukey test P< 0.05); both three varieties exhibited 75% of grafting success, and `Antillean' had higher number of leaves, but the three varieties were statistically similar.

scholarly journals Photo-selective shade nets on the production and quality of sugarcane plantlets

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
José J. F. Cordeiro Júnior ◽  
Héliton Pandorfi ◽  
José A. D. Barbosa Filho ◽  
Alex S. Moraes ◽  
Luiz A. de Almeida Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Brazil is the world’s largest producer of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and research aimed at propagation has promoted higher quality in production. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the variation of micrometeorological elements on the survival and quality of pre-sprouted sugarcane plantlets. The study was carried out in a protected environment (UFRPE). Plantlets of the cultivar RB92579 were obtained by the technique of production of pre-sprouted plantlets. The protected environments were divided into four modules covered with low-density polyethylene plastic + photo-selective shade nets and one module without shade net. Micrometeorological data of global and photosynthetically active solar radiation, air temperature, substrate temperature, relative humidity and the solar radiation spectrum were recorded in each module. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design and the principal component analysis was used to verify the association between the cultivation modules, micrometeorological variables and crop variables. Anti-UV low-density polyethylene plastic + freshnet led to lower transmittance of global solar radiation, higher percentage of photosynthetically active radiation and lower plantlet mortality. Substrate temperature above 30.2 °C resulted in higher plantlet mortality. Larger spectrum in the red range led to the production of better quality plantlet. The use of freshnet shade net promoted adequate conditions for the cultivation of sugarcane plantlets and allows obtaining better quality plantlets.

scholarly journals Effect of drying and/or warming piglets at birth under warm farrowing room temperatures on piglet rectal temperature over the first 24 h after birth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine D Vande Pol ◽  
Andres F Tolosa ◽  
Caleb M Shull ◽  
Catherine B Brown ◽  
Stephan A S Alencar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract Piglets experience a decline in body temperature immediately after birth, and both drying and warming piglets at birth reduces this. However, these interventions may have less effective at higher farrowing room temperatures. This study was carried out at a commercial facility to compare the effect of drying and/or warming piglets at birth on postnatal rectal temperature (RT) under relatively warm farrowing room temperatures (26.6 ± 2.09°C). Forty-five sows/litters were used in a completely randomized design to compare three Intervention Treatments (applied at birth): Control (no treatment); Warming (piglets placed in a plastic box under a heat lamp for 30 min); Drying+Warming (piglets dried with desiccant and warmed as above). Temperatures in the warming boxes over the study period averaged 37.7 ± 2.75°C. At birth, piglets were weighed; RT temperature was measured at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 1440 min after birth. Blood samples were collected at 24 h after birth from a subsample of one piglet from each birth weight quartile within each litter to measure plasma immunocrit concentration. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS with litter as the experimental unit; and piglet a subsample of litter. The model for analysis of piglet rectal temperature included fixed effects of treatment, measurement time (repeated measure), the interaction, and the random effect of sow. Compared to the Control, piglet RT were higher (P ≤ 0.05) for the Warming treatment between 10 and 60 min, and higher (P ≤ 0.05) for the Drying+Warming treatment between 10 and 120 min after birth. Rectal temperatures were higher (P ≤ 0.05) for the Drying+Warming than the Warming treatment between 20 and 120 min. Responses to drying and/or warming were greater for low birth weight piglets (&lt; 1.0 kg) than heavier littermates, but were generally less than observed in previous experiments with similar treatments carried out under cooler temperatures. Piglet immunocrit values were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for the Drying+Warming treatment compared to the other treatments, which were similar (P &gt; 0.05). Immunocrit values tended (P = 0.10) to be lower for light (&lt; 1.0 kg) compared to heavier birth weight piglets. In conclusion, drying and warming piglets at birth was more effective for reducing piglet RT decline after birth than warming alone, though the effect was less than observed in previous studies carried out under cooler farrowing room temperatures.

scholarly journals Digestibility and bioavailability of phosphorus from spray-dried yeasts in the diet of starting pigs (15-30 kg)

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-321
Author(s):  
Lina Maria Peñuela Sierra ◽  
Ivan Moreira ◽  
Antonio Claudio Furlan ◽  
Paulo Levi de Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
Ângela Rocio Poveda Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Spray Dried

Two experiments were carried out to determine the bioavailability of phosphorus in two spray-dried yeasts - sugarcane yeast (SCY), and sugarcane yeast + brewer's yeast (SCBY) - in starting pigs, by comparing different methods (Apparent Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus - ADCP; True Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus - TDCP; slope ratio; and standard curve). In experiment I, a digestibility assay were carried out using 30 cross breed pig with initial weigh of 22.69 ± 4.24kg, allotted in a completely randomized design. The mean ADCP and TDCP values were 62.68 and 64.15% for SCY and 77.01 and 79.33% for SCBY. ADCP and TDCP for SCBY were higher (P<0.05) than the values for SCY. In Experiment II, a growth test was conducted, 56 crossbred piglets, were utilized, with initial live weight of 15.11 ± 3.43kg, allotted in a completely randomized design, with seven treatments, four replications, and two pigs per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet without supplementation with P and the same diet including supplementation with two levels of P (0.053% and 0.105%) from dicalcium phosphate, SCY and SCBY. The relative bioavailability mean value of 57.23% for SCY and 91.96% for SCBY, corresponding to 0.30% and 0.40% of available phosphorus, respectively.

scholarly journals Broccoli yield in response to top-dressing fertilization with green manure and biofertilizer

Revista CERES ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Bernardo de Freitas ◽  
Márcio Sousa Rocha ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos ◽  
Letícia Monteiro da Silva Freitas ◽  
Leandro de Almeida Resende
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Organic Compost

The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive performance of broccoli under different top-dressing organic fertilizations. The experiment was conducted under protected cultivation, in a completely randomized design with four replications, with two plants per experimental unit. Broccoli seedlings were produced in a commercial substrate in styrofoam trays. The seedlings were transplanted to plastic pots containing 10.0 L of substrate made up of subsoil and organic compost at the ratio of 3:1 (v/v), respectively, which is equivalent to about 20.0 t ha-1 of organic compost at planting. After seedling establishment, the top-dressing fertilization treatments were applied: gliricidia biomass associated or not with liquid biofertilizer of cattle manure to the soil and bokashi. Two control treatments were established: one with mineral fertilization recommended for the crop and the other without top-dressing fertilization. The broccoli production was evaluated (commercial standard). Plants that received mineral fertilizer were more productive, however, they were not significantly different (p>0.05), by Dunnet test, from the plants fertilized with 2.5 t ha-1 gliricidiabiomass (dry mass) associated with liquid biofertilizer (2.0 L m-2) applied to soil. Top-dressing fertilizations with only gliricidia, at 2.5 and 5.0 t ha-1 of biomass (dry mass), resulted in no significant increase in production of broccoli inflorescence. The use of bokashi in addition to gliricidia biomass and liquid biofertilizer reduced the efficiency of the fertilization compared with plants that received only gliricidia and liquid biofertilizer.

scholarly journals Physical characteristics of passionfruit cv. BRS gigante amarelo produced by flowers with three and four carpels

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Akio de Sousa Esashika ◽  
Fábio Gelape Faleiro ◽  
Nilton Tadeu Vilela Junqueira
Keyword(s):  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Reproductive Structure ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Pericarp Thickness ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Longitudinal Diameter

The carpel is the female reproductive structure composed of a set of stigma, style and ovary. Normally passionflower have three carpels, however, some cultivars have this structure in greater quantity. The objective of this work was to identify relationships between the number of carpels and the physical characteristics of BRS Gigante Amarelo fruits. The flowers with three and four carpels were marked, pollinated and the fruits harvested from these flowers analyzed for transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, pericarp thickness, fruit mass, pulp mass, pulp ratio, number and weight of seeds. A completely randomized design with 10 replicates per treatment was used and each plot had the average of 3 fruits. The data were submitted to variance analysis and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of probability. The fruits generated by flowers with 4 carpels were 18,30% heavier, their pulp were on average 20.75% heavier, presented transverse diameter 7,53% superior to that of fruits generated by flowers with 3 carpels. Similar increments were identified regarding the number of seeds and the weight of seeds per fruit that increased 18,85% and 52.42%, respectively. This result indicates that cv. BRS Yellow Giant with 4 carpels generates heavier fruits, pulp and seeds with a more spherical shape.

scholarly journals Semi purified glycerins in growing and finishing pigs feeding (30-90 kg)

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane Maria Piano Gonçalves ◽  
Ivan Moreira ◽  
Paulo Cesar Pozza ◽  
Paulo Levi de Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
Juliana Beatriz Toledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Performance Results

Two experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional value and to evaluate the performance and carcass traits in the growing-finishing pigs fed on two types of semipurified glycerin, which were made from vegetable oil (SPGV) and mixed of animal + vegetable oil (SPGM). In the digestibility trial (experiment I) 32 crossbreed barrows were used with initial body weight of 45.08 ± 4.11kg. It were used three levels of inclusion (6, 12 e 18%) of semipurified glycerin (SPGV and SPGM) in the basal diet. The metabolizable energy (ME) value of glycerin were estimated by regression of ME (kcal/kg) intake associated with glycerin vs. glycerin intake (kg). The values of ME (kcal/kg) obtained were: 2,731 for SPGV and 2,210 for SPGM. In experiment II, 72 pigs (30.08 ± 1.65 to 60.58 ± 3.57) in growing and (60.83 ± 2.63 to 93.79 ± 5.72) in finishing phase, were allotted in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 4 + 1 factorial scheme, with two types of semipurified glycerin (SPGV and SPGA), four inclusion levels (4; 8; 12 and 16%), eight experimental unit and a control diet containing no glycerin (0%). All pigs were slaughtered to evaluate the carcass traits. The performance results suggest that it is feasible to use up to 16% of both semipurified glycerins on growing and finishing pigs feeding, without impairing performance and carcass traits.

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