scholarly journals Budgetary impact of diagnostic tests for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tália Santana Machado de Assis ◽  
André Luís Ferreira de Azeredo-da-Silva ◽  
Diana Oliveira ◽  
Gláucia Cota ◽  
Guilherme Loureiro Werneck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Budgetary Impact ◽  
Parasitological Examination ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to estimate the financial costs of the incorporation and/or replacement of diagnostic tests for human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil. The analysis was conducted from the perspective of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) over a period of three years. Six diagnostic tests were evaluated: the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), the IT LEISH rapid test, the parasitological examination of bone marrow aspirate, the direct agglutination test (DAT-LPC) standardized in the Clinical Research Laboratory, René Rachou Institute of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, the Kalazar Detect rapid test, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The assumptions used were the number of suspected cases of VL reported to the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2014 and the direct cost of diagnostic tests. The costs to diagnose suspected cases of VL over three years using the IFAT and the DAT-LPC were estimated at USD 280,979.91 and USD 121,371.48, respectively. The analysis indicated that compared with the use of the IFAT, the incorporation of the DAT-LPC into the SUS would result in savings of USD 159,608.43. With regard to the budgetary impact of rapid tests, the use of IT LEISH resulted in savings of USD 21.708,72 over three years. Compared with a parasitological examination, diagnosis using PCR resulted in savings of USD 3,125,068.92 over three years. In this study, the replacement of the IFAT with the DAT-LPC proved financially advantageous. In addition, the replacement of the Kalazar Detect rapid test with the IT LEISH in 2015 was economically valuable, and the replacement of parasitological examination with PCR was indicated.

scholarly journals Rapid Tests for the Diagnosis of Viral Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-420
Author(s):  
Hyun Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Antigen Tests ◽  
Antibody Tests ◽  
Rapid Antibody

Rapid and accurate diagnostic tests for viral infections are essential for diagnosis, treatment, and patient isolation. Various rapid nucleic acid tests, rapid antigen tests, and rapid antibody tests have been developed and used to diagnose viral infections. In this paper, the types and characteristics of various rapid viral tests currently used in Korea, test items, and considerations when interpreting rapid test results are described.

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of two commercial SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-detecting rapid tests at the point of care in community-based testing centers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Berger ◽  
Marie Therese Ngo Nsoga ◽  
Francisco Javier Perez-Rodriguez ◽  
Yasmine Abi Aad ◽  
Pascale Sattonnet-Roche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Rapid Tests

AbstractBackgroundAntigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 offer new opportunities for the quick and laboratory-independent identification of infected individuals for control of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.MethodsWe performed a prospective, single-center, point of care validation of two antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDT) in comparison to RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs.FindingsBetween October 9th and 23rd, 2020, 1064 participants were enrolled. The Panbio™Covid-19 Ag Rapid Test device (Abbott) was validated in 535 participants, with 106 positive Ag-RDT results out of 124 positive RT-PCR individuals, yielding a sensitivity of 85.5% (95% CI: 78.0–91.2). Specificity was 100.0% (95% CI: 99.1–100) in 411 RT-PCR negative individuals. The Standard Q Ag-RDT (SD Biosensor, Roche) was validated in 529 participants, with 170 positive Ag-RDT results out of 191 positive RT-PCR individuals, yielding a sensitivity of 89.0% (95%CI: 83.7–93.1). One false positive result was obtained in 338 RT-PCR negative individuals, yielding a specificity of 99.7% (95%CI: 98.4–100). For individuals presenting with fever 1-5 days post symptom onset, combined Ag-RDT sensitivity was above 95%.InterpretationWe provide an independent validation of two widely available commercial Ag-RDTs, both meeting WHO criteria of ≥80% sensitivity and ≥97% specificity. Although less sensitive than RT-PCR, these assays could be beneficial due to their rapid results, ease of use, and independence from existing laboratory structures. Testing criteria focusing on patients with typical symptoms in their early symptomatic period onset could further increase diagnostic value.FundingFoundation of Innovative Diagnostics (FIND), Fondation privée des HUG, Pictet Charitable Foundation.

scholarly journals Study of implementation and direct cost estimates for diagnostic tests for human visceral leishmaniasis in an urban area in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 2127-2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tália Santana Machado de Assis ◽  
Paloma Nogueira Guimarães ◽  
Edward Oliveira ◽  
Vanessa Peruhype-Magalhães ◽  
Luciana Inácia Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Direct Agglutination Test ◽  
Training Costs ◽  
Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Training Cost

Abstract This work reports the process and costs of comprehensively implementing two tests to decentralize the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in an endemic city in Brazil: a rapid test (IT LEISH) and a direct agglutination test (DAT-LPC). The implementation began by training health professionals to perform the tests. Estimation of the training costs considered the proportional remuneration of all professionals involved and the direct costs of the tests used for training. The study was conducted between November 2011 and November 2013. During that time, 17 training sessions were held, and 175 professionals were trained. The training cost for each professional was US$ 7.13 for the IT LEISH and US$ 9.93 for the DAT-LPC. The direct costs of the IT LEISH and DAT-LPC were estimated to be US$ 6.62 and US$ 5.44, respectively. This first evaluation of the implementation of these diagnostic tests indicates the feasibility of decentralizing both methods to extend access to VL diagnosis in Brazil.

scholarly journals Serological and Molecular Findings of Leishmania Infection in Healthy Donkeys (Equus asinus) from a Canine Leishmaniosis Endemic Focus in Tuscany, Italy: A Preliminary Report

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Simona Nardoni ◽  
Iolanda Altomonte ◽  
Federica Salari ◽  
Mina Martini ◽  
Francesca Mancianti
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Canine Leishmaniosis ◽  
Equus Asinus ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Positive Score ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test

Leishmania parasites are considered to be emergent zoonotic pathogens, which is a new concept regarding their epidemiology and the identification of novel animal hosts. The present study is the first in Italy to evaluate anti Leishmania seroprevalence, and the first in Europe to detect parasite DNA in donkeys’ blood. The study was performed on jennies living in a Leishmania infantum endemic area of Central Italy. One hundred and ten blood samples were obtained from 67 healthy lactating Amiatina jennies that were semi-extensively reared in Tuscany. When possible, more than one sample was subsequently obtained from the same subject. All samples were processed by immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For the results, 11 out of 30 animals (36.7%) showed positive scores under IFAT. In addition, 22 out of the other 37 jennies had positive scores, also. The animals showed titers ranging from 40 to 320. Furthermore, 2 subjects that were submitted for 2 and 3 blood samplings, both had more than one positive score. Moreover, 2 seropositive animals were positive for Leishmania DNA. Donkeys are considered to be a preferred source for a sandfly blood meal, even if clinical leishmaniosis has never been reported in Europe for this animal species. In the view of these facts, our preliminary findings would suggest the role of donkey as a potential reservoir for this protozoan agent. Additional studies would be welcome to elucidate the role of the donkey in Leishmania epidemiology of CanL endemic areas and to confirm the preliminary findings and the hypothesis proposed here.

scholarly journals An outbreak of caprine toxoplasmosis - investigation and case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Mauricio Ferreira Neto ◽  
Fernanda Pinto Ferreira ◽  
Ana Carolina Miura ◽  
Jonatas Campos de Almeida ◽  
Felippe Danyel Cardoso Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to investigate an abortion outbreak in a dairy goat herd in the municipality of Arapoti, Parana, Brazil. At the beginning of the outbreak, blood samples were collected from 33 goats with clinical signs; later, of the whole goat herd, two cats and two dogs. Milk samples were collected from 78 lactating goats. Four environmental soil samples and four samples of feed residue from goat feeders were collected too. Immunofluorescence antibody test (IFA) was used for serodiagnosis, the molecular analysis was conducted by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for the isolation of the etiological agent the bioassay was used. The results of the IFA revealed that 76.53% (137/179) of the goats, two dogs and two cats were seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii. Bioassay revealed one buffy coat and two milk sample having viable T. gondii. In the PCR, 11 whole blood samples, eight milk, three feeder troughs, and all soil samples were positive. The findings of the present study confirmed an outbreak caused by environmental contamination (of soil and feed) with T. gondii oocysts that could have been shed by kittens that lived on the farm and had access to the stock of goat food, facilitating this contamination, which reinforces the need for veterinary assistance and good management practices on farms.

LABORATORY METHODS AND PREVALENCE OF SARS-COV-2 INFECTIONS IN THE 2ND SEMESTER OF 2021 IN THE EMERGENCY CLINICAL COUNTY HOSPITAL OF CONSTANTA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stoicescu Ramona ◽  
Stoicescu Razvan-Alexandru ◽  
Codrin Gheorghe ◽  
Schroder Verginica
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tract Infections

"Diagnosing infections with SARS-CoV-2 is still of great interest due to the health and economic impact of COVID pandemic. The 4th wave of the COVID-19 pandemic is expected and is considered to be stronger and faster due to the dominance of Delta variant which is highly contagious [1]. SARS-CoV-2 also known as 2019-nCoV is one of the three coronaviruses (together with SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV1/Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus), MERS-CoV /Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus) which can cause severe respiratory tract infections in humans [2]. Early diagnosis in COVID 19 infection is the key for preventing infection transmission in collectivity and proper medical care for the ill patients. Gold standard for diagnosing SARS-Co-V-2 infection according to WHO recommendation is using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT)/ reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The search is on to develop reliable but less expensive and faster diagnostic tests that detect antigens specific for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antigen-detection diagnostic tests are designed to directly detect SARSCoV-2 proteins produced by replicating virus in respiratory secretions so-called rapid diagnostic tests, or RDTs. The diagnostic development landscape is dynamic, with nearly a hundred companies developing or manufacturing rapid tests for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection [3]. In the last 3 months our hospital introduced the antigen test or Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) which detects the presence of viral proteins (antigens) expressed by the COVID-19 virus in a sample from the respiratory tract of a person. All RDT were confirmed next day with a RT-PCR. The number of positive cases detected during 3 months in our laboratory was 425. There were 326 positive tests in April, 106 positive tests in May and 7 positive tests in June. Compared with the number of positive tests in the 1st semester of 2021, the positive tests have significantly declined."

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Truvian Easy Check COVID-19 IgM/IgG Lateral Flow Device for Rapid Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence W Chan ◽  
Sajid Shahul ◽  
Cheyenne Coleman ◽  
Vera Tesic ◽  
Kyle Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Antibody Assay ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the analytical and clinical performance of the Truvian Easy Check coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) IgM/IgG anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody test. Serologic assays have become increasingly available for surveillance through the Food and Drug Administration emergency use authorization in the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic. However, widespread application of serologic assays has been curbed by reports of faulty or inaccurate tests. Therefore, rapid COVID-19 antibody tests need to be thoroughly validated prior to their implementation. Methods The Easy Check device was analytically evaluated and its performance was compared with the Roche Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody assay. The test was further characterized for cross-reactivity using sera obtained from patients infected by other viruses. Clinical performance was analyzed with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed samples and a 2015 prepandemic reference sample set. Results The Easy Check device showed excellent analytical performance and compares well with the Roche Elecsys antibody assay, with an overall concordance of 98.6%. Clinical performance showed a sensitivity of 96.6%, a specificity of 98.2%, and an overall accuracy of 98.1%. Conclusions The Easy Check device is a simple, reliable, and rapid test for detection of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, and its performance compares favorably against the automated Roche Elecsys antibody assay.

scholarly journals Application of different techniques to detect Toxoplasma gondii in slaughtered sheep for human consumption

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelise Castanha Barreto Tenório Nunes ◽  
Edna Maria Vieira da Silva ◽  
José Aelson de Oliveira ◽  
Elise Myuki Yamasaki ◽  
Pomy de Cássia Peixoto Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cerebral Tissue ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Kappa Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Perivascular Cuff ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep slaughtered in the state of Alagoas, Brazil, by means of different diagnosis techniques. Serum samples and tissues from 100 slaughtered sheep were used. To detect antibodies, the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) was used, and tissues from seropositive animals (cut-off ≥1:64) were submitted to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). To assess the concordance between the direct techniques, the kappa test was used. In the IFAT, it was observed that 14% (14/100) of the ovine samples were serum-positive. In the PCR, 21.43% (3/14) of the animals were positive and in IHC, it was observed that 7.14% (1/14) were positively stained for T. gondii in cerebral tissue. Histopathologically, the predominant finding was the presence of mononuclear cell infiltrate in the heart and a perivascular cuff in the cerebrum and cerebellum. The concordance between the direct diagnosis techniques was moderate (k=0.44). Thus, it is important to use different direct techniques in diagnosing toxoplasmosis in naturally infected sheep.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Leishmania spp. serology and Leishmania spp. PCR in dogs from Pirassununga, SP

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathália Mendonça de Seabra ◽  
Vanessa Figueredo Pereira ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Kuwassaki ◽  
Julia Cristina Benassi ◽  
Trícia Maria Ferreira de Sousa Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The City ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

Abstract We examined the presence of antibodies against the parasites Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Leishmania spp., as well the presence of DNA from Leishmania spp., in dogs from Pirassununga - SP. The seropositivity rate was compared with the animals’ originating location. Three hundred seventy-three blood samples from the county’s kennel and local veterinary clinics were collected and analyzed. A total of 300 samples were tested for T. gondii and N. caninum using an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT); 45% (135/300) were positive for T. gondii and 24.3% (73/300) were positive for N. caninum. Three hundred seventy-three samples were tested for Leishmania spp. using the IFAT. Of these, 4.6% (17/373) were positive. Additionally, 145 samples were tested using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR); of these samples, 0.7% (1/145) was positive. Considering the results, we conclude that these parasites are present in the city of Pirassununga - SP and that the animals have contact with the protozoan. It is therefore necessary to create methods for disease prevention to maintain both animal and human health in regard to leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis.

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