scholarly journals In Vivo Accuracy of Two Electronic Foramen Locators Based on Different Operation Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Carvalho de Vasconcelos ◽  
Rebeca Bastos Rocha Araújo ◽  
Francisco Cláudio Fernandes Alves e Silva ◽  
Suyane Maria Luna-Cruz ◽  
Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Canal Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinical Conditions

The aim of this study was to compare in vivo the accuracy of two electronic foramen locators (EFLs) based on different operation systems - Root ZX and Propex II. Ten healthy adult patients needing premolar extractions due to orthodontic reasons participated in the study, providing a sample of 17 noncarious, non-restored, vital teeth (n= 24 canals). After coronal access preparation and cervical preflaring and prior to tooth extraction, the root canal length was measured alternating the two EFLs. All measurements were performed with K-files well fitted to the canal diameter at the level that each EFL indicated the apical foramen in their display (APEX or 0.0). The last K-file were fixed in place with cyanoacrylate, the tooth was extracted, and the apical 4 mm of each root were resected to measure the distance between the file tip and the apical foramen. The mean errors based on the absolute values of discrepancies were 0.30 ± 0.29 mm (Root ZX) and 0.32 ± 0.27 mm (Propex II). Analysis by the Wilcoxon test for paired samples showed no statistically significant differences between the electronic canal measurements performed with the EFLs (p=0.587). The apical foramen was accurately located in 75% (Root ZX) and 66.7% (Propex II) of the cases, considering a ±0.5 mm error margin, with no statistically significant difference by the chi-square test. Despite having different measurement mechanisms, both EFLs were capable of locating the apical foramen with high accuracy in vivo. Under the tested clinical conditions, Root ZX and Propex II displayed similar results.

Preoperative Gabapentin Administration and Its Impact on Postoperative Opioid Requirement and Pain in Sinonasal Surgery

2020 ◽  
pp. 019459982095280
Author(s):  
Amarbir S. Gill ◽  
Farrukh R. Virani ◽  
Joshua C. Hwang ◽  
Machelle D. Wilson ◽  
Angela M. Beliveau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Sinonasal Outcome Test ◽  
The Mean

Objective To determine the efficacy of preoperative gabapentin on patient-reported pain levels and postoperative opioid requirements following sinonasal surgery. Study Design Retrospective review. Setting Academic institution. Methods Patients undergoing sinonasal surgery between July 2019 and January 2020 were followed. Groups were divided into those that received 600 mg of oral gabapentin 1 hour preoperatively (gabapentin) and those that did not (control). Postoperatively, each patient was counseled to use acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and oxycodone as needed for pain control. Patients completed a daily postoperative pain and medication log. Pain was measured by the visual analog scale (VAS) and opioid use by morphine equivalent dose (MED). Chi-square test and Wilcoxon test were used for data analysis. Results Fifty-seven patients were included (control, n = 28; gabapentin, n = 29). There was no significant difference in age, sex, or baseline Sinonasal Outcome Test–22 scores between the groups. The total MED, postoperative day (POD) 1-2 MED, POD 3-4 MED, and POD 5-6 MED did not differ significantly between the control (17.9, 12.2, 4.6, 1.5) and gabapentin (19.0, 8.9, 7.2, 3.5) groups ( P = .98, .25, .16, .44). The mean daily VAS score did not differ significantly between the control (3.1) and gabapentin (2.8) groups ( P = .81). The mean daily VAS score decreased significantly in both groups with each successive POD ( P = .004). Conclusion Preoperative gabapentin did not significantly reduce postoperative pain or opioid use. Postoperative discomfort following sinonasal surgery is mild, and opioid intake is minimal.

scholarly journals Facial Profile Shape, Malocclusion and Palatal Morphology in Malay Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Banabilh ◽  
A. R. Samsudin ◽  
A. H. Suzina ◽  
Sidek Dinsuhaimi
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objective: To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in facial profile shape, malocclusion class, or palatal morphology in Malay adults with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Materials and Methods: Subjects were 120 adult Malays aged 18 to 65 years (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 33.2 ± 13.31) divided into two groups of 60. Both groups underwent clinical examination and limited channel polysomnography (PSG). The mean OSA and control values were subjected to t-test and the chi square test. Results: Physical examination showed that 61.7% of the OSA patients were obese, and 41.7% of those obese patients had severe OSA. The mean body mass index (BMI) was significantly greater for the OSA group (33.2 kg/m2 ± 6.5) than for the control group (22.7 kg/m2 ± 3.5; P < .001). The mean neck size and systolic blood pressure were greater for the OSA group (43.6 cm ± 6.02; 129.1 mm Hg ± 17.55) than for the control group (35.6 cm ± 3.52; 114.1 mm Hg ± 13.67; P < .001). Clinical examination showed that the most frequent findings among OSA groups when compared with the control group were convex profiles (71.7%), Class II malocclusion (51.7%), and V palatal shape (53.3%), respectively; the chi square test revealed a significant difference in terms of facial profile and malocclusion class (P < .05), but no significant difference in palatal shape was found. Conclusion: The null hypothesis is rejected. A convex facial profile and Class II malocclusion were significantly more common in the OSA group. The V palatal shape was a frequent finding in the OSA group.

scholarly journals Sonographic gallbladder wall thickness in normal adult population in Nigeria

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mohammed ◽  
A Tahir ◽  
A Ahidjo ◽  
Z Mustapha ◽  
Franza O
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Gallbladder Wall ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean

Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the ultrasonic gallbladder wall thickness in normal adult Nigerians so as to create standards for defining gallbladder abnormalities in Nigerians. Method. Four hundred adults comprising 228 (57%) women and 172 (43%) men aged 16 - 78 years, who had normal clinical history and physical findings, were recruited. The gallbladder wall thickness was obtained in the supine, prone and right anterior oblique positions. Differences in gallbladder wall thickness were determined using the chi-square test, while the relationship between the ultrasound-measured gallbladder wall thickness and the subjects’ age, sex, height and weight were analysed using the Pearson product moment correlation. Normal ranges and related statistics were estimated and tabulated according to age group and sex. Results. The mean age of the subjects was 32±13.2 years. The mean gallbladder wall thickness range was 1.8 - 2.8 mm±0.5mm. The thickness range for females was 1.7 - 2.7 mm±0.5 mm, and that for males was 1.9 - 2.9 mm±0.5 mm. There was a statistically significant difference (p

scholarly journals Palatal Rugae Pattern in Nepalese Subjects

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipshikha Bajracharya ◽  
Anisha Vaidya ◽  
Sunaina Thapa ◽  
Sujita Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Palatal Rugae ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gender Groups

Objective: To determine the number and pattern of palatal rugae in Nepalese subjects and to find the association of gender with the number and pattern of palatal rugae. Materials & Method: 200 Nepalese subjects comprising of 100 male and 100 female were randomly selected and their maxillary casts were examined for the palatal rugae length applying the classification proposed by Thomas and Kotze and palatal rugae pattern was recorded using the classification given by Kapali. Statistical analysis using Student t-test was applied for comparing the number of palatal rugae between right and left sides. Chi square test was used to find the association between gender and number of rugae as well as the pattern. Result: The study demonstrated that the mean number of primary palatal rugae on left side was predominant, similarly wavy pattern was the most predominant in Nepalese subjects. No statistical significant difference was noticed in the palatal rugae number and pattern between the gender groups. Conclusion: The study found predominant palatal form in Nepalese subjects which might have superior effectiveness in population differentiation and may be used as an effective tool in forensic odontology identification.  

scholarly journals Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride in arresting caries in Lagos, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. e226341
Author(s):  
Moses Okechukwu Azouru ◽  
Modupe Olufunmilayo Ashiwaju ◽  
Augustine Edomwonyi ◽  
Afolabi Oyapero ◽  
Bola Obisesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean

Treatment of dental caries in children still remains challenging due to lack of cooperation with conventional treatment modalities. Recently, the use of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) has proved useful in addressing this challenge. Aim: This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) in arresting caries in children in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This was a phase III balanced randomized controlled school based interventional study on 240 children. The study group was treated with SDF while GIC was used in the control group. Follow up visits in 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months were carried out to assess the treatment outcome. Inferential statistics with the use of Pearson Chi-square test and Independent Student t-test were used at 5% level of significance. Results: There was significant relationship between SDF and caries arrest in 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months’ assessment period (p = 0.001). The control group showed continuous decline (71.7%, 54.3% and 50.9%) in restorative success from 2 weeks to 3 months respectively. The mean ± SD and Confidence Interval (CI) of arrested caries in the SDF group were 113± 1.24 and 113.1 – 113.5 respectively. In the control group the mean ± SD and CI of restorative success were 69.3±11.8 and 67.2 – 71.4. The effect size was 5.24. Conclusion: The result of the study showed that SDF was effective in arresting caries in children without any harm and there was statistically significant difference in the use of 38% SDF in arresting caries in children.

scholarly journals Agreement between Impression of Stroke in the Emergency Department and Diagnosis at the Neurology Department

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Samad Shams-Vahdati ◽  
Alireza Ala ◽  
Eliar Sadeghi-Hokmabad ◽  
Neda Parnianfard ◽  
Maedeh Gheybi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Prevention Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Academic Teaching Hospital ◽  
The Mean

Background: Missing to detect an ischemic stroke in the emergency department leads to miss acute interventions and treatment with secondary prevention therapy. Our study examined the diagnosis of stroke in the emergency department (ED) and neurology department of an academic teaching hospital. Methods and Materials: A retrospective chart review was performed from March 2017 to March 2018. ED medical document (chart) were reviewed by a stroke neurologist to collect the clinical diagnosis and characteristics of ischemic stroke patients. For determining the cases of misdiagnosed and over diagnosed data, the administrative data codes were compared with the chart adjudicated diagnosis. The adjusted estimate of effect was estimated through testing the significant variables in a multivariable model. The comparisons were done with chi square test. Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05. Results: Of 861 patients of the study, 54% were males and 43% were females; and the mean age of them was 66.51 ± 15.70. We find no statically significant difference between patient’s Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in the emergency department (12.87±3.25) and patients GCS in the neurology department (11.77±5.15). There were 18 (2.2%) overdiagnosed of ischemic stroke, 8 (0.9%) misdiagnosed of ischemic stroke and 36 (4.1%) misdiagnosed of hemorrhagic strokes in the emergency department. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between impression of stroke in the emergency department and diagnosis at the neurology department.

scholarly journals Therapeutic potential of Brazilian fluoride varnishes: an in vivo study

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Quirino de Almeida ◽  
Olívia Ximenes Izidro Costa ◽  
Jainara Maria Soares Ferreira ◽  
Valdenice Aparecida de Menezes ◽  
Rossana Barbosa Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Student’S T

The aim of this study was to assess in vivo the therapeutic effect of three fluoride varnishes available in the Brazilian market on the performance of white spot lesions (WSL). The sample included 36 children aged 7 to 13 years old, with a total of 67 active WSL in permanent anterior teeth. The children were randomly divided into 3 groups, according to fluoride varnish used: FL- Fluorniz (n=24), DUO - Duofluorid XII (n=22) and DF - Durafluor (n=21). Maximum WSL dimensions (mesiodistal and incisogingival) were measured in millimeters by a previously calibrated single examiner using a periodontal probe. WSL were also assessed regarding lesion activity. Initial and final S-OHI (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index) scores were recorded. Pearson's chi-square test revealed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) in the performance of the varnishes. At the end of the 5th week, FL had 6 active and 18 inactive WSL; DUO had 7 active and 15 inactive WSL; and DL had 6 active and 15 inactive WSL. Taking into account all lesions, there was a 45.7% reduction in WSL dimensions. Paired Student's t-test revealed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the initial size (1.88) and final size (1.02). After four applications, all varnishes obtained similar clinical results.

scholarly journals Self-Empowerment of Female Students in Prevention of Osteoporosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Sharifi ◽  
Fereshteh Majlessi
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevention Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Descriptive Survey

<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Osteoporosis is a chronic disease affecting society, particularly women and girls. Osteoporosis is a chronic, multifactorial disease, which is currently prevalent as the life expectancy and aging population is increasing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate self-empowerment (knowledge, attitudes, life skills and self-efficacy) of female students for prevention of osteoporosis.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> This study used a descriptive survey. Participants included 60 female students of Islamic Azad University, Sharekord. Data was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire measuring self-empowerment for prevention of osteoporosis. In addition to descriptive indicators, t-test and chi-square test were used to analyze data by SPSS software.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Self-empowerment of female students, including attitude, social skills and self-efficacy, is optimal for prevention of osteoporosis. The mean of these three components is significantly higher than the assumed mean (3). However, their knowledge is not optimal. There is no significant difference in frequency of correct and incorrect responses.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Female students do not have adequate knowledge for prevention of osteoporosis and require training in this area.</p>

scholarly journals A hospital-based study of severe anemia in adults in Eastern India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Subhash C. Dash ◽  
Naba K. Sundaray ◽  
Promod K. Tudu ◽  
Beeravelli Rajesh
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Anemia Of Chronic Disease ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Absolute Iron Deficiency

Background: Anemia remains a crucial health problem in developing countries. Cardiac compromise and fatal complications usually occur at Hb of <5g/dL. The aim of the study was to determine possible etiologic and clinical profile in adult patients with very severe anemia (Hb of <5g/dL).Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a teaching hospital of Odisha over a period of 12months. A total of 70 patients of both men and non-pregnant women admitted to the medicine wards were included after exclusion. Detailed history, clinical examination and investigation findings were recorded. Independent ‘t’ test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Pearson chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used as applicable, to compare the variables.Results: The mean Hb (g/dL) was 3.73 ±0.85 and the mean age of the study group was 53.34±17.75years. No significant difference was observed in the severity of anemia between the female (mean Hb of 3.56±0.93) and male patients (mean Hb of 3.87±0.77) (p=0.130). The most frequent etiology found was absolute iron deficiency (44.3%, n=31) and mostly (41.9%) found in the age group of ≥65years (p<0.001). Congestive cardiac failure was found in 20% (n=14) of patients and majority of patients (64.2%, n=9) were males (p<0.001).Conclusions: Iron deficiency is the principal cause of very severe anemia in adults rather than malignancy or anemia of chronic disease and only about one fourth of patients develop heart failure even with very severe anemia.

scholarly journals Prognosis and Survival Study in Patients with Glioblastoma Multiform and Its Relationship with EGFR Expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Zeinab Amirpour ◽  
◽  
Arezoo Bahari ◽  
Behrad Nafisi ◽  
Koorosh Rahmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Egfr Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean

Background and Aim: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant and invasive tumor of the brain. The relation between prognosis and survival of GBM patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) expression is challenging. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the prognosis and survival of patients with GBM and its relationship with EGFR expression. Materials and Methods: This single-arm cohort study was conducted on 70 patients with GBM during 2012-2018 in Shahid Rahnemoon and Mortaz hospitals. The immunohistochemistry technique was applied to paraffin blocks of brain tumors for examining EGFR expression. Other data were extracted from medical records. To determine the survival rate, the Kaplan–Meier curves were used. A chi-square test was used for the analysis of data. Statistically, p-value <0.05 was assumed significant. Results: The mean survival of patients with GBM was 22.3 ± 2.5 months (95% CI=17.41 - 27.10). In addition, 1, 2- and 5-year survival rates were 90%, 30% and 5%, respectively. The mean survival of patients with negative and positive EGFR was 27.4±7.3 and 20.6±2.4 months, respectively. Besides, 11.1% and 14.3% of patients in negative and positive EGFR groups were alive. There was no significant difference in patient’s survival in terms of EGFR expression (p=0.36). No significant difference was seen between the two groups (EGFR positive and negative groups), regarding the frequency of age, sex, tumor’s anatomical location, and place of living (p>0.05). Conclusion: Based on our study, it seems that the GBM tumor was associated with poor prognosis and a low survival rate. It was also found that the expression of the EGFR gene did not affect the survival rate of patients with GBM. Therefore, its use as a predictor factor for survival and prognosis is questionable.

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