scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Anatomic Finishing Files: XP-Endo Finisher and XP-Clean

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduarda Santiago Vaz-Garcia ◽  
Victor Talarico Leal Vieira ◽  
Natasha Pereira da Silva Ferreira Petitet ◽  
Edson Jorge Lima Moreira ◽  
Hélio Pereira Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Weibull Analysis ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Improved Performance

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cyclic fatigue of two anatomic finishing files: XP-Endo Finisher and XP-Clean. Roughness pattern and the micro-hardness of the files were also assessed. Instruments were subjected to cyclic fatigue resistance measuring the time to fracture in an artificial stainless-steel canal with a 60° angle and a 5-mm radius of curvature. The fracture surface of all fragments was examined with a scanning electron microscope. The roughness of the working parts was quantified by using a profilometer and the micro-hardness test was carried out using a Vickers hardness tester. Results were statistically analyzed using a student´s t-test at a significance level of P < 0.05. Weibull analysis was also performed. XP-Endo Finisher presented significantly longer cyclic fatigue life than XP-Clean instruments (P<0.05). XP-Endo Finisher was able to withstand 1000% more cycles to fracture when compared to XP-Clean instruments. SEM visual inspection of the fracture surfaces revealed fractographic characteristics of ductile fracture in all tested instruments; wide-ranging forms of dimples were identified and no plastic deformation in the helical shaft of the fractured instruments was observed. When mean life was compared XP-Endo Finisher lasted longer than XP-Clean with a probability of 99.9%. XP-Endo Finisher instruments also exhibited significantly lower roughness than XP-Clean instruments (P<0.05). No differences in the micro-hardness was observed between the files (P>0.05). It can be concluded that XP-Endo Finisher instruments showed improved performance when compared with XP-Clean instruments, demonstrating higher cyclic fatigue resistance and lower roughness.

scholarly journals TO COMPARE AND EVALUATE THE CYCLIC FATIGUE RESISTANCE OF THREE NITI ROTARY FILE SYSTEM-AN INVITRO STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil K Tomer ◽  
Vanita Verma ◽  
Nitin Bhateja ◽  
Pudu Tirupathi ◽  
Sushma Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
File System ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
The One

Aim:  To compare and evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of three NiTi rotary file system Materials and Methods: Three NiTi rotary system (Hyflex EDM, Protaper Gold and One curve) were used in study . All files were tested in simulated constructed apparatus with angle of curvature 60o and radius of curvature 5mm.The rotary files were used in endomotor X smart (Densply) .All the instruments were utilized until fracture occurred, and then the number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated. The data were analyzed statistically using Annova test. The statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05. Result: HEDM instruments had the highest cyclic fatigue resistance among all the other instruments (P < 0.05). The one curve instruments had a significantly higher fatigue resistance than the Protaper gold instruments (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it was found that the cyclic fatigue resistance was higher for the HEDM instruments than for the, Protaper gold and one curve instruments. Keywords: Cyclic fatigue resistance, heat‑treated NiTi instruments, HyFlex EDM, OneCurve

scholarly journals Shaping and Centering Ability, Cyclic Fatigue Resistance and Fractographic Analysis of Three Thermally Treated NiTi Endodontic Instrument Systems

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5823
Author(s):  
Saulius Drukteinis ◽  
Vytaute Peciuliene ◽  
Ruta Bendinskaite ◽  
Vilma Brukiene ◽  
Rasmute Maneliene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Fractographic Analysis ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Thermally Treated

The better understanding of the clinically important behavioral features of new instrument systems has an important significance for the clinical endodontics. This study aimed to investigate the shaping and centering ability as well as cyclic fatigue resistance of HyFlex CM (CM), HyFlex EDM (EDM) and EdgeFile (EF) thermally treated nickel–titanium (NiTi) endodontic instrument systems. Sixty curved root canals of the mesial roots of mandibular molars were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 20) and shaped using CM, EDM and EF files up to the size 40 and taper 04 of the instruments. µCT scanning of the specimens before and after preparation was performed and the morphometric 2D and 3D parameters were evaluated in the apical, middle and coronal thirds of root canals. In each group, 40.04 instruments (n = 20) were subjected to the cyclic fatigue resistance test in artificial root canals at 37 °C temperature until fractures occurred, and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated. The fractographic analysis was performed using a scanning electron microscope, evaluating topographic features and surface profiles of the separated instruments. The one-way analysis of variance with post hoc Tuckey’s test was used for statistical analysis of the data; the significance level was set at 5%. All systems prepared the comparable percentage of root canal surface with the similar magnitude of canal transportation in all root thirds (p > 0.05), but demonstrated significantly different resistance to cyclic fatigue (p < 0.05). The most resistant to fracture was EF, followed by EDM and CM. The length of the fractured fragments was not significantly different between the groups, and fractographic analysis by SEM detected the typical topographic features of separated thermally treated NiTi instrument surfaces.

scholarly journals Effect of Core Mass and Alloy on Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Different Nickel-Titanium Endodontic Instruments in Matching Artificial Canals

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5734
Author(s):  
Sebastian Bürklein ◽  
Lennart Zupanc ◽  
David Donnermeyer ◽  
Karsten Tegtmeyer ◽  
Edgar Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Core Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Impact

Instrument failure during root canal preparation is still a concern among endodontists. However, it remains unclear whether the use of more martensitic alloys or the cross-sectional design parameters (i.e., core mass) significantly improve fracture resistance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of core mass and alloy on dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments in matching artificial canals at body temperature. Two groups were tested. (A) taper 0.04: F360 (Komet, Lemgo, Germany), Twisted file (Sybron Endo, Glendora, CA, USA) (=TF), JIZAI (Mani, Tochigi, Japan) (=J_04) (all size #25) and the variable tapered TruNatomy (Dentsply, Ballaigues, Switzerland) (size #26) (=TN). (B) size #25; taper 0.06: (Mtwo (VDW, Munich, Germany), JIZAI (Mani) (=J_06), and variable tapered Hyflex EDM OneFile (Coltene Whaledent, Altstätten, Switzerland) (=HF). Time, number of cycles to fracture (NCF), and number and length of fractured fragments were recorded and statistically analysed using ANOVA Student-Newman-Keuls, Kruskal–Wallis or Chi-square test (significance level = 0.05). (A) TN showed the significantly shortest time until fracture, followed by TF, F360 and J_04 which also differed significantly, while NCF showed the following order: F360 < TN < TF < J_04 (p < 0.05). Only one J_04 but all instruments of the other groups fractured within the test-limit of 10 min. (B) Mtwo was significantly inferior concerning time until fracture and NCF, compared to J_06 and HF (p < 0.05), which did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). While all Mtwo instruments fractured, only four instruments failed in the other groups (p < 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, alloy and cross-sectional design (i.e., core mass) were critical factors regarding instrument failure, but none of these factors could be determined as a main parameter for increased or decreased time, and cycles to fracture. Rather, it seemed to be the interaction of multiple factors (e.g., longitudinal and cross-sectional design, alloy, and rotational speed) that was responsible for differences in the time and cycles to fracture. Nonetheless, all instruments had lifetimes that allow safe clinical use. However, the superiority or inferiority of an instrument with regard to cyclic fatigue based on laboratory results—even when identical trajectories are guaranteed—may be considered questionable, as the characteristics and design parameters of the instruments vary considerably, and the experimental setups lack additional clinical parameters and thus clinical relevance.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Penggunaan Bahan Desensitizing dan Tanpa Desensitizing Pasca Bleaching Ekstra-Koronal terhadap Kekerasan Email

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Wignyo Hadriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Vickers Hardness Number ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject

Latar Belakang. Pada bleaching ekstrakoronal diketahui terjadi proses demineralisasi sehingga terjadi hiersensitivitas dentin. UltraEZ salah satu bahan desensitizing yang dapat mengurangi hipersensitivitas akibat demineralisasi email pasca bleaching ekstrakoronal terkini. Tujuan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kekerasan email pasca pemutihan gigi ekstra-koronal dengan aplikasi bahan desensitizing dan tanpa aplikasi bahan desensitizing. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan 20 gigi premolar permanen pasca pencabutanyang masih utuh dan direndam dalam saliva buatan, kemudian dilakukan pemolesan pada bagian bukal dengan menggunakan pasta profilaksis kemudian gigi dicuci dan dikeringkan. Bahan pemutih Opalescence Xtra Boost diaplikasikan pada semua permukaan bukal gigi premolar kemudian dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok I, II, masing-masing kelompok sebanyak 10 gigi. Kelompok I sebagai kelompok control setelah dilakukan pemutihan, tidak dilakukan aplikasi Ultra-EZ, dimasukkan dalam wadah botol dan direndam dalam saliva buatan kemudian disimpan dalam incubator. Mahkota dan akar gigi,kemudian ditanam dalam resin akrilik sesuai kelompok sebelumnya dengan permukaan bukal menghadap ke atas. Semua sampel diuji kekerasannya dengan uji kekerasan Vickers menggunakan beban 100 g selama 15 detik. Permukaan bukal menghadap ke atas, kemudian dijepit dengan alat penjepit pada meja alat Micro Vickers Hardness Tester. Sampel diatur sedemikian rupa sehingga akan terlihat gambar yang dapat diukur panjang diagonalnya langsung dengan micrometer yang ada pada lensa okuler. Nilai kekerasan email dalam Vickers hardness number (VHN) juga dapat diperoleh dari table setelah mengetahui rata-rata panjang diagonal, berat badan yang digunakan dan waktu yang digunakan untuk uji kekerasan. Pengujian ini dilakukan pada setiap kelompok. Selanjutnya diuji dengan uji-t. hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara aplikasi ultraEZ lima menit dibandingkan tanpa aplikasi ultraEZ terhadap kekerasan email pada p>0,05. Background. One of the side effect of bleaching agent is a dentine hypersensitive and ultraEZ is an agent can diminish this process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate difference of enamel microhardness post external bleaching with or without ultra-eze application. Method. Twenty extracted permanent bicuspid used in this study were divided into two group, each group contains 10 bicupids. Group I was treated external bleaching without ultra-eze application and group II was treated external bleaching with application ultraEZ for five minutes. After that all of the subject were seaked the artificial saliva and kept in the incubator 24 hours. Teeth were embedded into acrylic resin with the buccal sirface facing up. Further all of the subject was evaluated by Vickers using 100 g load for 15 seconds. Teeth were stapled on the Micro Hardness Tester table diagonal of emage was measure using micrometer attach on ocular lesnse. Email hardness can be known after calculating, the everage diagonal length, the load used and the duration of hardness test. Further the data was analize using t-test. The result shows there is significant difference between bleaching with and without the application of ultra-eze.

scholarly journals Comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance of XP-endo Shaper, HyFlex CM, FlexMaster and Race instruments

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Adiguzel ◽  
Ipek Isken ◽  
Ismail Ilker Pamukcu
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Rotary Instruments ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Cycles To Failure ◽  
One Way Anova

Background. The aim of this study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of XP-endo Shaper, HyFlex CM, FlexMaster and Race rotary instruments at body temperature (37±1°C). Methods. Twenty XP-endo Shaper (#30/.01), 20 HyFlex CM (#30/.04), 20 FlexMaster (#30/.04) and 20 Race (#30/.04) instruments were tested at body temperature (n=20). The instruments were evaluated in artificial canals with a 3-mm radius of curvature and 60° angle of curvature to the center of the 1.5-mm-wide canal. Each instrument was rotated until fracture occurred and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) recorded. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (P<0.05). Results. The difference in the NCF of all the instruments was statistically significant (P<0.05). The order of the instruments from the highest to the lowest NCF was as follows: XP-endo Shaper (3064.0±248.1), HyFlex CM (1120.5±106.1), FlexMaster (569.8±48.4) and Race (445.5±53.5). Conclusion. Under the limitations of the present study, XP-endo Shaper instruments were more resistant to cyclic fatigue than the #30/.04 nickel-titanium rotary instruments immersed in water at simulated body temperature.

scholarly journals Comparison of Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Heat-Treated Nickel-Titanium Reciprocating Instruments at the Intracanal Temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Neslihan Büşra Keskin ◽  
Gürkan Güneç
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Different Characteristics

Summary Background/Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of NiTi files running with reciprocal motion and having different characteristics (RPC Blue, WOG, EndoArt Wise Reciproc Gold, EndoArt Wise Reciproc Blue) at the intracanal temperature (35°C) by using NaOCl irrigation solution. Material and Methods: Totally 60 WaveOne GOLD (Dentsply-Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland), Reciproc Blue (VDW, Munich, Germany), EndoArt Wise Reciproc Gold, and EndoArt Wise Blue (Inci Dental Productions Co, Istanbul, Turkey) (n= 15) files were used. Each of the rotary files were tested at the intracanal temperature (35°C) using a dynamic model in a stainless-steel artificial canal with an inner diameter of 1.5 mm, 60° angle of curvature, and 2mm radius of curvature until fracture occurred. The device automatically stopped at the moment of fracture and the number of cycles to the fracture was calculated as per second. The lengths of fractured parts were measured using a digital microcaliper. The One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc tests were used for intergroup comparisons. Results: In 2 mm Radius of curvature, the EndoArt Wise Reciproc Blue group had a significantly higher time to fracture followed by the EndoArt Wise Reciproc Gold, Resiproc Blue, WaveOne Gold. No significant difference was found between EndoArt Wise Reciproc Gold and Resiproc Blue groups (P>0.05). Among the groups, there was no statistically significant difference in the lengths of fractured parts of the instruments (P> 0.05). Conclusions: EndoArt Wise Reciproc Blue files exhibited significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance compared with other files tested in a 2-mm radius of curvature and a 60° angle in an artificial canal at the intracanal temperature.

scholarly journals Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Blue Heat-Treated Instruments at Different Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Thalita Miranda Vieira ◽  
Ryhan Menezes Cardoso ◽  
Nayane Chagas Carvalho Alves ◽  
Silvio Emanuel Acioly Conrado de Menezes ◽  
Shirley Machado Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Instrument Type ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Vortex Blue ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

The main aim is to evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of blue heat-treated instruments with different kinematics. Twenty-four endodontic instruments of the same brand were used for each of three experimental groups: VB (Vortex Blue 40/0.04), RB (RECIPROC Blue 40/0.06), and XB (X1 Blue 40/0.06). The instruments were randomly distributed and subjected to temperatures of 20°C and 37°C. The fatigue test was performed using a stainless steel device. Data were analysed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Student’s t-test, the F test, and Tukey’s and Tamhane tests at significance level P = 0.05 . The instruments’ cyclic fatigue resistance at both temperatures differed significantly for each instrument type ( P < 0.001 ). The RB instruments displayed greater cyclic fatigue resistance at the tested temperatures compared with the VB and XB instruments ( P < 0.001 ). Reciprocating kinematics positively influenced cyclic fatigue resistance. Blue heat-treated instruments showed decreased cyclic fatigue resistance as the temperature increased ( P < 0.001 ).

scholarly journals Assessment of cyclic fatigue resistance of Protaper Next and WaveOne Gold in different kinematics

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Galal Ismail ◽  
Manar Galal ◽  
Nehal Nabil Roshdy
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Rotation Group ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Testing Device ◽  
Reciprocating Motion ◽  
Continuous Rotation ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Rotation Motion

Abstract Background The purpose of the current study was to inspect and compare the influence of applying continuous rotation and reciprocation motions on the cyclic fatigue resistance of Protaper Next (PTN) file (X2) and WaveOne Gold (WOG) Primary file in simulated canals. Twenty Protaper Next files(X2) and 20 WaveOne Gold Primary files were included in this study. A cyclic fatigue testing device was employed to test the cyclic resistance of each file in different motions. The testing device has an artificial custom-made stainless-steel canal with a 60° angle of curvature and a 2-mm radius of curvature. The files were randomly divided into 4 groups; group 1: PTN in continuous rotation, group 2: PTN in reciprocation, group 3: WOG in continuous rotation and group 4: WOG in reciprocation. All the instruments were rotated until fracture occurred, and the time to fracture was recorded in seconds using a digital chronometer. The number of cycles to fracture (NCF) was calculated. The data were analyzed statistically (p < .05). Results Results represented that when using either continuous rotation motion or reciprocating motion, WOG files showed a significantly longer time until failure than PTN files (p < 0.001). The time till fracture increased significantly, when using both types of files with a reciprocating filing motion. Conclusion Within the confinement of this study, WOG file in reciprocation showed higher cyclic fatigue resistance than PTN in both continuous rotation and reciprocating motion. The reciprocating motion enhances both files behavior in terms of cyclic fatigue resistance.

Influence of Ti on the Microstructure and Performance of Fe-Cr Alloy Cladding Layer

2016 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 709-715
Author(s):  
Jian Yang Liu ◽  
Qing Tao ◽  
Wei Lai ◽  
Wei Wei Tang ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Optical Micrograph ◽  
Series Alloy ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Microstructure And Performance

Considering the multi-porous and rimous Fe-Cr series alloy coatings deposited on Q235 steel by plasma arc welding, the mass fraction of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% Ti is mixed into Fe-Cr alloy powder. The microstructure and characteristics of the Fe-Cr series alloys with a range content of Ti were investigated using optical micrograph (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron micrograph (SEM) Digital Micro-hardness Tester and M-2000 dry abrasion tester. The major phase of the Fe-Cr layers is dendrite with the lath carbide mixed between the limb of dendrite and the grains refine with addition of Ti. The XRD result indicates the main phases are (Fe-Cr) solution, Cr23C6, and TiC, while the result of Digital Micro-hardness test shows the microhardness increases with the mass fraction of Ti till it comes to 4% and decreases with the following addition of Ti. The highest average hardness of layer is 750HV with content of 4% Ti, while the coating with 2% Ti appears better wear resistance with the least wear volume for the match of toughness matrix and hard phase. Hence, the coating with 2% to 4% Ti shows the best property.

scholarly journals Comparison of Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Five Heat Treated NiTi Rotary Systems in Single and Double Curved Canals.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Al-Obaida ◽  
Khalid Merdad ◽  
Ali Alkhamis ◽  
Muneer Khan Mohammed ◽  
Rahaf Al-Obaida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Double Curvature ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Separation Pattern ◽  
Vortex Blue ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract BackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare cyclic fatigue resistance (CFR) and separation patterns during rotating movement of five heat-treated nickel titanium files in both single and double-curved canals. MethodsCFR was compared between five groups of 24 files each: HyFlex® EDM, HyFlex™ CM, Vortex Blue®, Protaper Next®, and One Curve, by determining the time needed to fracture (TTF) and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) in a cyclic fatigue testing device with a single 5-mm radius of curvature (ROC) and 60° angle, and a double curvature; coronal curvature (5 mm ROC and 60° angle) and apical curvature (2 mm ROC and 70° angle). The separation pattern was evaluated, and file fragment separated length were measured. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc were used to compare statistical differences between the groups. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to investigate the fracture sites. Results HyFlex™ CM files displayed significantly higher CFR, followed by HyFlex® EDM and Vortex Blue® in single curvature canals, and Protaper Next® (PTN) in the double curvature canals, as observed by TFF and NCF. PTN group had the highest tendency for files to extrude apically after separation in both curvatures. ConclusionHyFlex™ CM instruments have superior resistance to cyclic flexural fatigue within single canals with single and double curvatures, followed by HyFlex® EDM and Vortex Blue® instruments. Protaper Next® files followed by One Curve had the highest tendency to extrude apically after separationClinical relevanceHyFlex™ CM instruments showed the highest safety in preparing canals with single or double curvatures, considering CFR.

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