scholarly journals Profile of host cell responses to exposure to stressed bacteria in planktonic; dislodged, and intact biofilm mode

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Rafaela Fernandes Zancan ◽  
José Burgos Ponce ◽  
Thiago José Dionisio ◽  
Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira ◽  
Rafaela Alves da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Host Defense Response ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract The host defense response to microbial challenge emerging from the root canal system leads to apical periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of inflammatory cytokines and Nitric Oxide (NO) by macrophages after interaction with Enterococcus faecalis in the: plankton and dislodged biofilm mode; intact biofilm mode stimulated by calcium hydroxide (CH), CH and chlorhexidine (CHX) or Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP). For this purpose, culture of macrophages from monocytes in human peripheral blood (N=8) were exposed to the different modes of bacteria for 24 hours. Subsequently, the cytokines, such as, Tumor Necrotic Factor- alfa (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10; and NO were quantified by Luminex xMAP and Greiss reaction, respectively. In addition to the potential therapeutic effects of the intracanal medication, their antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm were also tested in vitro by confocal microscopy. The experiments` data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test with the Dunn post hoc test (α < 0.05). Bacteria in dislodged biofilm mode were shown to be more aggressive to the immune system than bacteria in plankton mode and negative control, inducing greater expression of NO and TNF-α. Relative to bacteria in intact biofilm mode, the weakest antimicrobial activity occurred in Group CH. In Groups CH/CHX and TAP the percentage of dead bacteria was significantly increased to the same extent. Interestingly, the biofilm itself did not induce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines - except for NO - while the biofilm treated with TAP and CH based pastes enhanced the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α; and IL-1 β, respectively. In contrast, the levels of a potent anti-inflammatory (IL-10) were increased in Group TAP.

AAnti-Inflammatory Effects of Plasma Circulating Exosomes Obtained from Normal-Weight and Obese Subjects on Hepatocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Afrisham ◽  
Sahar Sadegh-Nejadi ◽  
Reza Meshkani ◽  
Solaleh Emamgholipour ◽  
Molood Bagherieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Human Liver Cells ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Introduction: Obesity is a disorder with low-grade chronic inflammation that plays a key role in the hepatic inflammation and steatosis. Moreover, there are studies to support the role of exosomes in the cellular communications, the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and immunomodulatory activity. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the influence of plasma circulating exosomes derived from females with normal-weight and obesity on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in human liver cells. Methods: Plasma circulating exosomes were isolated from four normal (N-Exo) and four obese (O-Exo) women. The exosomes were characterized and approved for CD63 expression (common exosomal protein marker) and morphology/size using the western blot and TEM methods, respectively. The exosomes were used for stimulation of HepG2 cells in vitro. After 24 h incubation, the protein levels of TNF-α,IL-6, and IL-1β were measured in the culture supernatant of HepG2 cells using the ELISA kit. Results: The protein levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cells treated with O-Exo and N-Exo reduced significantly in comparison with control group (P=0.039 and P<0.001 respectively), while significance differences were not found between normal and obese groups (P=0.808, and P=0.978 respectively). However, no significant differences were found between three groups in term of IL-1β levels (P=0.069). Based on the correlation analysis, the protein levels of IL-6 were positively correlated with TNF-α (r 0.978, P<0.001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that plasma circulating exosomes have probably anti-inflammatory properties independently from body mass index and may decrease the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in liver. However, further investigations in vitro and in vivo are needed to address the anti-inflammatory function of N-Exo and O-Exo in human liver cells and/or other cells.

scholarly journals Alleviation of Oxidative Stress in Dental Pulp Cells Following 4-Hexylresorcinol Administration in a Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3637
Author(s):  
Jun-Ho Chang ◽  
Dae-Won Kim ◽  
Seong-Gon Kim ◽  
Tae-Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Mandibular Incisor ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Pulp Cells ◽  
Pre Treatment

Damaged dental pulp undergoes oxidative stress and 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) is a well-known antioxidant. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of a 4HR ointment on damaged dental pulp. Pulp cells from rat mandibular incisor were cultured and treated with 4HR or resveratrol (1–100 μM). These treatments (10–100 μM) exerted a protective effect during subsequent hydrogen peroxide treatments. The total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly increased following 4HR or resveratrol treatment (p < 0.05), while the expression levels of TNF-α and IL1β were decreased following the exposure to 4HR pre-treatment in an in vitro model. Additionally, the application of 4HR ointment in an exposed dental pulp model significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL1β (p < 0.05). Conclusively, 4HR exerted protective effects against oxidative stress in dental pulp tissues through downregulating TNF-α and IL1β.

scholarly journals EFEK ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN MIMBA (Azadirachta indica) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Enterococcus faecalis SECARA IN-VITRO

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Cut Soraya ◽  
Sunnati ◽  
Fenny Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Banda Aceh

Perawatan saluran akar adalah perawatan yang dilakukan untuk mempertahankan gigi agar dapatberfungsi di lengkung gigi selama mungkin. Penyebab dominan dari kegagalan perawatan endodontikadalah adanya bakteri di dalam saluran akar. Bakteri yang paling sering ditemukan pada isolasi darigigi yang mengalami kegagalan perawatan saluran akar adalah Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis).Salah satu jenis tanaman herbal yang memiliki sifat antibakteri yang tinggi adalah tanaman mimba(A.indica). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis efek antibakteri ekstrak daun mimba (A.indica)terhadap pertumbuhan E. faecalis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorisdengan desain penelitian true experimental posttest only control group. Penelitian dilalukan denganmenguji ekstrak daun mimba (A.indica) pada konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% dan 100%terhadap pertumbuhan E. faecalis yang dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas KedokteranHewan (FKH) Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh. Hasil uji fitokimia yang dilakukan menunjukkanbahwa ekstrak daun mimba (A. indica) positif mengandung triterpenoid, phenolic compound, tanin,steroid dan saponin yang berperan sebagai antibakteri. Hasil uji efek antibakteri ekstrak daun mimba(A. indica) menunjukkan adanya pembentukan zona hambat di sekitar kertas cakram pada setiapkonsentrasi. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa ekstrak daun mimba memiliki efek antibakteri yangmemiliki kemampuan dalam menghambat pertumbuhan E. faecalis. Uji statistik digunakanmenggunakan one way ANOVA. Kemudian dilakukan uji lanjut (Post hoc test) menggunakan LeastSignificant Difference untuk menganalisis perbedaan efek antibakteri ekstrak daun mimba (A. indica)dalam konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% dan 100% terhadap pertumbuhan E.faecalis.Kesimpulan penelitian ini ekstrak daun mimba (A. indica) berpotensi menghambatpertumbuhan E. faecalis.Kata Kunci: Azadirachta indica, Enterococcus faecalis, perawatan saluran akar.

Abstract P019: Exosomes from Human CD34+ Cells: Critical Mediators of Proangiogenic Paracrine Effect of EPCs

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susmita Sahoo ◽  
Sol Misener ◽  
Tina Thorne ◽  
Meredith Millay ◽  
Kathryn M Schultz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Paracrine Effect ◽  
Human Cd34 ◽  
Cd34 Cells

Local transplantation of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells has been shown to promote neovascularization in pre-clinical studies in models of myocardial and limb ischemia. In early phase clinical trials, transplantation of CD34+ cells has been associated with reduced angina, improved exercise time and reduced amputation rates. Several studies have suggested that paracrine effects by these pro-angiogenic cells mediate the effects induced by cell transplantation. We hypothesized that CD34+ cells secrete exosomes (Exo), which mediate at least a part of the therapeutic function of the cells. Methods and Results: We isolated Exo from the conditioned media of adult human peripheral blood (PB) CD34+ cells. The angiogenic and therapeutic potency of CD34+ Exo was compared with the intact CD34+ cells and also with PB mononuclear cell (MNC) Exo. Exo from both CD34+ cells and MNC are 50–90nm in size, have cup shaped morphology, and carry known Exo-marker proteins such as CD63, TSG101 and Annexin V as shown by electron microscopy, Western blot and flow cytometry. Compared to CD34+ cells or MNC Exo, CD34+ Exo significantly induces in vitro angiogenic activities such as viability, proliferation and tube formation of HUVECs on matrigel- in a dose dependent manner. In vivo, CD34+ Exo stimulated significant neovascularization in mouse corneal angiogenesis assay (14±4 mm v MNC Exo, 4±1 mm, p<0.01) and incorporation of endothelial (CD31+) cells in mouse matrigel-plug assay (6±1.7% v CD34+ cells, 2±0.8%, p<0.01). Finally, in a mouse model of hind limb ischemia (HLI), CD34+ Exo significantly improved perfusion (ratio: 1.01±0.04 v 0.57±0.1, P<0.05), increased capillary density (1.8±0.3/HPF v 0.9±0.1/HPF, p<0.001) and prevented ischemic leg amputation (16% v 100%), as compared with MNC Exo. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that CD34+ Exo induce angiogenic activity and ischemic tissue repair in the absence of CD34+ cells, and suggest that Exo represent important mediators of the therapeutic effects associated with CD34+ cell therapy. We speculate that Exo derived from CD34+ cells may represent a significant component of the paracrine effect of progenitor-cell transplantation for therapeutic angiogenesis.

scholarly journals P0527AROLE OF PROMOTING INFLAMMATION OF KLF6 IN ACUTE KIDNEY INURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Li ◽  
Chenyu Li ◽  
Yan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Public Dataset ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Background and Aims Acute kidney injury (AKI), commonly appeared in cardiac arrest, surgery and kidney transplantation which involved in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury of kidney. However, the mechanisms underlying inflammatory response in IR AKI is still unclear. Method Public dataset showed kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) was significantly highly expressed (P&lt;0.05) in AKI, implies KLF6 might be associated with AKI. To evaluate the mechanism of KLF6 on IR AKI, 30 rats were randomly divided into sham and IR group, and were sacrificed at 0 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h or 24 h after IR. Results The results showed KLF6 expression was peaking at 6 h after IR, and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines MCP-1 and TNF-α were increased both in serum and kidney tissues after IR, while anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was decreased after IR. Furthermore, in vitro results showed KLF6 knock-down reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokines expression. Conclusion These results suggest that (1) KLF6 might be a novel biomarker for early diagnosis of AKI and (2) targeting KLF6 expression may offer novel strategies to protect kidneys from IR AKI Figure KLF6, AKI, Control Inflammation

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Ibuprofen against Cystic Fibrosis-Associated Gram-Negative Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parth N. Shah ◽  
Kimberly R. Marshall-Batty ◽  
Justin A. Smolen ◽  
Jasur A. Tagaev ◽  
Qingquan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Biodistribution Studies

ABSTRACTClinical trials have demonstrated the benefits of ibuprofen therapy in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, an effect that is currently attributed to ibuprofen's anti-inflammatory properties. Yet, a few previous reports demonstrated an antimicrobial activity of ibuprofen as well, although none investigated its direct effects on the pathogens found in the CF lung, which is the focus of this work. Determination of ibuprofen'sin vitroantimicrobial activity againstPseudomonas aeruginosaandBurkholderiaspecies strains through measurements of the endpoint number of CFU and growth kinetics showed that ibuprofen reduced the growth rate and bacterial burden of the tested strains in a dose-dependent fashion. In anin vitroPseudomonasbiofilm model, a reduction in the rate of biomass accumulation over 8 h of growth with ibuprofen treatment was observed. Next, an acutePseudomonaspneumonia model was used to test this antimicrobial activity after the oral delivery of ibuprofen. Following intranasal inoculation, ibuprofen-treated mice exhibited lower CFU counts and improved survival compared with the control animals. Preliminary biodistribution studies performed after the delivery of ibuprofen to mice by aerosol demonstrated a rapid accumulation of ibuprofen in serum and minimum retention in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Therefore, ibuprofen-encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles (Ibu-NPs) were formulated to improve the pharmacokinetic profile. Ibu-NPs formulated for aerosol delivery inhibited the growth ofP. aeruginosa in vitroand may provide a convenient dosing method. These results provide an additional explanation for the previously observed therapeutic effects of ibuprofen in CF patients and further strengthen the argument for its use by these patients.

scholarly journals Steroid Sulfates from Ophiuroids (Brittle Stars): Action on Some Factors of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100
Author(s):  
Anna K Gazha ◽  
Lyudmila A. Ivanushko ◽  
Eleonora V. Levina ◽  
Sergey N. Fedorov ◽  
Tatyana S. Zaporozets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Brittle Stars ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The action of seven polyhydroxylated sterol mono- and disulfates (1-7), isolated from ophiuroids, on innate and adaptive immunity was examined in in vitro and in vivo experiments. At least, three of them (1, 2 and 4) increased the functional activities of neutrophils, including levels of oxygen-dependent metabolism, adhesive and phagocytic properties, and induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-8. Compound 4 was the most active for enhancing the production of antibody forming cells in the mouse spleen.

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