ARAUCARIA CLONAL FORESTRY: TYPES OF CUTTINGS AND MOTHER TREE SEX IN FIELD SURVIVAL AND GROWTH

ABSTRACT Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O Kuntze (Paraná pine or Araucaria) is a potential forestry native species for Brazilian silviculture. However, a number of challenges and technical restraints persist, hindering its silvicultural expansion, among which are the lack of cloning technologies of superior genetic materials and their assessment under field conditions. Thus, we evaluated the potential use of araucaria plants derived from cuttings and seeds for timber production, by assessing field survival, growth and strobilus production using cuttings from male and female plants, collected from different positions, compared with those produced by sexual reproduction. Clones of male and female trees from different types of cuttings and seedlings were planted in 3 x 3 m spacing. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design of one tree plot with three treatments. Female clones and apical cuttings showed higher growth in diameter at breast height (6.4 cm) and total height (3.6 m) 74 months after planting, followed by seedlings and other clones, with similar results. We conclude that cuttings technique is potential for araucaria propagation for wood production purposes, and it is favored by the use of apical cuttings from female mother trees.

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CLONAL FORESTRY OF Araucaria angustifolia: PLANTS PRODUCED BY GRAFTING AND CUTTINGS CAN BE USED FOR WOOD PRODUCTION1

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/1806-90882017000100017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivar Wendling ◽

Carlos André Stuepp ◽

Delmar Santin ◽

Katia Christiana Zuffellato-Ribas

Keyword(s):

Form Factor ◽

Native Species ◽

Araucaria Angustifolia ◽

Clonal Forestry ◽

Wood Production ◽

Equivalent Age ◽

Breast Height ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Potential Use

ABSTRACT Araucaria angustifolia (Brazilian Pine or Araucaria) is a potential native species to Brazilian forestry. However, a number of challenges and technical restraints still persist, making difficult its expansion as a species for forest plantations, among which the lack of cloning technologies evaluation in field conditions. So the present study aimed to evaluate the potential use of Araucaria plants produced by cuttings and grafting for wood production in comparison to those produced by seeds, by assessing field vigor and establishing a form factor for plantations with equivalent age. Plants from cuttings and seeds were planted in a 3 x 3 m spacing, being part of the last intended to be rootstocks for grafting. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three treatments and plots of a plant (one tree plot). Plants from cuttings had higher growth in diameter at breast height (7.4 ± 2.41 cm) and total height (4.2 ± 1.08 m) at 74 months after planting, followed by grafted plants and from seeds, with similar results. We conclude that cuttings and grafting are potential techniques for Araucaria plants formation for wood production, and, in particular, grafting is recommended by the easiness of in its application, besides the fact that it can be used for seed orchards formation and presents volumetric increase and form factor similar to seedlings.

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CLONAL FORESTRY OF Piptocarpha angustifolia: SURVIVAL AND GROWTH VIGOR IN FIELD CONDITIONS

CERNE ◽

10.1590/01047760201723012262 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 69-74

Author(s):

Carlos André Stuepp ◽

Ivar Wendling ◽

Henrique Soares Koehler ◽

Katia Christina Zuffellato-Ribas

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Forest Plantations ◽

Clonal Forestry ◽

Base Diameter ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Clonal Plantation ◽

Survival And Growth ◽

Growth Vigor ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Piptocarpha angustifolia is a potential native species for Brazilian forestry. However, a lot of challenges and technical constraints persist, hindering its expansion as a species for forest plantations, among them, the lack of evaluation of their survival and growth in field conditions. Thus, we evaluated the survival and growth vigor of Piptocarpha angustifolia according to two initial heights of mini-cuttings at planting. Plants from mini-cuttings with 20 ± 5 cm and 40 ± 5 cm were planted in field using 3 × 2 m spacing. In these, we evaluated the survival, base diameter and total height during 24 months. The experiment was implemented in a completely randomized design in a split plot model. Plants of 20 ± 5 cm are superior in survival to 40 ± 5 cm ones. The growth in height and diameter remained constant up to 24 months, reaching 64.1 cm and 13.5 mm, independently of the plants expedition time. In general, the establishment of clonal plantation of Piptocarpha angustifolia was limited by the attack of pests, mainly cutting ants. For this reason, plantation of this species must take into account the possibility of greater pest control.

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Consumo, digestibilidade e balanço de nitrogênio de rações contendo diferentes teores de torta de murumuru em dietas para ovinos

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n1p415 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 415

Author(s):

Bruno Peres de Menezes ◽

Laurena Silva Rodrigues ◽

José De Brito Lourenço Júnior ◽

André Guimarães Maciel e Silva ◽

Stefano Juliano Tavares de Andrade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Balance ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Linear Effect ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Linear Effects ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Quadratic Effects ◽

Potential Use ◽

Male Sheep

This study aimed to assess the potential use of increasing levels of murumuru cake (Astrocaryum murumuru var. murumuru, M art.) (MC) in sheep diets as a replacement for Mombasa grass (Panicum maximum Jacq). Metabolic tests were performed with 20 castrated male sheep at Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Pará, during 26 days. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with five diets and four replications. MC0: 100% grass; MC10: 10% MC and 90% grass; MC20: 20% MC and 80% grass; MC40: 40% MC and 60% grass; and MC60: 60% MC and 40% grass. The intake and the coefficient of apparent digestibility of dry matter (DMI and CDDM), organic matter (OMI and CDOM), crude protein (CPI and CDCP), neutral detergent fiber (NDFI and CDNDF), acid detergent fiber (ADFI and CDADF), ether extract (EEI and CDEE), cellulose (CELI and CDCEL), hemicellulose (HEMI and CDHEM), and nitrogen balance (NB) of experimental diets were determined. The intake of mineral material (MMI) and lignin (LIGI) were also determined. The DMI, OMI, MMI, CPI, NDFI, and ADFI displayed a decreasing linear effect with the replacement of Mombasa grass by MC in the diet. The EEI and the LIGI presented quadratic effects according to the replacement levels of MC in the diet. The CDDM, CDOM, and CDHEM displayed increasing linear effects, between MC0 and MC60. The CDEE, CDNDF, CDADF, and CDCEL displayed a quadratic effect, with optimum replacement levels of 56.65%, 41%, 31.33%, and 27.46%, respectively. The nitrogen balance presented a negative linear effect in the range of 0% to 60% of murumuru cake. One can conclude that murumuru cake is an alternative to the dietary supplementation of ruminants in replacing the Mombasa grass because it provides an increase in the digestibility of nutrients for sheep. However, a limited replacement level must be implemented, considering that from 27.46%, 31.33%, 41%, and 56.65% replacement, a decline occurs in the CDCEL, CDADF, CDNDF, and CDEE, respectively, although a negative nitrogen balance does not occur.

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Produktivitas Rumput Hamil (Panicum maximum cv Hamil) yang Ditanam Menggunakan Benih Berbeda

Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia ◽

10.18343/jipi.26.3.444 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 444-449

Author(s):

Ahmad Fanindi ◽

Endang Sutedi ◽

Harmini Harmini

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Traits ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Selection Method ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Different Types ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Difference ◽

Generative Phase

Reproductive traits determine the selection method in plant breeding. The benggala grass of the Hamil cultivar was thought to be apomictic; thus, a study was conducted to determine its reproduction. The research began by studying the morphological characters, continued with observing the generative phase and seed production of the cultivar planted from seeds (generative) and from pols (vegetative). The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the Research Institute of Animal Production. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with ten replications, and the treatments were different types of plant materials: seeds and pols. The Hamil cultivar taken from RIAP Collection was planted in pots with a diameter of 40 cm and a height of 30 cm. The results showed that most of the morphological characters of the Hamil cultivar planted from seeds and from pols were not different (P >0.05), so it was presumed that they were apomictic. The difference in morphology was only in the length and width of the flag leaves and the length of the internodes, where the cultivars planted using seeds were higher. The production of seeds, pithy seed weight, and seed germination of cultivars planted using seeds were higher (P <0.05). Further research is needed to determine the apomixis properties based on cytologically Hamil cultivars. Keywords: apomixis, benggala grass, morphology, plnting material; seed

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Hormonal profile and reproductive performance of male and female rabbits fed diets containing garlic bulb (Allium sativum) meal

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v45i2.465 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

Author(s):

M. U. Onyekwere ◽

P. C. Jiwuba ◽

K. U. Anukam ◽

U. H. Ukpabi ◽

U. E. Egu

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Performance ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Male And Female ◽

Dietary Level ◽

Hormonal Profile ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Litter Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Garlic Bulb ◽

Completely Randomized Design

An experiment was conducted with 24 buck and 24 doe rabbits of about 5-8 months. The animals were fed diets containing garlic flour meal to determine the effect on the hormonal profile and reproductive performance of the rabbits. The 48 rabbits were separated according to their sexes (buck and doe) and divided into four treatment groups with four rabbits consequently replicated three times in a completely randomized design. Dietary levels of 0.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0% of garlic flour meal were used to formulate the diet for rabbits. At the end of this trial, different parameters on hormonal profile and reproductive performance were determined. All the parameters of hormonal profile were significantly P<0.05) different thereby maintaining similar values except luteinizing hormone which had slight value fluctuation. The highest value of testosterone and progesterone were recorded in the diet containing 15.0% garlic flour meal. Similarly, the parameters on reproductive performance exhibited significant (P<0.05) difference. Partum weight and litter weight at birth showed a higher value as garlic meal was increased. The results of this study indicated that 15.0% dietary level of garlic flour meal proved acceptable for hormonal profile and reproductive performance of rabbit.

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The Potential Use of EDTA as an Alternative to Defibrination in Preparing Blood Agar Plates with Human AB Blood Type on Staphylococcus aureus Culture

Indonesian Journal of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology ◽

10.33086/ijmlst.v3i1.1923 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 64-71

Author(s):

Dora Dayu Rahma Turista ◽

Eka Puspitasari ◽

Fanny Kurnanda Razvi

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽

Blood Type ◽

Blood Agar ◽

Clotting Factors ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Blood Clots ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Potential Use ◽

Blood Clotting Factors

Blood Agar Plates (BAP) are composed of blood as one of the compositions. Sheep’s blood is usually used, but since it is difficult to be obtained, human AB blood type was used as an alternative. In preparing BAP, blood is defibrinated to lyse the blood clotting factors. Blood clots can also be prevented by adding anticoagulants, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). This study aims to investigate the potential use of EDTA as a substitute for defibrination in preparing BAP with human AB blood type. This study employed a completely randomized design with true experimental method using Staphylococcus aureus as the sample. The parameters were the number of colonies, types of hemolysis, and hemolysis zone. The results showed that the S. aureus grown on BAP with EDTA-human AB blood type was 64 colonies (mean), produced β-hemolytic pattern, and 6 mm hemolytic zone. In contrast, the S. aureus grown on BAP with defibrinated human AB blood type showed 82 colonies (mean), β-hemolytic pattern, and 5 mm hemolytic zone. There were significant differences in the number of colonies (0.000 < α) and hemolytic zones (0.02 < α). However, there was no difference in the hemolysis type (both treatments produced β-hemolysis). EDTA was possible to be used as a substitute for defibrination in preparing BAP to assess the hemolysis type of S. aureus, but it might not be able to be used as a benchmark for counting the number of colonies and determining the hemolysis zone of S. aureus.

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Coffee straw mineralization applied to the soil surface

Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.9755/ejfa.2019.v31.i5.1956 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 380

Author(s):

I.R. Bosa, P.A.V. Lo Monaco, I.R. Haddade, H.T. Barth, G.H.S. Vieira ◽

C.M. Meneghelli ◽

S. da Silva Berilli

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Organic Nitrogen ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Agricultural Crops ◽

Mineralization Process ◽

Climatic Variations ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Potential Use

The potential use of coffee straw (composed of outer skin, pulp and parchment) as fertilizer for agricultural crops implies the need to know the dynamics of their decomposition and release of the nutrients. This is to assist the farmers in the management of these residues, especially in the best time of its application in the soil. The aim of this work was to evaluate the dynamics of organic carbon and organic nitrogen during the coffee straw mineralization process, when applied superficially to a Dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol (LVAd). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with ten treatments, related to different post-disposal periods to the soil (0, 7, 13, 20, 27, 34, 48, 69, 98, 147 days) and four replications. Soil samples were collected to quantify the easily oxidized organic carbon (OCeo) and organic nitrogen (ON) contents and their respective mineralized fractions. The evaluation of OCeo mineralization, being more stable and less sensitive to climatic variations, is the most appropriate parameter to estimate the mineralized fraction of the residue. The application of coffee straw in a LVAd during the month of August provides, after 147 days, mineralized fractions of OCeo and ON around 88% and 36%, respectively, in the climatic conditions of the mountain region of Espírito Santo state, Brazil.

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Açaí seed bran in the feed of slow-growth broilers

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-4392201703994 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 298-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Janaína de Cássia Braga ARRUDA ◽

Lívia Anália Bentes da FONSECA ◽

Leonardo César Portal PINTO ◽

Higor César de Oliveira PINHEIRO ◽

Brenda Thamara Oliveira MONTEIRO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Slow Growth ◽

Development Stage ◽

Economic Viability ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Broiler Production ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Potential Use

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the potential use of açaí seeds as an alternative ingredient in the feed of slow-growth broilers until 28 days of age. We carried out a bromatological analysis of fractions of the açaí fruit. The açaí seed without mesocarp was the best choice for formulation of the açaí seed bran (ASB), which was evaluated in terms of bird performance and economic viability of the supplemented feed. A total of 416 male chicks of the French Red-Naked Neck lineage were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 2, 6 and 10% inclusion of ASBin the feed) with eight replicates each. The results indicated that ASB can be included in proportions of up to 10% in the diet of slow growth broilers at early development stage without impairing performance. The 10% inclusion level also was economically equal to the control treatment, representing a viable alternative for broiler production, with potential for reduction of the negative impacts generated by açaí residue in the environment.

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Initial Growth of Amburana cearensis in Decomposed Buriti Stem Substrate and Nitrogen Doses

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n7p497 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 497

Author(s):

Augusto Matias de Oliveira ◽

Wéverson Lima Fonseca ◽

Tiago De Oliveira Sousa ◽

Hingrid Raiany Santos Teixeira ◽

Fernandes Antonio de Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Significant Interaction ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Slow Growth ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Initial Development ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

One of the difficulties of producing native species seedlings is slow growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial development of Amburana cearensis (Allem.) A. C. Smith in relation to the concentration decomposed buriti stem substratum and nitrogen doses. A completely randomized design was used in a factorial arrangement of 3 × 5 (proportions of decomposed buriti stem × nitrogen doses), with six replicates. The treatments were formulated substrates comprised of decomposed buriti stem manually mixed with soil (Dystrophic Yellow Latosol) in three proportions (0, 25 and 50%) and five nitrogen doses (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg dm-3) applied in treatments. There was no significant interaction between the DRM and ND factors. However, there was an isolated effect for the following variables: Plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), leaf number (LN), leaf area (LA), dry mass of the aerial part (DMA) and root length (RL). The best concentrations of the substrate for the variables PH, LA and DMA were 25% and 50%, whereas for SD, LN and RL, the best result was 50%. ND and other variables had good responses under recommended doses ranging from a minimum of 264.82 mg dm-3, observed in DMA, and a maximum of 400 mg dm-3, observed in RL. Both factors positively the quality of umburana seedlings.

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Evaluation of Different Types of Substrates in Cocoa Nursery (Theobroma Cacao L.)

International Journal of Science and Engineering Invention ◽

10.23958/ijsei/vol03-i01/03 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Luis Tarquino Llerena Ramos ◽

Cesar Ramiro Bermeo Toledo ◽

Paula Marisol V

Keyword(s):

Theobroma Cacao ◽

Production Cost ◽

Black Soil ◽

Organic Substrates ◽

Rice Husks ◽

State Technical ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Different Types ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Theobroma Cacao L

This research was conducted at the experimental farm "La Maria" State Technical University of Quevedo, located at Km 7.5 VÃa Quevedo - El Empalme, with the overall objective to determine the effect of different organic substrates on seedling growth cocoa nursery conditions. The specific objectives were to evaluate the growth of cocoa plants in different substrates study, identify the substrate that allows greater root development of seedlings of cacao and perform economic analysis of each of the treatments studied. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design with 10 treatments in three replicates and treatment means were compared with Duncan test at 95% probability. The treatments were: T1: 60% Bokashi + 40% black earth, T2: 60% Bokashi + 40% sawdust raft, T3: 60% Bokashi + 40% chaff burnt rice, T4: 40% Bokashi + 20% sawdust balsa + 20% black soil + 20% chaff burnt rice, T5: 60% vermicompost + 40% black earth, T6: 60% vermicompost + 40% sawdust raft, S7: 60% vermicompost + 40% chaff burnt rice, T8: 40% vermicompost + 20% black soil + 20% chaff burn rice + 20% sawdust raft, T9: 30% bokashi + 30% vermicompost + 20% black earth + 10% sawdust + 10% balsa burning rice chaff, T10: 75% + 25% black earth rice husks. The main results of this research it was observed that the planted in treating 9 (30% Bokashi, 30% vermicompost, 20% black soil, 10% sawdust balsa and 10% chaff burnt rice), was recorded 100% germination, plant also produced in this substrate were greater height, stem diameter, presence of leaves and root length. Treatment 10 (75% of black earth and 25% rice husks) produced the highest returns with 59.68% of the production of 1000 seedlings, meaning that for every dollar invested a profit of $ 0.60 was obtained for every dollar reversed, however, with treatment 9 (30% bokashi, 30% vermicompost + 20% black soil + 10% sawdust raft + 10% chaff burnt rice) plants showed better characteristics that are the basis for acceptance by the buyer, generating a return of 34.23%, as a result of higher production cost.

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