scholarly journals Consumo, digestibilidade e balanço de nitrogênio de rações contendo diferentes teores de torta de murumuru em dietas para ovinos

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Bruno Peres de Menezes ◽  
Laurena Silva Rodrigues ◽  
José De Brito Lourenço Júnior ◽  
André Guimarães Maciel e Silva ◽  
Stefano Juliano Tavares de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Linear Effects ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Male Sheep

This study aimed to assess the potential use of increasing levels of murumuru cake (Astrocaryum murumuru var. murumuru, M art.) (MC) in sheep diets as a replacement for Mombasa grass (Panicum maximum Jacq). Metabolic tests were performed with 20 castrated male sheep at Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Pará, during 26 days. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with five diets and four replications. MC0: 100% grass; MC10: 10% MC and 90% grass; MC20: 20% MC and 80% grass; MC40: 40% MC and 60% grass; and MC60: 60% MC and 40% grass. The intake and the coefficient of apparent digestibility of dry matter (DMI and CDDM), organic matter (OMI and CDOM), crude protein (CPI and CDCP), neutral detergent fiber (NDFI and CDNDF), acid detergent fiber (ADFI and CDADF), ether extract (EEI and CDEE), cellulose (CELI and CDCEL), hemicellulose (HEMI and CDHEM), and nitrogen balance (NB) of experimental diets were determined. The intake of mineral material (MMI) and lignin (LIGI) were also determined. The DMI, OMI, MMI, CPI, NDFI, and ADFI displayed a decreasing linear effect with the replacement of Mombasa grass by MC in the diet. The EEI and the LIGI presented quadratic effects according to the replacement levels of MC in the diet. The CDDM, CDOM, and CDHEM displayed increasing linear effects, between MC0 and MC60. The CDEE, CDNDF, CDADF, and CDCEL displayed a quadratic effect, with optimum replacement levels of 56.65%, 41%, 31.33%, and 27.46%, respectively. The nitrogen balance presented a negative linear effect in the range of 0% to 60% of murumuru cake. One can conclude that murumuru cake is an alternative to the dietary supplementation of ruminants in replacing the Mombasa grass because it provides an increase in the digestibility of nutrients for sheep. However, a limited replacement level must be implemented, considering that from 27.46%, 31.33%, 41%, and 56.65% replacement, a decline occurs in the CDCEL, CDADF, CDNDF, and CDEE, respectively, although a negative nitrogen balance does not occur.

scholarly journals Yellow grease in sheep diets: intake and digestibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-692
Author(s):  
A.C. Rêgo ◽  
C.S.B. Oliveira ◽  
L.E.F. Afonso ◽  
J.C. Azevedo ◽  
O.R. Machado Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Yellow Grease ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effects of yellow grease supplementation on the intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance in sheep. Twenty Santa Inês lambs with a mean age of 95 ± 10 d and body weight of 19.29 ± 3.17kg were evaluated in a completely randomized design. The diets were supplemented with oil at concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 gkg-1 of dry matter (DM) of the concentrate. The diets were based on roughage and concentrate (50:50). The experimental period lasted 19 d and included 14 adaptation days and five collection days for the total supplied diet, orts, feces, and urine. Supplementation with yellow grease had no significant effect on the intake of DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), or non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC). However, the ether extract (EE) intake increased linearly with supplementation of yellow grease. Moreover, no effect was observed for DM, CP, NDF, and NFC digestibility and nitrogen balance. EE digestibility increased linearly with the yellow grease dietary supplementation. Thus, sheep dietary supplementation with yellow grease may be used at a level of up to 80 gkg-1 of DM of concentrate without impairing nutrient intake and digestibility.

scholarly journals Digestibility and nitrogen balance of lambs fed sugarcane hydrolyzed under different conditions as roughage in the diet

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Endo ◽  
Américo Garcia da Silva Sobrinho ◽  
Fabiana Alves de Almeida ◽  
Natália Ludmila Lins Lima ◽  
Nivea Maria Brancacci Lopes Zeola
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Hydrolysis Conditions

This study aimed to evaluate the digestibility and nitrogen balance (NB) of lambs fed sugarcane hydrolyzed under different conditions. Fifteen Ile de France lambs at, on average, 23.5kg of body weight were evaluated. Treatments were: in natura sugarcane (IN), sugarcane hydrolyzed using 0.6% calcium oxide (CaO) under aerobic condition (AER), and sugarcane hydrolyzed using 0.6% CaO under anaerobic condition (ANA). Therefore, a completely randomized design was constituted with five replicates per treatment. Treatments were supplied to animals along with concentrate. Both hydrolysis conditions aimed to alter the sugarcane fermentation pattern, therefore improving fiber digestibility. Lambs were housed in individual pens and fed with diet allowing 10% of refusals. Refusals, feces and urine were sampled daily during five days. They were collected to determine the digestibility and NB. A higher digestibility of neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (57.05%), organic matter (85.39%), hemicellulose (72.09%), NB (29.46g day-1 and 2.78g kg-0.75 day-1) and rate of nitrogen absorbed (3.00g kg-0.75 day-1) were observed for lambs fed with ANA than for those fed IN (41.17%, 73.76%, 53.80%, 21.39g day-1, 2.00g kg-0.75 day-1 and 2.22g kg-0.75 day-1, respectively). As roughage, ANA in the lamb diet, optimizes the nitrogen balance and is more efficient to improve the digestibility of some nutrients compared to IN. Whereas AER was as efficient as ANA and IN

scholarly journals Performance, gut morphometry and enzymatic activity of broilers fed neonatal supplementation in housing

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 38423
Author(s):  
Tatiane Souza dos Santos ◽  
Adriano Barbieri ◽  
Robert Guaracy Aparecido Cardoso Araujo ◽  
Gustavo Do Valle Polycarpo ◽  
Daniela Felipe Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Pancreatic Enzyme ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Intestinal Length ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Relative Organ Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objective was to evaluate the performance, relative organ weight, morphometry, intestinal length and pancreatic enzyme activity of broilers receiving neonatal supplementation. A total of 900 Cobb 500 broiler chicks was housed in 30 boxes of 2.5 m². The treatments were divided in a completely randomized design with six replications, and consisted of five inclusion levels (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 grams per bird). The supplement used was based of amino acids, vitamins and minerals, which was provided on the ration on the first day in the housing. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS (2008) and when significant broken down using a polynomial regression. Due to the inclusion of the neonatal supplement in the period from one to seven and one to 21 days of age, the feed intake presented a linear effect and the weight gain, a quadratic effect. The relative weights of the gizzard and liver showed a quadratic effect, and the inclusions of 4.18 and 3.41 grams/bird provided the lowest weights, respectively. The jejunum villi height decreased with supplementation as well as the activity of pancreatic lipase. It can be concluded that neonatal supplementation benefited the performance of birds up to 21 days of age.

scholarly journals Produktivitas Rumput Hamil (Panicum maximum cv Hamil) yang Ditanam Menggunakan Benih Berbeda

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-449
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fanindi ◽  
Endang Sutedi ◽  
Harmini Harmini
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Generative Phase

Reproductive traits determine the selection method in plant breeding. The benggala grass of the Hamil cultivar was thought to be apomictic; thus, a study was conducted to determine its reproduction. The research began by studying the morphological characters, continued with observing the generative phase and seed production of the cultivar planted from seeds (generative) and from pols (vegetative). The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the Research Institute of Animal Production. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with ten replications, and the treatments were different types of plant materials: seeds and pols. The Hamil cultivar taken from RIAP Collection was planted in pots with a diameter of 40 cm and a height of 30 cm. The results showed that most of the morphological characters of the Hamil cultivar planted from seeds and from pols were not different (P >0.05), so it was presumed that they were apomictic. The difference in morphology was only in the length and width of the flag leaves and the length of the internodes, where the cultivars planted using seeds were higher. The production of seeds, pithy seed weight, and seed germination of cultivars planted using seeds were higher (P <0.05). Further research is needed to determine the apomixis properties based on cytologically Hamil cultivars.   Keywords: apomixis, benggala grass, morphology, plnting material; seed

scholarly journals Sorghum cultivars of different purposes silage

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Martins Araujo Pinho ◽  
Edson Mauro Santos ◽  
Juliana Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Higor Fábio Carvalho Bezerra ◽  
Poliane Meire Dias de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Profile Losses ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

This study aimed to assess the fermentation profile, losses and chemical composition of the silages of five sorghum cultivars. A completely randomized design with five replicates was used. The experimental treatments were represented by five sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench): 'BRS Ponta Negra' , 'BRS 610', 'BRS 655', 'BRS 800' and 'BRS 810'. There was variation (P<0.05) for the pH in the cultivars studied, with highest result of pH by 'BRS 610'. The average percentages of lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid, differed (P<0.05) among the cultivars, ranging from 32.9 to 59.5, 19.8 to 39.8, and 0.0 to 1.3g kg-1, respectively. The dry matter recovery varied among cultivars (P<0.05), allowing the identification of BRS Ponta Negra, and 'BRS 810' silages, as those which recovered the lowest dry matter, with values of 757.1 and 776.1g kg-1, respectively. There were differences (P<0.05) for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total carbohydrates contents among the cultivars. It was concluded that, despite the morphological and chemical differences among cultivars, the resulting silages had good fermentation profile.

scholarly journals Silage of the agro-industrial co-product of babassu palm heart processing in sheep feed

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane da Cunha Codognoto ◽  
Marlos Oliveira Porto ◽  
Thassiane Telles Conde ◽  
Jucilene Cavali ◽  
Elvino Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Coffee Husk ◽  
Palm Heart ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Industrial Manufacture ◽  
Babassu Palm ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: The inner bark or less tender sheath generated from industrial manufacture of canned babassu palm (Attalea speciosa) heart is inadequate for human consumption, often being discarded inappropriately and giving rise to environmental pollution. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess the intake and digestibility in sheep fed on silage of the agro-industrial co-product of babassu palm (ICBP)enriched with different additives, or on sugarcane silage. Fifteen Santa Inês sheep were distributed in a completely randomized design, consisting of five treatments and three replicates. The treatments comprised babassu palm silage enriched with broken maize (BM), broken rice (BR), cassava scrapings (CS), coffee husk combined with maize kernel (CC), and sugarcane silage (SC), all supplemented with concentrate, at a voluminous:concentrate ratio of 65:35. Silages based on ICBP and SC had similar intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC). Increasing the additive fraction in ICBP silages favored the digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NFC, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and total digestible nutrients (TDN). Our results indicated that silage based on additive-enriched ICBP can be used in the diet of ruminants, especially those based on broken maize and cassava scrapings that provide superior nutritional quality compared to the other silages assessed.

scholarly journals The Allelopathic Effect of Eucalyptus Leaf Extract on Grass Forage Seed

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.P. Carvalho ◽  
C.A.D. Melo ◽  
M.S. Machado ◽  
D.C.F.S. Dias ◽  
E.M. Alvarenga
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Eucalyptus Leaves ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Germination Vigor ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis

This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effect of various concentrations of an aqueous extract of eucalyptus leaves on Urochloa decumbens and Panicum maximum seeds. The extract was prepared from Eucalyptus urograndis leaves that were milled and mixed with distilled water in a 1:9 milled leaves: water ratio to obtain an extract with a defined concentration of 100%. In addition, dilutions of 50%, 25% and 12.5% were prepared, and a 0% dilution was used as a control. The experiment followed a completely randomized design, with four replicates, each of 50 seeds of U. decumbens and 50 seeds of P. maximum, arranged on filter paper moistened with each concentration of extract in a Gerbox plastic box. The results demonstrated the allelopathic potential of E. urograndis aqueous extracts applied to the seeds of U. decumbens and P. maximum. The 50% and 100% concentrations of leaf extract most strongly inhibited the germination, vigor and seedling growth of U. decumbens and P. maximum. The germination speed index and the root length were the characteristics that were most affected by the potentially allelopathic substances contained in the eucalyptus extracts at all concentrations.

scholarly journals The Potential Use of EDTA as an Alternative to Defibrination in Preparing Blood Agar Plates with Human AB Blood Type on Staphylococcus aureus Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Dora Dayu Rahma Turista ◽  
Eka Puspitasari ◽  
Fanny Kurnanda Razvi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Blood Clotting Factors

Blood Agar Plates (BAP) are composed of blood as one of the compositions. Sheep’s blood is usually used, but since it is difficult to be obtained, human AB blood type was used as an alternative. In preparing BAP, blood is defibrinated to lyse the blood clotting factors. Blood clots can also be prevented by adding anticoagulants, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). This study aims to investigate the potential use of EDTA as a substitute for defibrination in preparing BAP with human AB blood type. This study employed a completely randomized design with true experimental method using Staphylococcus aureus as the sample. The parameters were the number of colonies, types of hemolysis, and hemolysis zone. The results showed that the S. aureus grown on BAP with EDTA-human AB blood type was 64 colonies (mean), produced β-hemolytic pattern, and 6 mm hemolytic zone. In contrast, the S. aureus grown on BAP with defibrinated human AB blood type showed 82 colonies (mean), β-hemolytic pattern, and 5 mm hemolytic zone. There were significant differences in the number of colonies (0.000 < α) and hemolytic zones (0.02 < α). However, there was no difference in the hemolysis type (both treatments produced β-hemolysis). EDTA was possible to be used as a substitute for defibrination in preparing BAP to assess the hemolysis type of S. aureus, but it might not be able to be used as a benchmark for counting the number of colonies and determining the hemolysis zone of S. aureus.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Clomazone Formulations Under Different Applications Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. TROPALDI ◽  
I.P.F.S. BRITO ◽  
R.C. DIAS ◽  
M.L.B. TRINDADE ◽  
C.A. CARBONARI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Sugarcane Straw ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Production Areas

ABSTRACT: Maintenance of straw on the soil surface in sugarcane production areas can influence weed occurrence and herbicide dynamics. After application, considerable losses of clomazone can occur as a result of its physicochemical characteristics. For this reason, novel formulations have been developed. In addition to the conventional formulation, microencapsulated formulations are currently available. Thus, the aim of this study was to observe and compare the effect of clomazone formulations under different application conditions. For this purpose, the experiment was carried with 12 treatments in a completely randomized design, with four replications, using clomazone formulations (1,200 g a.i. ha-1), on soils with different moisture levels, in the presence and absence of sugarcane straw, followed or not by rainfall simulation. The treatments were compared by observation of number of emerged plants and phytotoxicity at 7 and 14 DAA, as well shoot dry matter at 14 DAA for Ipomoea nil, Urochloa decumbens and Panicum maximum. In general, the microencapsulated formulation presented a better performance under the less suitable application conditions when compared to the conventional one. However, for the other conditions, both formulations had a similar performance.

scholarly journals Foliar fertilizer and biostimulant to enhance performance of Urochloa hybrid in two different seasons

2019 ◽  
pp. 1429-1437
Author(s):  
Luara Cristina de Lima ◽  
Leandro Martins Barbero ◽  
Regina Maria Quintão Lana ◽  
Fernanda Carvalho Basso ◽  
Atalita Francis Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Technologies that promote forage production provide gains of income in beef cattle. The objective of this research was to evaluate forage production, morphological components and nutritive value of pasture of Urochloa hybrid Convert HD364, with application of biostimulant, foliar fertilizers and urea. A completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 3 replications was used. The treatments consisted of T1 (control: no fertilization), T2 (urea), T3 (Fertmicro), T4 (FertN), T5 (biostimulant), T6 (Fertmicro+biostimulant), T7 (FertN+biostimulant). The leaf content and accumulation of macro and micronutrients, accumulation of dry mass and rate of forage accumulation, concentrations of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, morphological components were evaluated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using the Tukey test at the 5% significance level for the comparison of mean values. The use of foliar fertilizers, nitrogen fertilizer and biostimulant promoted accumulation of forage dry mass, leaf, stem and dead material and higher rates of accumulation of dry mass of stem and dead material of Urochloa hybrid Convert HD364.

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