SPATIALIZATION OF SOIL CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES IN AN AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM, SEROPÉDICA, BRAZIL

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to spatialize the chemical and physical attributes of the soil in an agroforestry system in Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Thirty-one soil samples were collected from 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-40 cm depths, and each sampling point was georeferenced. The pH (in H2O), potential acidity (H+Al), calcium (Ca+2), magnesium (Mg+2), aluminum (Al+3), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), phosphorus (P), organic carbon (C), cation exchange capacity of the soil (T value), base saturation (V value), total clay, total sand, silt, and density of fine roots were measured. The software ArcGIS 10.2 was used to perform the semivariogram analysis and the fitting of the models, and spatial interpolation was performed using a first-order trend ordinary kriging process with spherical, exponential, and Gaussian spatial models. Based on the results, only the exponential and Gaussian models were fitted to the variables, except for the Mg2+ and V value variables, which presented no spatial dependence, thus showing a pure nugget effect (PNE). Distribution maps were generated for the variables (except for those exhibiting PNE), which showed correlation between the variables pH and Al3+, organic carbon and cations, phosphorus and total clay, and silt and sand. Overall, geostatistics could be applied to spatialize the chemical and physical attributes of the soil in the agroforestry system, except in the case of Mg2+ and the V value.

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Influence of Sampling Point Discretization on the Regional Variability of Soil Organic Carbon in the Red Soil Region, China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10103603 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 3603 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhongqi Zhang ◽

Yiquan Sun ◽

Dongsheng Yu ◽

Peng Mao ◽

Li Xu

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Spatial Interpolation ◽

Red Soil ◽

Soil Sampling ◽

Sampling Point ◽

Regional Variability ◽

Interpolation Methods ◽

Sampling Points

Research on the regional variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) has focused mostly on the influence of the number of soil sampling points and interpolation methods. Little attention has typically been paid to the influence of sampling point discretization. Based on dense soil sampling points in the red soil area of Southern China, we obtained four sample discretization levels by a resampling operation. Then, regional SOC distributions were obtained at four levels by two interpolation methods: ordinary Kriging (OK) and Kriging combined with land use information (LuK). To evaluate the influence of sample discretization on revealing SOC variability, we compared the interpolation accuracies at four discretization levels with uniformly distributed validation points. The results demonstrated that the spatial distribution patterns of SOC were roughly similar, but the contour details in some local areas were different at the various discretization levels. Moreover, the predicted mean absolute errors (MAE) and root mean square errors (RMSE) of the two Kriging methods all rose with an increase in discretization. From the lowest to the largest discretization level, the MAEs of OK and LuK rose from 4.47 and 3.02 g kg−1 to 5.46 and 3.54 g kg−1, and the RMSEs rose from 5.13 and 3.95 g kg−1 to 5.76 and 4.76 g kg−1, respectively. Though the trend of prediction errors varied with discretization levels, the interpolation accuracies of the two Kriging methods were both influenced by the sample discretization level. Furthermore, the spatial interpolation uncertainty of OK was more sensitive to the discretization level than that of the LuK method. Therefore, when the spatial distribution of SOC is predicted using Kriging methods based on the same sample quantity, the more uniformly distributed sampling points are, the more accurate the spatial prediction accuracy of SOC will be, and vice versa. The results of this study can act as a useful reference for evaluating the uncertainty of SOC spatial interpolation and making a soil sampling scheme in the red soil region of China.

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SPATIALIZATION OF FRACTIONS OF ORGANIC MATTER IN SOIL IN AN AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST, BRAZIL

CERNE ◽

10.1590/01047760201723022318 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 249-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Camila Santos da Silva ◽

Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽

Rafael Coll Delgado ◽

Shirlei Almeida Assunção

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Spatial Interpolation ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Acid Fraction ◽

Particulate Carbon ◽

Semivariogram Analysis ◽

Model Adjustment ◽

Humin Fraction

ABSTRACT This study aimed to spatialize fractions of organic matter of soil in an agroforestry system (AFS) located in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. Thirty-one soil samples were collected at depths of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm from georeferenced collection points. We determined total organic carbon (TOC), particulate carbon (COp), carbon associated with clay and silt (COam), carbon content in the fulvic acid fraction (C-FAF), humic acid fraction (C-HAF) and humin fraction (C-HUM). Semivariogram analysis and model adjustment were carried out using ArcGIS 10.2 software. Subsequently, spatial interpolation was performed using Ordinary Kriging. We observed spatial dependence for all variables except for TOC and COp at the 0-10 cm depth, which presented a pure nugget effect. It was possible to observe modifications in the distribution of humic substances in the study area. The results from this study are similar to those of other studies conducted in naive areas in the Atlantic Forest, demonstrating the benefits of using the agroforestry system.

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CORRELATIONS BETWEEN HOT CALCIUM CHLORIDE-EXTRACTED BORON AND CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES OF SOME BRAZILIAN SOILS

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90161999000200006 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 295-300

Author(s):

Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni ◽

Otávio Antonio de Camargo ◽

José Maria Aires Silva Valadares

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Aluminum Oxide ◽

Specific Surface ◽

Surface Area ◽

Specific Surface Area ◽

Clay Content ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

High Positive Correlation ◽

Aluminum Oxides ◽

Physical Attributes

Relationship between soluble boron extracted with a hot CaCl2 0.01 mol L-1 solution and pH; organic carbon; exchangeable cations; cation exchange capacity (CEC); base saturation; total, free and amorphous iron and aluminum oxide contents; clay content; and specific surface area were performed for surface and subsurface samples of five soils. The soils were a Rhodic Hapludox, an Arenic Paleudalf and three Typic Hapludox, all representative soils of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. To quantify the relations between soluble boron and the different soil characteristics, simple linear correlations and multiple regressions, using a stepwise regression program, were performed. Hot-CaCl2 extractable boron (HCB) was significantly correlated with clay content (r = 0.69*), specific surface area (r = 0.68*), CEC (r = 0.63*) and total aluminum oxides (r = 0.70*) in all five soils. In addition, there was a correlation between HCB and organic carbon (r = 0.75*) in the four Oxisols. The correlation coefficient between the product (carbon x clay) and soluble boron contents was also highly significant (r = 0.78**). Multiple regression analysis showed that total aluminum oxide, as well as exchangeable calcium and aluminum, were correlated with HCB, explaining 85% of the variation. The product (carbon x clay) took into account the effect of textural gradient and showed high positive correlation with hot-CaCl2 0.01 mol L-1extractable boron.

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EVALUASI PERUBAHAN KUALITAS TANAH PADA LAHAN BEKAS PENAMBANGAN NIKEL DI PULAU GEBE

Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan ◽

10.29122/jrl.v4i1.1849 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mardi Wibowo

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Cation Exchange ◽

Cation Exchange Capacity ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Mining Activity ◽

Evaluation Activity ◽

Land Quality ◽

Environment Quality

Since year 1977 until 2005, PT. ANTAM has been exploited nickel ore resources at Gebe Island – Center ofHalmahera District – North Maluku Province. Mining activity, beside give economically advantages also causedegradation of environment quality espicially land quality. Therefore, it need evaluation activity for change ofland quality at Gebe Island after mining activity.From chemical rehabilitation aspect, post mining land and rehabilitation land indacate very lack and lackfertility (base saturated 45,87 – 99,6%; cation exchange capacity 9,43 – 12,43%; Organic Carbon 1,12 –2,31%). From availability of nutrirnt element aspect, post mining land and rehabilitation land indicate verylack and lack fertility (nitrogen 0,1 – 1,19%). Base on that data, it can be concluded that land reclamationactivity not yet achieve standart condition of chemical land.Key words : land quality, post mining lan

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Oxygen consumption during mineralization of organic compounds in water samples from a small sub-tropical reservoir (Brazil)

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132003000400027 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 723-729 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marcela Bianchessi da Cunha-Santino ◽

Irineu Bianchini Júnior

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Tannic Acid ◽

Theoretical Calculations ◽

Tropical Reservoir ◽

First Order ◽

First Order Kinetics ◽

Mineralization Processes ◽

Carbon Concentrations

Assays were carried out to evaluate the oxygen consumption resulting from mineralization of different organic compounds: glucose, sucrose, starch, tannic acid, lysine and glycine. The compounds were added to 1 l of water sample from Monjolinho Reservoir. Dissolved oxygen and dissolved organic carbon were monitored during 20 days and the results were fitted to first order kinetics model. During the 20 days of experiments, the oxygen consumption varied from 4.5 mg.l-1 (tannic acid) to 71.5 mg.l-1 (glucose). The highest deoxygenation rate (kD) was observed for mineralization of tannic acid (0.321 day-1) followed by glycine, starch, lysine, sucrose and glucose (0.1004, 0.0504, 0.0486, 0.0251 and 0.0158 day-1, respectively). From theoretical calculations and oxygen and carbon concentrations we obtained the stoichiometry of the mineralization processes. Stoichiometric values varied from 0.17 (tannic acid) to 2.55 (sucrose).

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Effect of termite activity on soil under different land management strategies

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n1p143 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 143

Author(s):

Liane Barreto Alves Pinheiro ◽

Rodrigo Camara ◽

Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽

Eduardo Lima ◽

Maria Elizabeth Fernandes Correia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Clay Content ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Termite Mounds ◽

Eucalyptus Plantation ◽

Exchangeable Acidity ◽

Calcium And Magnesium ◽

Surrounding Soil

Mound-building termites are important agents of soil bioperturbation, but these species have not been extensively studied thus far. The present study aimed to evaluate the soil particle-size and the chemical attributes of termite mounds and the surrounding soil under different land use strategies. A one-hectare plot was defined for an unmanaged degraded pasture, planted pasture, and for a eucalyptus Corymbia citriodora plantation. In each plot, the top, center, and base sections of five Cornitermes cumulans mounds, and the surrounding soil at the depths of 0-5; 5-10; 10-20 cm, were sampled in the Pinheiral, Rio de Janeiro state. In the three areas, the center of the mounds contained higher clay content, organic carbon, phosphorous, calcium and magnesium, total bases, and cation exchangeable capacity, when compared to the top, base, and the surrounding soils. However, the center had lower values of exchangeable acidity and potassium, of the three areas. In the eucalyptus plantation, the values of pH, total bases, calcium, and magnesium were lower, whereas aluminum, exchangeable acidity, sodium, and cation exchange capacity were higher both in the mounds and in the surrounding soil, in relation to the pastures. There were no differences among the three areas in terms of organic carbon, potassium, phosphorous, and total bases, in the mounds and adjacent soil. Thus, the termite activity altered the clay content and most of the soil chemical properties in all of the studied areas, but only for the center of the mounds. However, the effect of these organisms was different in the eucalyptus plantation in relation to the pasture areas.

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Effect of Oxytetracycline and Chlortetracycline on Bacterial Community Growth in Agricultural Soils

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10071011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1011 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Vanesa Santás-Miguel ◽

Manuel Arias-Estévez ◽

Montserrat Díaz-Raviña ◽

María José Fernández-Sanjurjo ◽

Esperanza Álvarez-Rodríguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

Total Organic Carbon ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Soil Parameters ◽

Leucine Incorporation ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Input Variables ◽

Community Growth

Toxicity on soil bacterial community growth caused by the antibiotics oxytetracycline (OTC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) was studied in 22 agricultural soils after 1, 8 and 42 incubation days. The leucine incorporation method was used with this aim, estimating the concentration of each antibiotic which caused an inhibition of 50% in bacterial community growth (log IC50). For OTC, the mean log IC50 was 2.70, 2.81, 2.84 for each of the three incubation times, while the values were 2.05, 2.22 and 2.47 for CTC, meaning that the magnitude of OTC toxicity was similar over time, whereas it decreased significantly for CTC with incubation time. In addition, results showed that the toxicity on bacterial community growth due to CTC is significantly higher than when due to OTC. Moreover, the toxicity on bacterial community growth due to both antibiotics is dependent on soil properties. Specifically, an increase in soil pH and silt content resulted in higher toxicity of both antibiotics, while increases in total organic carbon and clay contents caused decreases in OTC and CTC toxicities. The results also show that OTC toxicity can be well predicted by means of specific equations, using the values of pH measured in KCl and those of effective cation exchange capacity as input variables. CTC toxicity may be predicted (but with low precision) using pH measured in KCl and total organic carbon. These equations may help to predict the negative effects caused by OTC and CTC on soil bacteria using easily measurable soil parameters.

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EMISSÃO DE CO2, ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS E CARBONO ORGÂNICO TOTAL EM DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE PREPARO DO SOLO

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v7i5.6273 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 494

Author(s):

Carla Da Penha Simon ◽

Edney Leandro da Vitória ◽

Elcio Das Graça Lacerda ◽

Yago Soares Avancini ◽

Tatiana Fiorotti Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Total Organic Carbon ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Minimum Tillage ◽

Soil Preparation ◽

Physical Attributes ◽

The Mean ◽

Box Plot

Objetivou-se quantificar o CO2,atributos químicos e físicos do solo são influenciados por diferentes manejos de preparo do solo. O Delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, sendo os tratamentos: Sistema de Plantio Direto (SPD), Cultivo Mínimo e Preparo Convencional (PC), e como referência: área de vegetação nativa (Mata), contando com seis repetições cada variável de estudo. Além da comparação por teste médias, foi realizada uma análise exploratória das leituras nos sistemas de preparo do solo, onde o CO2 foi traduzido graficamente num diagrama o box-plot. As variáveis avaliadas foram: CO2 obtido por meio de um analisador de gás infravermelho; os atributos físicos do solo: Densidade do solo (Ds), Volume Total de Poros (VTP), Macroporosidade (Ma), Microporosidade (Mi), Resistência a Penetração do solo (RPS) e o atributo químico: carbono orgânico total (COT). O fluxo CO2 do solo apresentou diferença significativa entre o SPD e o PC; valores médios encontrados para SPD, CM, Mata e PC foram 2,30; 2,25; 2,18; e 1,39 μmolCO2m−2 s−1, respectivamente; o COT apresentou seu maior valor na área de Mata (32,95 gkg-1) diferindo estatisticamente das demais áreas. Observou-se uma menor emissão de CO2 do solo no PC, pois o sistema apresenta baixo aporte de carbono orgânico.Palavras-chave: sistema de preparo convencional; cultivo mínimo; preparo convencional; carbono orgânico total. CO2 EMISSION, PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES AND TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON IN DIFFERENT SOIL PREPARATION SYSTEMS ABSTRACT: The objective was to quantify the CO2, chemical and physical attributes of the soil are influenced by different management of soil preparation. The experimental design was completely randomized, with the treatments: no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT), and as reference: native forest (NF), with six replicates each study variable. In addition to the mean test comparison, an exploratory analysis of the readings was performed in the soil preparation systems, where CO2 was graphically translated into a box-plot diagram. The variables evaluated were: CO2 obtained by means of a infrared gas analyzer; density (Bd), total pore volume (TPV), macroporosity (Ma), microporosity (Mi), resistance to soil penetration (RSP) and chemical attribute: total organic carbon (TOC). The CO2 soil flux presented a significant difference between NT and CT; where respectively the mean values found for SPD, CM, Mata and PC were 2.30; 2.25; 2.18; and 1.39 μmolCO2m-2s-1; the COT had its highest value in the Mata area (32.95 gkg-1), differing statistically from the other areas. It was observed a lower CO2 emission of the soil in the PC, because the system has low input of organic carbon.Keywords: no-tillage; conventional tillage; minimum tillage; total organic carbon.

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High organic inputs explain shallow and deep SOC storage in a long-term agroforestry system – Combining experimental and modeling approaches

10.5194/bg-2017-125 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rémi Cardinael ◽

Bertrand Guenet ◽

Tiphaine Chevallier ◽

Christian Dupraz ◽

Thomas Cozzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Priming Effect ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Farming System ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Root Senescence ◽

Soc Stocks

Abstract. Agroforestry is an increasingly popular farming system enabling agricultural diversification and providing several ecosystem services. In agroforestry systems, soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are generally increased, but it is difficult to disentangle the different factors responsible for this storage. Organic carbon (OC) inputs to the soil may be larger, but SOC decomposition rates may be modified owing to microclimate, physical protection, or priming effect from roots, especially at depth. We used an 18-year-old silvoarable system associating hybrid walnut trees (Juglans regia × nigra) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum), and an adjacent agricultural control plot to quantify all OC inputs to the soil – leaf litter, tree fine root senescence, crop residues, and tree row herbaceous vegetation –, and measure SOC stocks down 2 m depth at varying distances from the trees. We then proposed a model that simulates SOC dynamics in agroforestry accounting for both the whole soil profile and the lateral spatial heterogeneity. OC inputs to soil were increased by about 40 % (&plus;1.11 t C ha−1 yr−1) down to 2 m depth in the agroforestry plot compared to the control, resulting in an additional SOC stock of 6.3 t C ha−1 down to 1 m depth. The model described properly the measured SOC stocks and distribution with depth. It showed that the increased inputs of fresh biomass to soil explained the observed additional SOC storage in the agroforestry plot. Moreover, modeling revealed a strong priming effect that would reduce the potential SOC storage due to higher organic inputs in the agroforestry system by 75 to 90 %. This result questions the potential of soils to store large amounts of carbon, especially at depth. Deep-rooted trees modify OC inputs to soil, a process that deserves further studies given its potential effects on SOC dynamics.

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Spatial variability of fertility status in soils of Dima Hasao district of Assam

ANNALS OF PLANT AND SOIL RESEARCH ◽

10.47815/apsr.2021.10086 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 368-374

Author(s):

A. BASUMATARY ◽

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Cation Exchange ◽

Cation Exchange Capacity ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Critical Limit ◽

Available Nitrogen ◽

Cu Content ◽

Fertility Status ◽

High Organic Carbon Content

Two hundred fifty geo-referenced surfaces (0-15 cm) soil samples were collected and analysed for macronutrients and micronutrients to study fertility status in soils of Dima Hasao district of Assam and their relationship with some important soil properties. Soils of the district were found to be extremely acidic to slightly acidic in reaction with a low to high organic carbon content and low in cation exchange capacity. The soil of the district indicated that the available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium status was observed to the tune of 14.0 %,7.2% and 67.2% under low and 86.0 %, 92.8 % and 32.8 %under medium categories, respectively. The overall percent deficient of exchangeable calcium, magnesium and available sulphur in soils was 25.6, 30.4 and 6.8 %, respectively. Based on critical limit, all soils were adequately supplied with DTPA-extractable Fe, Mn and Cu content. In respect of zinc and boron, soils exhibited 90.4 and 73 per cent under sufficient, while, 2.4 and 12 per cent were found deficient in DTPA -Zn and HWS-B, respectively. Soil pH and EC showed positive correlation with macro nutrients and negative correlation with micronutrients. The macro- and micronutrient showed significant positive relation with soil organic carbon and cation exchange capacity.

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