Optimal hydrated lime concentration in asphalt binder to improve photo degradation resistance

Permanent deformation and moisture damage (i.e., rutting and stripping) are two predominant hot-mix asphalt (HMA) distresses. Rutting can be caused by many factors, including stripping, which result in reduced HMA shear strength. Hot-mix asphalt stripping evaluation is a source of significant industry discussion and debate. Transportation agencies use a number of methods to evaluate stripping, with many methods customized depending on local concerns and environmental conditions. Today, many agencies use some type of loaded-wheel testing, with associated mix “pass–fail” criteria, as part of the mix design acceptance procedure. This process is often referred to as “proof” testing and provides a higher confidence that the HMA mix will perform satisfactorily during service conditions. A new device, the rotary wheel tester, has been developed to evaluate the rutting and stripping performance of HMA mixes. This device operates on a principle similar to that of the Hamburg wheel tester: the main difference is that the specimen is loaded along its diameter instead of from the top. The cost of the rotary wheel tester is less than half that of the Hamburg wheel tester. Testing was conducted to determine whether the rotary wheel tester could distinguish between good- and poor-performing mixes and to determine whether PG 76-22 or PG 67-22 plus hydrated lime improved mix performance. Results indicate that the rotary wheel tester is an easy-to-use testing device that appears to provide reasonable prediction of the rutting and stripping performance of HMA mixes. It also appears that PG 76-22 asphalt binder improves mix performance to a greater extent than does PG 67-22 plus hydrated lime.

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Study on water stability of asphalt binder with medium weathered igneous rock

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202129302055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 293 ◽

pp. 02055

Author(s):

Changgui Li ◽

Yuanhong Tao ◽

Jingliang Xia

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Igneous Rock ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Hydrated Lime ◽

Splitting Tensile Strength ◽

Water Stability ◽

Freeze Thaw ◽

Residual Stability ◽

Technical Measures ◽

Poor Adhesion

Aiming at the problems of weak acidity of medium weathered igneous rock around Nairobi, Kenya, poor adhesion with asphalt and poor water stability of asphalt binder, the article studied the use of anti-stripping agent, cement, hydrated Lime and other technical measures to improve the water stability of asphalt binder with medium weathered igneous rock. The results showed that the 48h Marshall residual stability of the benchmark asphalt binder without any measures was 78.5%, which did not meet the standard requirements. The Marshall residual stability of medium weathered igneous rock can be significantly improved by adding anti stripping agent, cement and hydrated Lime. After freeze-thaw cycles, the splitting tensile strength of the asphalt binder with medium weathered igneous rock decreased obviously, and the TSR values of the asphalt binder with anti-spalling measures from small to large were K-4, K-3, K-2, K-6 and K-5. The water stability of the medium weathered igneous rock asphalt binder mixed with anti-stripping agent alone had relatively poor durability, and the medium weathered igneous rock asphalt binder mixed with cement and anti-stripping agent had the strongest ability to resist deformation when immersed in water.

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Experimental Assessment of Mineral Filler on the Volumetric Properties and Mechanical Performance of HMA Mixtures

Civil Engineering Journal ◽

10.28991/cej-2020-03091619 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 2312-2331

Author(s):

Hanaa Khaleel Alwan Al-Bayati ◽

Abimbola Grace Oyeyi ◽

Susan L. Tighe

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Performance ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Field Performance ◽

Hydrated Lime ◽

Volumetric Properties ◽

Mineral Filler ◽

Freezing And Thawing ◽

Binder Ratio ◽

Asphalt Content ◽

Mineral Aggregates

This research is conducted to evaluate the influence of mineral filler on the volumetric properties, mechanical and field performance of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). Two mineral filler types, namely, Hydrated Lime (HL) and Dust Plant (DPt) were used. Three filler proportions were utilized greater than 1% which represents the most applicable percentage, especially for HL, used by the Ministry of Transportation Ontario (MTO). The effect of filler on various volumetric properties including Voids In Mineral Aggregates (VMA), Voids Filled With Asphalt (VFA), dust to binder ratio (Dp) is examined. Mechanical and predicted field performance of HMA to the best filler proportion that meets all the MTO limitations is also investigated. The obtained results indicated that the Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC), VMA, and VFA decrease as the filler content is increased. HMA mixtures that includes DPt filler had the higher values of VMA, VFA, and OAC compared to the hydrated lime. The addition of filler with 2.5% percentage is very successful for both filler types due to satisfying all MTO requirements for volumetric properties of HMA. Based on MTO specifications, the addition of 2.0% filler seems to be unsuccessful for both filler types due to lowering the Dp ratio. Mix design with 3.0% filler was also unsuccessful because of the lower value of OAC meaning that the mix is dry and there is insufficient asphalt binder to coat the aggregate particles. Besides, filler type has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the HMA mixtures. As a filler in HMA mixtures, the utilization of HL as a portion of 2.5 % leads to a significant improvement in mixture resistance to water and freezing and thawing. The mixtures that included HL have a higher cracking resistance, greater stiffness, and a higher fracture stress than the mixtures that included DPt. Furthermore, predicted field performance indicated better outcomes for mixes with HL compared to DPt mixes. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091619 Full Text: PDF

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Effect of Hydrated Lime on Moisture Susceptibility of Asphalt Mixtures

Journal of Engineering ◽

10.31026/j.eng.2019.03.08 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 89-101

Author(s):

Mohammed Qadir Ismael ◽

Ahmed Hussein Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Maximum Size ◽

Hydrated Lime ◽

Asphalt Mixtures ◽

Strength Ratio ◽

Moisture Susceptibility ◽

Damage Resistance ◽

Limestone Dust ◽

Two Parameters

Moisture induced damage can cause a progressive deterioration in the performance of asphalt pavement by the loss of adhesion between asphalt binder and aggregate surface and/or loss of cohesion within the binder in the presence of water. The objective of this paper is to improve the asphalt mixtures resistance to moisture by using hydrated lime as an anti-stripping additive. For this purpose, two types of asphalt binder were utilized; asphalt grades (40-50) and (60-70) with one type of aggregate of 19.0 mm aggregate nominal maximum size, and limestone dust as a mineral filler. Marshall method was adopted to find the optimum asphalt content. Essentially, two parameters were determined to evaluate the moisture susceptibility, namely: The Index of Retained Strength and the Tensile Strength Ratio. The hydrated lime was added by 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 percentages (by weight of aggregate) using the saturated surface dry method. It was concluded that using hydrated lime will improve the moisture damage resistance. This was adopted as the value of tensile strength ratio increased by 24.50 % and 29.16% for AC (40-50) and AC (60-70) respectively, furthermore, the index of retained strength also increased by 14.28 % and 17.50 % for both asphalt grades. The optimum hydrated lime content founded to be 1.5 %.

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Effect of Various Metal Hydroxide Flame Retardants on the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder

Materials Science ◽

10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.21572 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 348-355

Author(s):

Lingzhu GU ◽

Tianhang ZHANG ◽

Kai ZHU ◽

Daquan TANG ◽

Ke WU

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Thermal Cracking ◽

Hydrated Lime ◽

Metal Hydroxide ◽

Rutting Resistance ◽

Tunnel Fire ◽

Aging Resistance ◽

Modified Binder

Metal hydroxide has been widely used as flame retardant to reduce the hazards of tunnel fire, however, few researches investigate its effect on the rheological properties of asphalt binder systemically. This study explores and compares the effect and mechanisms of magnesium hydroxide (MH), aluminium hydroxide (ATH), hydrated lime (HL), and layer double hydroxides (LDHs) on the rutting resistance, anti-aging resistance, as well as the thermal cracking resistance of asphalt binder. Rotational viscosity (RV) test, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test, and bending beam rheometer (BBR) test are involved in the project. Test results indicate: (1) the addition of metal hydroxide generally improves the rutting resistance of asphalt binder during high temperatures due to the typical filler effect, while weakens the resistance to thermal cracking of binder at low temperatures because of the stress concentration; (2) HL and LDHs enhance the anti-aging resistance of asphalt binder; (3) LDHs modified binder, which is proved with better rheological properties, including great rutting resistance, anti-aging resistance and passable resistance to thermal cracking, is recommended for further use. However, the high procurement price is still a big obstacle for its wider application. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.21572

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Using Modified Creep and Recovery Tests to Evaluate the Foam-Based Warm Mix Asphalt Contained Nano Hydrated Lime

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.646.90 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 646 ◽

pp. 90-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Aboelkasim Diab ◽

Zhan Ping You ◽

Hai Nian Wang

Keyword(s):

Permanent Deformation ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Hydrated Lime ◽

Warm Mix Asphalt ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Normal Dose ◽

Creep And Recovery ◽

Stress Levels ◽

Recoverable Compliance

Two Nano Hydrated Lime (NHL) materials with particle sizes of 50 nm and 100 nm were used in this study to investigate to the effect of NHL modification on the creep and recovery of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) binders foamed using Advera® with respective to rutting. The NHL was added to the asphalt binder at ratios of 20%, 10%, and 5% by weight of the asphalt binder. The creep and recovery tests were performed at three different stress levels, 3Pa (creep for 100 sec. and 600 sec. recovery), 10Pa (creep for 20 sec. and 600 sec. recovery), and 50Pa (creep for 1 sec and 300 sec. recovery). The tests were performed at a temperature of 58oC. The results were also compared with the Regular Hydrated Lime (RHL) results. The overall results reveal that the neat asphalt binders foamed using advera® showed larger permanent deformation (rutting) potential compared to the binder modified with RHL and NHL foamed using Advera®. As the NHL dose increases, the non-recoverable compliance decreases (rutting decreases). It was also concluded that the application of the RHL with the normal dose (20% by weight of binder) can be replaced by adding 5% (by weight of binder) of 50 nm NHL with respective to rutting.

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Investigating the Effect of Various Fillers on Cohesive Failure Mechanism in Asphalt Mixtures

Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering ◽

10.3311/ppci.14505 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gholam Hossein Hamedi ◽

Mohsen Sohrabi ◽

Farhad Sakanlou ◽

Seyed Amid Tahami

Keyword(s):

Free Energy ◽

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Hydrated Lime ◽

Asphalt Mixtures ◽

Energy Calculation ◽

Cohesive Failure ◽

Basic Characteristics

In the current research attempts have been made to investigate the effect of various fillers on the resistance to mastic failure using mechanical and thermodynamic methods. Two types of granite and limestone aggregates with acidic and basic characteristics were used, respectively. Besides, four types of filler including calcium carbonate, hydrated lime, Portland cement and stone powder and two types asphalt binder PEN 60-70 and PEN 85-100 were used. Calcium carbonate and hydrated lime had the most effect and Portland cement and stone powder had the least effect on strength reduction. In addition, the results obtained by modified Lottman test showed that the use of hydrated lime and calcium carbonate increased resistance to moisture damage. The results of correlation coefficients show the necessity of using the effect of filler on cohesion free energy calculation in the surface free energy to investigate cohesion failure in different asphalt mixtures.

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Assessing the Moisture and Aging Susceptibility of Cold Mix Asphalt Concrete

Journal of Engineering ◽

10.31026/j.eng.2021.02.05 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 59-72

Author(s):

Zahraa Ahmed Samor ◽

Saad Issa Sarsam

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Asphalt Concrete ◽

Ordinary Portland Cement ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Hydrated Lime ◽

Technical Requirements ◽

Concrete Mixtures ◽

Age Related

Laboratory experience in Iraq with cold asphalt concrete mixtures is very limited. The design and use of cold mixed asphalt concrete had no technical requirements. In this study, two asphalt concrete mixtures used for the base course were prepared in the laboratory using conventional cold-mixing techniques to test cold asphalt mixture (CAM) against aging and moisture susceptibility. Cold asphalt mixtures specimens have been prepared in the lab with cutback and emulsion binders, different fillers, and curing times. Based on the Marshal test result, the cutback proportion was selected with the filler, also based on the Marshal test emulsion. The first mixture was medium setting cationic emulsion (MSCE) as a binder, hydrated lime, and ordinary portland cement as a filler (7.95% MSCE + 2%HL + 3% OPC). The second mixture used was medium curing cutback (MC-250) as a binder and ordinary portland cement as a filler (5.18% MC 250 + 5% OPC). The indirect tensile strength (ITS) of the samples was measured at 25 ° C. It was found that the cold mix with the MSCE binder had a high ITS value relative to the cold mix with the cutback asphalt binder (MC-250). The dry mixture of MSCE ITS was approximately 3.77 times the dry mixture of MC-250. The MSCE wet mix was about 4.2 times the wet MC-250 mix. Tensile strength ratio result (TSR %) for the MSCE binder mix and the cutback MC-250 binder mix showed that the MSCE mix has a reasonable moisture resistance (77% ) compared to the MC-250 mix (69.2 %). The aging test and aging ratio result showed that asphalt binder oxidation has a significant effect on age-related pavement degradation as it changes the time-temperature relationship depending on the viscoelastic properties of the asphalt binder. The result clearly showed that the MSCE binder mix had a high resistance to aging (440 Kpa) compared to the cutback (MC-250) binder mix (110 Kpa). In contrast, the MSCE aging ratio (90 %) was higher than the MC-250 ratio (85 %).

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Characterization of Asphalt Binders Modified with Hydrated Lime and Limestone Dust

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.469 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 675-677 ◽

pp. 469-472 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Li Xing Ma ◽

Zhi Da Li ◽

Jun Feng Huang

Keyword(s):

Softening Point ◽

Dynamic Testing ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Viscoelastic Behavior ◽

Hydrated Lime ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Limestone Dust ◽

Temperature Susceptibility

The mixture of asphalt and filler called asphalt binder is an adhesive and packing material in asphalt mixture. In this paper, the influence of different filler sorts such as limestone dust and hydrated lime, and different rates of limestone dust and hydrated lime such as 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 at the same mass ratio of filler/asphalt (1.0) on the asphalt binder’s properties has been studied. The paper gives a description of the most commonly used conventional tests, such as Penetration and Softening Point, and a more detailed description of the viscoelastic behavior and dynamic testing of bitumen by way of Brookfield viscometer and Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). The contrasts among different test results were presented. It is found that there are a decrease in penetration and an increase in softening point with increasing hydrated lime content. The viscosity also increases obviously with the mass of hydrated lime increases. The DSR results show that hydrated lime can increase asphalt binders' anti-shear stress and G*/sinδ, and are helpful to its properties at high temperature. The four tests results were also incorporated to evaluate the temperature susceptibility and the rheological characteristics of asphalt binders.

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Multi-scale characterization of hydrated lime mastics

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1139/cjce-2017-0155 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (12) ◽

pp. 985-993 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aboelkasim Diab ◽

Zhanping You ◽

Xu Yang ◽

Amr M. Wahaballa

Keyword(s):

Large Strain ◽

Permanent Deformation ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Relative Viscosity ◽

Nonlinear Behavior ◽

Fatigue Cracking ◽

Hydrated Lime ◽

Creep Recovery ◽

Shear Moduli

This study is devoted to characterize the behavior of the hydrated lime-asphalt binder mastic (HLM) using the viscosity characteristics (relative viscosity versus shear rate profile) and viscoelastic properties. In addition, the multiple stress creep recovery, linear amplitude sweep, and asphalt binder cracking device tests were also performed, for the sake of characterization of permanent deformation, fatigue cracking, and low temperature cracking, respectively. The large amplitude oscillatory shear test was utilized to characterize the nonlinear behavior of HLMs using Lissajous-Bowditch plots and associated local viscoelastic measures (minimum and large strain complex shear moduli). Overall, the HLM is able to improve the stiffness-related properties of pavement; on the other hand, this mastic can help resist load and non-load associated cracking. In addition, the nonlinear behavior revealed higher stress response of the HLMs compared to base binder even after increased number of cycles which could be an indicator of the ability to sustain high stresses and strains.

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