scholarly journals Assessment of watermelon accessions for salt tolerance using stress tolerance indices

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 616-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ercan Ekbic ◽  
Cagri Cagıran ◽  
Kursat Korkmaz ◽  
Malik Arsal Kose ◽  
Veysel Aras
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Tolerance Indices

ABSTRACT Salt stress is the most significant constraint for agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions. Thus, genetically improved stress-tolerant varieties are needed for the future. The identification of salt-tolerant genotypes is the starting point for such breeding studies. This study was conducted to determine and assess the tolerance of different watermelon genotypes under saline conditions. Twenty-two watermelon genotypes and accessions were grown in pots with 3 kg of soil in four saline stress conditions (0 mmol kg-1 as the control, 25, 50 and 100 mmol kg-1 NaCl). The detrimental effects of salt stress on the plants were evident with increasing doses of NaCl. Stress indices calculated over the plant dry weights under the 100 mmol kg-1 salinity level were used to assess the salt tolerance of the genotypes. Stress intensity was calculated as 0.76. Such a value indicated that the highest dose of salt exerted severe stress on the plants. The G04, G14 and G21 genotypes were considered to be salt tolerant, since these genotypes showed the highest values of K/Na and Ca/Na ratios in the plant tissue. The losses in dry mass at severe salt stress reached 75.48%. In principal component analyses, the genotypes had positive correlations with stress tolerance indices of MP (mean productivity), GMP (geometric mean productivity) and STI (stress tolerance index). The GMP and STI indices indicated that G04 (a member of Citrullus colocynthis), G14 and G21 could be prominent sources to develop salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Drought Resistance Indices for Screening of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1118
Author(s):  
Zerihun Kebede Beyene ◽  
Firew Mekbib ◽  
Tesfaye Abebe ◽  
Asrat Asfaw
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Drought Tolerant

In breeding for drought tolerance, availability of precise, cheap and easy to apply selection tool is critical. The aim of the present study was to identify potential screening tools that are useful for selection of drought tolerant genotypes in potato and select drought resistant potato genotypes. The study assessed sixty clones arranged in a 10×6 alpha lattice design with two replicates in a managed stress experiment. Two irrigation treatments were applied: fully watered non-stress and terminal drought, where the irrigation water supply to the crop was withheld after 50 % flowering to induce post-flowering stress. Stress indices were calculated based on tuber yield of genotypes in both stressed and non-stressed conditions. Identification of drought tolerant genotypes based on a single index was less informative as different indices identified different genotypes as drought tolerant. Hence, to determine the most desirable drought tolerant clones rank sum of indices, correlation, and bi-plot display of the principal component analysis was employed. The indices modified stress tolerance index based on non-stressed yield, Men productivity, Geometric mean productivity, Stress tolerance index, Harmonic mean, modified stress tolerance index based on stressed yield and Yield index exhibited strong association with both yield under stressed and non-stressed yield. These indices discriminated drought tolerant genotypes with higher tuber yielding potential both under stress and non-stress conditions. Genotypes CIP-398180.612, CIP-397069.5, and CIP-304371.67 were identified as drought tolerant. These genotypes could be potentially grown both under drought prone and potential environments and these selection attributes could help to develop climate resilient potato varieties.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN NEW COTTON CULTIVARS USING STRESS TOLERANCE INDICES

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minka KOLEVA ◽  
Valentina DIMITROVA
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Stress Environment ◽  
Stress Susceptibility ◽  
Tolerance Indices

Drought is a wide-spread problem seriously influencing production and quality ofcotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), but development of resistant cultivars is hamperedby the lack of effective selection criteria. The objective of this study was toevaluate the ability of several selection indices to identify drought tolerant cultivarsunder different environmental conditions. Thirteen cotton cultivars were evaluatedunder both moisture stress (2016) and non-stress (2013) field environments using arandomized complete block design for each environment. Six drought toleranceindices including stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress tolerance index (STI),tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity(GMP) and mean harmonic productivity (HMP) were used. The significant andpositive correlation of yield of genotype under non-stress condition (Yp) and MP,GMP and STI showed that these indices were more effective in identifying highyielding cultivars under different moisture conditions. The results of calculatedgain from indirect selection in moisture stress environment would improve yieldbetter than selection from non moisture stress environment. Coton breeders should,therefore, take into account the stress severity of the environment in choosing anindex. The varieties Viki and Avangard-264 had the highest yields under non-stressconditions. Vega and Chirpan-539 varieties had a low yield potential and showed ahigh stress tolerance to drought.

scholarly journals Characterization of Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.) for Detecting Salt Tolerance Based on Morpho-Physiological Characteristics, Ion Accumulation and Genetic Variability at Early Vegetative Stage

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2549
Author(s):  
Md Al Samsul Huqe ◽  
Md Sabibul Haque ◽  
Ashaduzzaman Sagar ◽  
Md Nesar Uddin ◽  
Md Alamgir Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ion Accumulation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Increasing soil salinity due to global warming severely restricts crop growth and yield. To select and recommend salt-tolerant cultivars, extensive genotypic screening and examination of plants’ morpho-physiological responses to salt stress are required. In this study, 18 prescreened maize hybrid cultivars were examined at the early growth stage under a hydroponic system using multivariate analysis to demonstrate the genotypic and phenotypic variations of the selected cultivars under salt stress. The seedlings of all maize cultivars were evaluated with two salt levels: control (without NaCl) and salt stress (12 dS m−1 simulated with NaCl) for 28 d. A total of 18 morpho-physiological and ion accumulation traits were dissected using multivariate analysis, and salt tolerance index (STI) values of the examined traits were evaluated for grouping of cultivars into salt-tolerant and -sensitive groups. Salt stress significantly declined all measured traits except root–shoot ratio (RSR), while the cultivars responded differently. The cultivars were grouped into three clusters and the cultivars in Cluster-1 such as Prabhat, UniGreen NK41, Bisco 51, UniGreen UB100, Bharati 981 and Star Beej 7Star exhibited salt tolerance to a greater extent, accounting for higher STI in comparison to other cultivars grouped in Cluster-2 and Cluster-3. The high heritability (h2bs, >60%) and genetic advance (GAM, >20%) were recorded in 13 measured traits, indicating considerable genetic variations present in these traits. Therefore, using multivariate analysis based on the measured traits, six hybrid maize cultivars were selected as salt-tolerant and some traits such as Total Fresh Weight (TFW), Total Dry Weight (TDW), Total Na+, Total K+ contents and K+–Na+ Ratio could be effectively used for the selection criteria evaluating salt-tolerant maize genotypes at the early seedling stage.

scholarly journals Temporal salt stress-induced transcriptome alterations and regulatory mechanisms revealed by PacBio long-reads RNA sequencing in Gossypium hirsutum

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delong Wang ◽  
Xuke Lu ◽  
Xiugui Chen ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Junjuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Long Reads

Abstract Background Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is considered a fairly salt tolerant crop however, salinity can still cause significant economic losses by affecting the yield and deteriorating the fiber quality. We studied a salt-tolerant upland cotton cultivar under temporal salt stress to unfold the salt tolerance molecular mechanisms. Biochemical response to salt stress (400 mM) was measured at 0 h, 3 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h post stress intervals and single-molecule long-read sequencing technology from Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) combined with the unique molecular identifiers approach was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG). Results Antioxidant enzymes including, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) were found significantly induced under temporal salt stress, suggesting that reactive oxygen species scavenging antioxidant machinery is an essential component of salt tolerance mechanism in cotton. We identified a wealth of novel transcripts based on the PacBio long reads sequencing approach. Prolonged salt stress duration induces high number of DEGs. Significant numbers of DEGs were found under key terms related to stress pathways such as “response to oxidative stress”, “response to salt stress”, “response to water deprivation”, “cation transport”, “metal ion transport”, “superoxide dismutase”, and “reductase”. Key DEGs related to hormone (abscisic acid, ethylene and jasmonic acid) biosynthesis, ion homeostasis (CBL-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase genes, calcium-binding proteins, potassium transporter genes, potassium channel genes, sodium/hydrogen exchanger or antiporter genes), antioxidant activity (POD, SOD, CAT, glutathione reductase), transcription factors (myeloblastosis, WRKY, Apetala 2) and cell wall modification were found highly active in response to salt stress in cotton. Expression fold change of these DEGs showed both positive and negative responses, highlighting the complex nature of salt stress tolerance mechanisms in cotton. Conclusion Collectively, this study provides a good insight into the regulatory mechanism under salt stress in cotton and lays the foundation for further improvement of salt stress tolerance.

Stress tolerance indices for the identification of low phosphorus tolerant introgression lines derived from Oryza rufipogon Griff.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Basavaraj P. S. ◽  
Gireesh C. ◽  
Muralidhara Bharamappanavara ◽  
Manoj C. A. ◽  
Ishwarya Lakshmi V. G. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Oryza Rufipogon ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Tolerance Indices

Abstract Soil phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the major challenges for the cultivation of rice worldwide because it limits the growth and productivity of the crop. Therefore, the ability to grow in P-deficit soils is an important trait for rice cultivation. O . rufipogon Griff., a wild relative of rice, is a source of genetic variation for low phosphorus tolerance. The present study was undertaken to identify low P stress-tolerant introgression lines by analysing stress tolerance indices of 40 introgression lines of O. rufipogon. The populations were screened under low soil P and normal soil P plots for two growing seasons. Based on yield under stress and normal conditions, we computed different stress indices, including stress tolerance index (STI), tolerance index, yield reduction ratio (YR), stress susceptibility index, yield stability index (YSI), yield index, per cent yield reduction and geometric mean productivity (GMP). The studies of correlation analysis, principal component analysis and clustering revealed that STI, YSI and GMP were ideal indices for the selection of genotypes that performed well under both stress and normal conditions. Based on these indices, introgression lines (IL-24, IL-29 and IL-32) were identified as promising low P tolerant lines, which exhibited better grain yield under both stress (YS) and normal (YP) conditions. These pre-breeding lines serve as valuable genetic resources for low P tolerance in rice breeding programmes across the world.

scholarly journals Salt tolerance assessment of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes at germination stage by tolerance indices

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Askari ◽  
Seiyed Kamal Kazemitabar ◽  
Hamid Najafi Zarrini ◽  
Mohammd Hossein Saberi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Stress Susceptibility ◽  
Tolerance Indices ◽  
Barley Genotypes ◽  
Germination Stage

AbstractThis study was performed to assess several indices for identifying genotypes at germination stage with the best performance in salinity conditions. In order to evaluate the seed germination of barley genotypes in different levels of salt conditions, an experiment was conducted as factorial arrangement with a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The effect of salinity treatments was studied through an analysis of the germination, yielding results that show significant differences among genotypes. Stress tolerance index, stress tolerance, stress susceptibility index, germination reduction ratio, mean productivity and geometric mean productivity were used. The majority of used indices indicated that ESBYTM8910, 4 Shori and MBS8715 were the best barley genotypes showing the highest stress resistance for the greatest NaCl concentration. This result was similar to those obtained from the analysis of variance and statistical comparison of means of genotypes germination percentages. There were positive and strong correlations of germination percentage in normal and stress condition with STI in high levels of salinity. Thus, this correlation seems to be a useful indicator of tolerant genotypes at this stage.

scholarly journals Genome-wide association analysis of cotton salt stress response-related sites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeliang Zhang ◽  
Juyun Zheng ◽  
Zhaolong Gong ◽  
Yajun Liang ◽  
Zhiwei Sang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Salt Tolerance Index

Soil salinization is the main abiotic stress factor affecting agricultural production worldwide, and salt stress has a significant impact on plant growth and development. Cotton is one of the most salt-tolerant crops. Its salt tolerance varies greatly depending on the variety, growth stage, organs, and soil salt types. Therefore, the selection and utilization of excellent salt-tolerant germplasm resources and the excavation of excellent salt-tolerant salt and salt resistance genes play important roles in improving cotton production in saline-alkali soils. In this study, we analysed the population structure and genetic diversity of 144 elite Gossypium hirsutum cultivar accessions collected from around the world, and especially from China. Illumina Cotton SNP 70K was used to obtain genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for 149 experimental materials, and 18,432 highly consistent SNP loci were obtained by filtering. PCA (principal component analysis)indicated that 149 upland cotton materials could be divided into 2 subgroups, including subgroup 1 with 78 materials and subgroup 2 with 71 materials. Using the obtained SNP and other marker genotype test results, under salt stress, the salt tolerance traits 3d_Germination_potential, 3d_Bud_length_drop_rate, 7d_Germination_rate, 7d_Bud_length_drop_rate, 7d_Germination_weight, 3d_Bud_length, 7d_Bud_length, relative_germination_potential, Relative_germination_rate, 7d_Bud_weight_drop_rate, Salt tolerance index 3d_Germination_potential_index, 3d_Bud_length_index, 7d_Bud_length_index, 7d_Bud_weight_index, and 7d_Germination_rate_index were evaluated by genome association analysis. A total of 27 SNP markers closely related to salt tolerance traits and 15 SNP markers closely related to salt tolerance index were detected. At the SNP locus associated with the traits of the bud length decline rate at 7 days, alleles Gh_A01G0034 and Gh_D01G0028 related to plant salt tolerance were detected, and they are related to intracellular transport, membrane microtubule formation and actin network. This study provides a theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of salt-tolerant upland cotton varieties.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Hexaploid Wheat Collection (Triticum aestivum L.) under Drought Stress Conditions Using Stress Tolerance Indices

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Alireza Daneshvar Hosseini ◽  
Ali Dadkhodaie ◽  
Bahram Heidari ◽  
Seyed Abdolreza Kazemeini
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Drought Tolerance Indices ◽  
Tolerance Indices

Wheat is the most important crop in the world which faces the global problem of drought. Its production is affected by water deficit after pollination in arid and semi-arid regions. An experiment was conducted to assess tolerance of 39 bread wheat genotypes to end-season drought. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block in three replications and the drought tolerance indices (SSI, STI, TOL, MP and GMP) were calculated for grain yield. The cultivar Cambin produced the highest grain yield under normal irrigation by 369.19 g m-2 while Arina had the highest yield (223.35 g m-2) under drought stress conditions. Stress tolerance (TOL) introduced Hindukesh, Iran2355 and Iran6476 as drought tolerant genotypes. Also, results showed that grain yield under stress and non-stress environments were highly correlated with the mean productivity (MP), the geometric mean productivity (GMP) and tolerance index (TOL). These genotypes could be further used in crosses for genetic studies and breeding programs for improvement tolerance to drought.

scholarly journals Water deficit stress tolerance assessment in barley cultivars using drought tolerance indices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Habib ◽  
Md Mannan ◽  
Md Karim ◽  
Md Miah ◽  
Hari Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Drought Tolerance Indices ◽  
Tolerance Indices

Abstract Crop productivity is greatly affected by drought stress. Understanding the drought tolerance capability of the crop varieties available in a country is the foremost consideration for drought adaptation. The objective of this research work was to examine the drought tolerance potentiality of 5 cultivated barley varieties (BARI Barley5, BARI Barley6, BARI Barley7, BARI Barley8 and BARI Barley9) through calculating drought tolerance indices. A completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was followed in the experiment, where crops were grown under control (80% of FC) and water deficit environment (50% of FC). Stress Tolerance (TOL), Mean Productivity (MP), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI), Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Harmonic Mean (HAM), Yield Index (YI) and Yield Stability Index (YSI) were calculated based on grain yield under control and drought conditions. BARI Barley7 and BARI Barley8 were the most tolerant variety and BARI Barley9 considered as susceptible based on TOL and SSI. Drought tolerance indices like MP, HAM, GMP, TOL as well as STI were showed a high correlation with grain yield under both conditions and were recognized as appropriate indices to identify varieties with high grain yield and low sensitivity to drought stress.

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