scholarly journals IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON THE IMMUNE, NEUROMUSCULAR, AND MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Maria D’Andréa Greve ◽  
Guilherme Carlos Brech ◽  
Marília Quintana ◽  
André Luiz de Seixas Soares ◽  
Angelica Castilho Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Musculoskeletal Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reflexive Analysis ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle Strength

ABSTRACT The new coronavirus, which causes the infectious disease named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO), was notified in 2020 in China. The main clinical manifestations in infected patients are fever, cough and dyspnoea. These patients are prone to developing cardiac changes, diffuse myopathy, decreased pulmonary function, decreased inspiratory muscle strength, and a deterioration in functional capacity. Thus, it is expected that patients affected by COVID-19 will suffer musculoskeletal consequences as a result of the inflammatory process and loss of muscle mass caused by immobility, generating motor incapacities that are not yet quantifiable. It is important to understand the clinical implications caused by COVID-19, in order to have better rehabilitation strategies for these patients. The aim of this study was to conduct a reflective analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on the immune, neuromuscular and musculoskeletal systems, and its rehabilitation process. This is a reflexive analysis, developed in the Laboratory for the Study of Movement of the Institute of Orthopaedics’ and Traumatology, at the Universidade de São Paulo School of Medicine, SP, Brazil. In this analysis, we reflect on the following topics related to COVID-19: immunological mechanisms, impact on the neuromuscular and musculoskeletal systems, and the rehabilitation of patients. Level of evidence V; Opinion of the specialist.

scholarly journals The Influence of Depression on Pain in the Postoperative Setting: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Olaoluwa
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
World Health ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Postoperative Setting ◽  
Primary Basis ◽  
The Impact

Over 5% of Americans over the age of 12 reported depression between 2005–2006, and it remains the second leading cause of death in the adolescent and the early adulthood population. The estimated worldwide impact of depression affects approximately 300 million people (World Health Organization [WHO], 2017). Few research studies analyzed the correlation of depression and postoperative pain. The impact of depression on physiological wellbeing, and evidence from various studies suggest a correlation between psychological illnesses such as depression and the physiological manifestations of pain. This systematic review will consider Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT’s), however in the absence of RCT’s, a Quasi-experimental design, and Prospective cohort studies, will be included. Inclusion criteria for the systematic review consists of: adults ≥ 18 years of age with self-reported depression, subjects who have mild, moderate, or severe postoperative pain, subjects who received anesthesia or analgesia, and who underwent ambulatory surgery. Six of the nine studies reported higher postoperative pain levels among participants who had increased preoperative depression, and three out nine studies reported a negative correlation. Overall limitations in this review include the inability to obtain the highest level of evidence such as RCT’s. Due to lack of available RCT studies, cohort studies provided the primary basis of information for which this study relied. Cohort studies do not provide the highest level of evidence, and therefore an increased level of heterogenicity within this study was apparent.

scholarly journals Medical and social features of covid-19 in ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 219-224
Author(s):  
O.G. Shekera ◽  
V.I. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Object A ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, was announced by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020 and identified as having a significant negative impact on the functioning of health systems and the economic development of countries. To date, we know the impact of the pandemic on the decrease in the availability of medical care, difficulties with the annual monitoring and screening of socially significant diseases. But we will be able to fully assess the medical, clinical and psychosocial consequences of the pandemic, which are just beginning to manifest themselves, only in the coming years. The purpose was to study and analyze the features of clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, immunity and social significance of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine. Materials methods. The available current normative and literary sources were investigated. Methods: bibliosemantic - for studying the lokal and world science and information space on the problem under study; a systematic approach and analysis - for a comprehensive study of an object, a subject in a systemic relationship, for analyzing problematic issues, ways to solve them. Results. The medical feature of COVID-19 in Ukraine is the two-stage course of the disease 1-10 days - active replication of the virus; 8-14 days or longer - immune dysfunction (eg, respiratory problems, other serious conditions). Often recorded injury of the lungs in the form of pneumonitis, although it is mainly the disease of mild or moderate severity. Diagnostic is based on the detection of the RNA of the virus using PCR or immunoglobulins by ELISA. Treatment is mostly symptomatic. The social significance of the COVID-19 pandemic was reflected in the increase in patients with mental disorders, victims of domestic violence, deterioration in the health of the population due to the limited availability of many types of medical services, increased workload and housework, decreased income and a deterioration in the quality of life. Conclusions. The COVID-19 pandemic over the year of its existence has caused changes in many spheres of life of the world's population, and Ukraine is not an exception. Disease COVID-19 has nonspecific symptoms, can proceed under the mask of many pathological conditions. especially in the presence of comorbid diseases. The pathogenetic features of the course of COVID-19 are poorly understood, which limits the possibilities of effective etiopathogenetic therapy. The virus constantly mutates and leaves an unstable and short-lived immunity, which explains its diversity of the clinical symproms in different populations. In addition to a direct increase in morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19, the virus can affect the psychoemotional state of people, reduce income and deterioration in nutrition, especially among the most vulnerable segments of the population, which requires taking these aspects into account when making decisions at the legislative level with an emphasis on addressing gender and social inequality.

COVID 19: REALS AND CHALLENGES AGAINST DOCTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-87
Author(s):  
Zen Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Pneumonia Case ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
Health Organization

Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) is a contagious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which was discovered in December 2019 in China. This disease can cause clinical manifestations in the airway, lung and systemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) representative of China reported a pneumonia case with unknown etiology in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China on December 31, 2019. The cause was identified as a new type of coronavirus on January 7, 2020 with an estimated source of the virus from traditional markets (seafood market). ) Wuhan city

Novel Coronavirus 2019 Outbreak: A Global Epidemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1458-1464
Author(s):  
Sweta Kamboj ◽  
Rohit Kamboj ◽  
Shikha Kamboj ◽  
Kumar Guarve ◽  
Rohit Dutt
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Background: In the 1960s, the human coronavirus was designated, which is responsible for the upper respiratory tract disease in children. Back in 2003, mainly 5 new coronaviruses were recognized. This study directly pursues to govern knowledge, attitude and practice of viral and droplet infection isolation safeguard among the researchers during the outbreak of the COVID-19. Introduction: Coronavirus is a proteinaceous and infectious pathogen. It is an etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Coronavirus, appeared in China from the seafood and poultry market last year, which has spread in various countries, and has caused several deaths. Methods: The literature data has been taken from different search platforms like PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, who.int portal and complied. Results: Corona virology study will be more advanced and outstanding in recent years. COVID-19 epidemic is a threatening reminder not solely for one country but all over the universe. Conclusion: In this review article, we encapsulated the pathogenesis, geographical spread of coronavirus worldwide, also discussed the perspective of diagnosis, effective treatment, and primary recommendations by the World Health Organization, and guidelines of the government to slow down the impact of the virus are also optimistic, efficacious and obliging for the public health. However, it will take a prolonged time in the future to overcome this epidemic.

Characterizing the effectiveness of COVID-19 mitigation measures: A data-centric approach (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukman Olagoke ◽  
Ahmet E. Topcu
Keyword(s):  
Control Measure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND COVID-19 represents a serious threat to both national health and economic systems. To curb this pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a series of COVID-19 public safety guidelines. Different countries around the world initiated different measures in line with the WHO guidelines to mitigate and investigate the spread of COVID-19 in their territories. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of these control measures using a data-centric approach. METHODS We begin with a simple text analysis of coronavirus-related articles and show that reports on similar outbreaks in the past strongly proposed similar control measures. This reaffirms the fact that these control measures are in order. Subsequently, we propose a simple performance statistic that quantifies general performance and performance under the different measures that were initiated. A density based clustering of based on performance statistic was carried out to group countries based on performance. RESULTS The performance statistic helps evaluate quantitatively the impact of COVID-19 control measures. Countries tend show variability in performance under different control measures. The performance statistic has negative correlation with cases of death which is a useful characteristics for COVID-19 control measure performance analysis. A web-based time-line visualization that enables comparison of performances and cases across continents and subregions is presented. CONCLUSIONS The performance metric is relevant for the analysis of the impact of COVID-19 control measures. This can help caregivers and policymakers identify effective control measures and reduce cases of death due to COVID-19. The interactive web visualizer provides easily digested and quick feedback to augment decision-making processes in the COVID-19 response measures evaluation. CLINICALTRIAL Not Applicable

scholarly journals The impact of coronavirus outbreak on breastfeeding guidelines among Brazilian hospitals and maternity services: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walusa Assad Gonçalves-Ferri ◽  
◽  
Fábia Martins Pereira-Cellini ◽  
Kelly Coca ◽  
Davi Casale Aragon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternity Services ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The World Health Organization recognizes exclusive breastfeeding a safe source of nutrition available for children in most humanitarian emergencies, as in the current pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite the Brazilian national guideline protecting breastfeeding practices, there are many concerns about protecting infants from their infected mothers. This study aimed to analyze how the Brazilian hospitals and maternity services promote and support mothers suspected or diagnosed with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional and multicenter study which collected data from 24 Brazilian hospitals and maternity services between March and July 2020. Representatives of the institutions completed a questionnaire based on acts to promote and support breastfeeding, the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, and Brazil’s federal law recommendations. Results The results showed that in delivery rooms, 98.5% of the services prohibited immediate and uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact between mothers and their infants and did not support mothers to initiate breastfeeding in the first hour. On the postnatal ward, 98.5% of the services allowed breastfeeding while implementing respiratory hygiene practices to prevent transmission of COVID-19. Companions for mothers were forbidden in 83.3% of the hospitals. Hospital discharge was mostly between 24 and 28 h (79.1%); discharge guidelines were not individualized. Additionally, a lack of support was noticed from the home environment’s health community network (83.3%). Hospital and home breast pumping were allowed (87.5%), but breast milk donation was not accepted (95.8%). There was a lack of guidance regarding the use of infant comforting strategies. Guidelines specific for vulnerable populations were not covered in the material evaluated. Conclusions In Brazil, hospitals have not followed recommendations to protect, promote, and support breastfeeding during the COVID-19 outbreak. The disagreement between international guidelines has been a major issue. The absence of recommendations on breastfeeding support during the pandemic led to difficulties in developing standards among hospitals in different regions of Brazil and other countries worldwide. The scientific community needs to discuss how to improve maternal and infant care services to protect breastfeeding in the current pandemic.

Defining Preterm Birth and Stillbirth in the Western Pacific: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110260
Author(s):  
Mairead Connolly ◽  
Laura Phung ◽  
Elise Farrington ◽  
Michelle J. L. Scoullar ◽  
Alyce N. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
World Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Preterm birth and stillbirth are important global perinatal health indicators. Definitions of these indicators can differ between countries, affecting comparability of preterm birth and stillbirth rates across countries. This study aimed to document national-level adherence to World Health Organization (WHO) definitions of preterm birth and stillbirth in the WHO Western Pacific region. A systematic search of government health websites and 4 electronic databases was conducted. Any official report or published study describing the national definition of preterm birth or stillbirth published between 2000 and 2020 was eligible for inclusion. A total of 58 data sources from 21 countries were identified. There was considerable variation in how preterm birth and stillbirth was defined across the region. The most frequently used lower gestational age threshold for viability of preterm birth was 28 weeks gestation (range 20-28 weeks), and stillbirth was most frequently classified from 20 weeks gestation (range 12-28 weeks). High-income countries more frequently used earlier gestational ages for preterm birth and stillbirth compared with low- to middle-income countries. The findings highlight the importance of clear, standardized, internationally comparable definitions for perinatal indicators. Further research is needed to determine the impact on regional preterm birth and stillbirth rates.

Possible role of Unani Pharmacology in COVID-19 – a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Anzar Alam ◽  
Mohd Abdul Gani ◽  
G. Shama ◽  
Ghulamuddin Sofi ◽  
Mohd Aleemuddin Quamri
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Boswellia Serrata ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), viral diseases continue to rise, and pose a significant public health problem. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is close to Amraz-e-Wabai (epidemic diseases) which was described by Hippocrates, Galen, Aristotle, Razes, Haly Abbas, Avicenna, Jurjani etc. Presently, there is no specific or challenging treatment available for COVID-19. Renowned Unani Scholars recommended during epidemic situation to stay at home, and fumigate the shelters with aromatics herbs like Ood kham (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.), Kundur (Boswellia serrata Roxb), Kafoor (Cinnamomum camphora L.), Sandal (Santalum album L), Hing (Ferula foetida L.) etc. Use of specific Unani formulations are claimed effective for the management of such epidemic or pandemic situation like antidotes (Tiryaqe Wabai, Tiryaqe Arba, Tiryaqe Azam, Gile Armani), Herbal Decoction (Joshandah), along with Sharbate Khaksi, Habbe Bukhar, Sharbate Zanjabeel, Khamira Marwareed, Jawarish Jalinus, and Sirka (vinegar). Such drugs are claimed for use as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, cardiotonic, and general tonic actions. The study enumerates the literature regarding management of epidemics in Unani medicine and attempts to look the same in the perspective of COVID-19 prevention and management.

Household and Population-Level Behavioural Changes Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Smart Thermostat Based Comparative Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kirti Sundar Sahu ◽  
Arlene Oetomo ◽  
Niloofar Jalali ◽  
Plinio P. Morita
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Population Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Motion Sensors ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Smart Thermostat ◽  
The Impact

The World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. To inhibit the spread of COVID-19, governments around the globe, including Canada, have implemented physical distancing and lockdown measures, including a work-from-home policy. Canada in 2020 has developed a 24-Hour Movement Guideline for all ages laying guidance on the ideal amount of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep (PASS) for an individual in a day. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes on the household and population-level in lifestyle behaviours (PASS) and time spent indoors at the household level, following the implementation of physical distancing protocols and stay-at-home guidelines. For this study, we used 2019 and 2020 data from ecobee, a Canadian smart Wi-Fi thermostat company, through the Donate Your Data (DYD) program. Using motion sensors data, we quantified the amount of sleep by using the absence of movement, and similarly, increased sensor activation to show a longer duration of household occupancy. The key findings of this study were; during the COVID-19 pandemic, overall household-level activity increased significantly compared to pre-pandemic times, there was no significant difference between household-level behaviours between weekdays and weekends during the pandemic, average sleep duration has not changed, but the pattern of sleep behaviour significantly changed, specifically, bedtime and wake up time delayed, indoor time spent has been increased and outdoor time significantly reduced. Our data analysis shows the feasibility of using big data to monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the household and population-level behaviours and patterns of change.

scholarly journals Lower peripheral blood Toll-like receptor 3 expression is associated with an unfavorable outcome in severe COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Clara Saad Menezes ◽  
Alicia Dudy Müller Veiga ◽  
Thais Martins de Lima ◽  
Suely Kunimi Kubo Ariga ◽  
Hermes Vieira Barbeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pyrin Domain ◽  
Peripheral Blood Gene Expression ◽  
Severe Group ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe role of innate immunity in COVID-19 is not completely understood. Therefore, this study explored the impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on the expression of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in peripheral blood cells and their correlated cytokines. Seventy-nine patients with severe COVID-19 on admission, according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification, were divided into two groups: patients who needed mechanical ventilation and/or deceased (SEVERE, n = 50) and patients who used supplementary oxygen but not mechanical ventilation and survived (MILD, n = 29); a control group (CONTROL, n = 17) was also enrolled. In the peripheral blood, gene expression (mRNA) of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9, retinoic-acid inducible gene I (RIGI), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), interferon alpha (IFN-α), interferon beta (IFN-β), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interferon lambda (IFN-λ), pro-interleukin(IL)-1β (pro-IL-1β), and IL-18 was determined on admission, between 5–9 days, and between 10–15 days. Circulating cytokines in plasma were also measured. When compared to the COVID-19 MILD group, the COVID-19 SEVERE group had lower expression of TLR3 and overexpression of TLR4.

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