ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN HIIT WHOLE BODY ASSOCIATED WITH ELECTROMYOSTIMULATION

ABSTRACT Introduction: The use of whole body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) has been shown to be an efficient method for inducing significant improvements in muscle strength and performance outcomes. Hypothetically, WB-EMS had been considered an enhancer of energy expenditure in the session, but this remains unclear. Objective: In view of the lack of information, this study aims to evaluate the energy expenditure of WB-EMS associated with whole body High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT). Methods: Fourteen male participants were submitted into two randomized exercise sessions: HIIT (whole body weight exercises without WB-EMS) and HIIT+WB-EMS (whole body weight exercises associated with WB-EMS). For both exercise conditions, the subjects performed whole body HIIT according to the following protocol: 3 minutes of warm-up followed by 4 exercises (30 seconds of stimulus) organized in 2 blocks, with 3 sets in each exercise, a rest period of 15 seconds between sets, and 180 seconds between blocks. The following exercises were performed: jumping jacks, squat and thrusts, burpees, and spider plank. Results: Significant differences were found in the absolute VO2 (HIIT:2.18±0.34, HIIT+WB-EMS:2.32±0.36 L.min−1) and relative VO2 (HIIT:26.30±3.77, HIIT+WB-EMS:28.02± 3.74 ml.kg.min−1), MET (HIIT:7.51±1.07, HIIT+WB-EMS:8.00±1.07), lactate concentration (HIIT:11.59±2.16, HIIT+WB-EMS: 12.64±1.99 mmol.L−1) and total energy expenditure (HIIT: 249.6± 45.04 Kcal, HIIT+ WB-EMS: 268.9±40.67 Kcal; 7.46 ± 5.31%). Conclusion: Our data indicate that the use of WB-EMS associated with HIIT generated a slightly higher metabolic demand than that of the control. However, the absolute differences do not allow us to indicate the superiority of WB-EMS, and future trials should be designed to determine the long-term effects.

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Effects of Adding Small Combat Games to Regular Taekwondo Training on Physiological and Performance Outcomes in Male Young Athletes

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.646666 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ibrahim Ouergui ◽

Emerson Franchini ◽

Hamdi Messaoudi ◽

Hamdi Chtourou ◽

Anissa Bouassida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Perceived Exertion ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Random Order ◽

Performance Outcomes ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Control Group ◽

Metabolic Demand ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Hoc

This study investigated the effect of area sizes (4 × 4, 6 × 6, and 8 × 8 m) and effort-pause ratios (free combat vs. 1:2) variation on the physiological and perceptive responses during taekwondo combats (Study 1). In a second study, the effects on physical performance of 8 weeks of small combat-based training added to regular taekwondo training were investigated (Study 2). In random order, 32 male taekwondo athletes performed six (i.e., two effort-to-pause ratios × three area sizes conditions) different 2-min taekwondo combats (Study 1). Thereafter (Study 2), they were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (4 × 4, 6 × 6, and 8 × 8 m) and an active control group (CG). Regarding Study 1, blood lactate concentration [La] before and after each combat, mean heart rate (HRmean) during each combat, and rating of perceived exertion (CR-10) immediately after each combat were assessed. Regarding Study 2, progressive specific taekwondo (PSTT) to estimate maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), taekwondo-specific agility, and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests were administered before and after 8 weeks of training. Study 1 results showed that 4 × 4 m elicited lower HRmean values compared with 6 × 6 m (d = −0.42 [small], p = 0.030) and free combat induced higher values compared with the 1:2 ratio (d = 1.71 [large], p < 0.001). For [La]post, 4 × 4 m area size induced higher values than 6 × 6 m (d = 0.99 [moderate], p < 0.001) and 8 × 8 m (d = 0.89 [moderate], p < 0.001) and free combat induced higher values than 1:2 ratio (d = 0.69 [moderate], p < 0.001). Higher CR-10 scores were registered after free combat compared with 1:2 ratio (d = 0.44 [small], p = 0.007). For Study 2, VO2max increased after training [F(1, 56) =30.532, p < 0.001; post-hoc: d = 1.27 [large], p < 0.001] with higher values for 4 × 4 m compared with CG (d = 1.15 [moderate], p = 0.009). Agility performance improved after training [F(1, 56) = 4.419, p = 0.04; post-hoc: d = −0.46 [small], p = 0.04] and 4 × 4 m induced lower values in comparison with 6 × 6 m (d = −1.56 [large], p = 0.001) and CG (d = −0.77 [moderate], p = 0.049). No training type influenced CMJ performance. Smaller area size elicited contrasting results in terms of metabolic demand compared with larger sizes (i.e., lower HRmean but higher [La] and CR-10), whereas free combat induced variables' consistently higher values compared with imposed 1:2 ratio (Study 1). Taekwondo training is effective to improve VO2max and agility (Study 2), but small combat training modality should be investigated further.

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Energy expenditure and substrate utilization during whole body vibration

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte ◽

10.1590/1517-86922015210201976 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 122-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ravena Santos Raulino ◽

Fernanda Meira de Aguiar ◽

Núbia Carelli Pereira de Avelar ◽

Isabela Gomes Costa ◽

Jacqueline da Silva Soares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Weight Management ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Interval Training ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Whole Body ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Additional Increase ◽

Intensity Of Exercise

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: the aim of this study was to investigate whether the addition of vibration during interval training would raise oxygen consumption VO2 to the extent necessary for weight management and to evaluate the influence of the intensity of the vibratory stimulus for prescribing the exercise program in question.METHODS: VO2, measured breath by breath, was evaluated at rest and during the four experimental conditions to determine energy expenditure, metabolic equivalent MET, respiratory exchange ratio RER, % Kcal from fat, and rate of fat oxidation. Eight young sedentary females age 22±1 years, height 163.88± 7.62 cm, body mass 58.35±10.96 kg, and VO2 max 32.75±3.55 mLO2.Kg-1.min-1 performed interval training duration = 13.3 min to the upper and lower limbs both with vibration 35 Hz and 2 mm, 40 Hz and 2 mm, 45 Hz and 2 mm and without vibration. The experimental conditions were randomized and balanced at an interval of 48 hours.RESULTS: the addition of vibration to exercise at 45 Hz and 2 mm resulted in an additional increase of 17.77±12.38% of VO2 compared with exercise without vibration. However, this increase did not change the fat oxidation rate p=0.42 because intensity of exercise 29.1±3.3 %VO2max, 2.7 MET was classified as mild to young subjects.CONCLUSION: despite the influence of vibration on VO2 during exercise, the increase was insufficient to reduce body weight and did not reach the minimum recommendation of exercise prescription for weight management for the studied population.

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A combination of exercise and capsinoid supplementation additively suppresses diet-induced obesity by increasing energy expenditure in mice

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00354.2014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 308 (4) ◽

pp. E315-E323 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Kana Ohyama ◽

Yoshihito Nogusa ◽

Katsuya Suzuki ◽

Kosaku Shinoda ◽

Shingo Kajimura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Whole Body ◽

Voluntary Running ◽

Running Wheel Exercise ◽

Body Energy

Exercise effectively prevents the development of obesity and obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Capsinoids (CSNs) are capsaicin analogs found in a nonpungent pepper that increase whole body energy expenditure. Although both exercise and CSNs have antiobesity functions, the effectiveness of exercise with CSN supplementation has not yet been investigated. Here, we examined whether the beneficial effects of exercise could be further enhanced by CSN supplementation in mice. Mice were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) high-fat diet (HFD, Control), 2) HFD containing 0.3% CSNs, 3) HFD with voluntary running wheel exercise (Exercise), and 4) HFD containing 0.3% CSNs with voluntary running wheel exercise (Exercise + CSN). After 8 wk of ingestion, blood and tissues were collected and analyzed. Although CSNs significantly suppressed body weight gain under the HFD, CSN supplementation with exercise additively decreased body weight gain and fat accumulation and increased whole body energy expenditure compared with exercise alone. Exercise together with CSN supplementation robustly improved metabolic profiles, including the plasma cholesterol level. Furthermore, this combination significantly prevented diet-induced liver steatosis and decreased the size of adipocyte cells in white adipose tissue. Exercise and CSNs significantly increased cAMP levels and PKA activity in brown adipose tissue (BAT), indicating an increase of lipolysis. Moreover, they significantly activated both the oxidative phosphorylation gene program and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. These results indicate that CSNs efficiently promote the antiobesity effect of exercise, in part by increasing energy expenditure via the activation of fat oxidation in skeletal muscle and lipolysis in BAT.

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Influence of mild cold on 24 h energy expenditure in ‘normally’ clothed adults

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19900135 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 481-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

P. M. Warwick ◽

R. Busby

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Weight Status ◽

Whole Body ◽

Body Weight Status ◽

Two Temperatures ◽

The Difference

Ten subjects aged 19–35 years (four men and six women) underwent two measurements of 24 h energy expenditure (EE) in a whole-body respiration calorimeter, one at a temperature of 28° and one at 20°. Choice of clothing was allowed. Dietary intake was standardized and subjects were asked to follow the same pattern of activity during both measurements. Mean 24 h EE was significantly greater at the cooler temperature by 5.0 (SD 5.5) %, with individual differences ranging from 4.6% lower to 12.6% higher. The difference in EE at the two temperatures was similar during the day and the night and occurred even though subjects wore more clothes and used more bedding at 20°. No relationship was observed between response to 20° and body-weight status. In conclusion, the assumption that mild cold is unlikely to affect EE in subjects wearing normal clothing may be incorrect.

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CTRP12 ablation differentially affects energy expenditure, body weight, and insulin sensitivity in male and female mice

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00533.2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 319 (1) ◽

pp. E146-E162 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stefanie Y. Tan ◽

Xia Lei ◽

Hannah C. Little ◽

Susana Rodriguez ◽

Dylan C. Sarver ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Liver Weight ◽

Homozygous Deletion ◽

Whole Body ◽

Male Mice ◽

Female Mice

Secreted hormones facilitate tissue cross talk to maintain energy balance. We previously described C1q/TNF-related protein 12 (CTRP12) as a novel metabolic hormone. Gain-of-function and partial-deficiency mouse models have highlighted important roles for this fat-derived adipokine in modulating systemic metabolism. Whether CTRP12 is essential and required for metabolic homeostasis is unknown. We show here that homozygous deletion of Ctrp12 gene results in sexually dimorphic phenotypes. Under basal conditions, complete loss of CTRP12 had little impact on male mice, whereas it decreased body weight (driven by reduced lean mass and liver weight) and improved insulin sensitivity in female mice. When challenged with a high-fat diet, Ctrp12 knockout (KO) male mice had decreased energy expenditure, increased weight gain and adiposity, elevated serum TNFα level, and reduced insulin sensitivity. In contrast, female KO mice had reduced weight gain and liver weight. The expression of lipid synthesis and catabolism genes, as well as profibrotic, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and oxidative stress genes were largely unaffected in the adipose tissue of Ctrp12 KO male mice. Despite greater adiposity and insulin resistance, Ctrp12 KO male mice fed an obesogenic diet had lower circulating triglyceride and free fatty acid levels. In contrast, lipid profiles of the leaner female KO mice were not different from those of WT controls. These data suggest that CTRP12 contributes to whole body energy metabolism in genotype-, diet-, and sex-dependent manners, underscoring complex gene-environment interactions influencing metabolic outcomes.

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Muscle Glycogenolysis and Resynthesis in Response to a Half Ironman Triathlon: A Case Study

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.1.4.408 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 408-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Trevor L. Gillum ◽

Charles L. Dumke ◽

Brent C. Ruby

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Muscle Glycogen ◽

Vastus Lateralis ◽

High Rate ◽

Whole Body ◽

Glycogen Depletion ◽

Glycogen Resynthesis ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Ironman Triathlon

Purpose:To describe the degrees of muscle-glycogen depletion and resynthesis in response to a half Ironman triathlon.Methods:One male subject (38 years of age) completed the Grand Columbian half Ironman triathlon (1.9-km swim, 90-km bike, 21.1-km run, Coulee City, Wash). Three muscle biopsies were obtained from his right vastus lateralis (prerace, immediately postrace, and 4 hours postrace). Prerace and postrace body weight were recorded, in addition to macronutrient consumption before, during, and after the race. Energy expenditure and whole-body substrate oxidation were estimated from linear regression established from laboratory trials (watts and run pace relative to VO2 and VCO2).Results:Body weight decreased 3.8 kg from prerace to postrace. Estimated CHO energy expenditure was 10,003 kJ for the bike segment and 5759 kJ for the run segment of the race. The athlete consumed 308 g of exogenous CHO (liquid and gel; 1.21 g CHO/min) during the race. Muscle glycogen decreased from 227.1 prerace to 38.6 mmol · kg wet weight−1 · h−1 postrace. During the 4 hours postrace, the athlete consumed a mixed diet (471 g CHO, 15 g fat, 64 g protein), which included liquid CHO sources and a meal. The calculated rate of muscle-glycogen resynthesis was 4.1 mmol · kg wet weight−1 · h−1.Conclusion:Completing a half Ironman triathlon depends on a high rate of muscle glycogenolysis, which demonstrates the importance of exogenous carbohydrate intake during the race. In addition, rates of muscle-glycogen resynthesis might be dampened by the eccentric damage resulting from the run portion of the race.

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Predicting metabolic adaptation, body weight change, and energy intake in humans

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00559.2009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 298 (3) ◽

pp. E449-E466 ◽

Cited By ~ 114

Author(s):

Kevin D. Hall

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Weight Change ◽

Initial Conditions ◽

Whole Body ◽

Metabolic Adaptation ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Body Weight Change ◽

Fuel Selection

Complex interactions between carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism underlie the body's remarkable ability to adapt to a variety of diets. But any imbalances between the intake and utilization rates of these macronutrients will result in changes in body weight and composition. Here, I present the first computational model that simulates how diet perturbations result in adaptations of fuel selection and energy expenditure that predict body weight and composition changes in both obese and nonobese men and women. No model parameters were adjusted to fit these data other than the initial conditions for each subject group (e.g., initial body weight and body fat mass). The model provides the first realistic simulations of how diet perturbations result in adaptations of whole body energy expenditure, fuel selection, and various metabolic fluxes that ultimately give rise to body weight change. The validated model was used to estimate free-living energy intake during a long-term weight loss intervention, a variable that has never previously been measured accurately.

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Meal frequency and energy balance

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19970104 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (S1) ◽

pp. S57-S70 ◽

Cited By ~ 185

Author(s):

France Bellisle ◽

Regina McDevitt ◽

Andrew M. Prentice

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Energy Balance Equation ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Whole Body ◽

Meal Frequency ◽

Doubly Labelled Water ◽

Meal Pattern ◽

Post Hoc

Several epidemiological studies have observed an inverse relationship between people's habitual frequency of eating and body weight, leading to the suggestion that a ‘nibbling’ meal pattern may help in the avoidance of obesity. A review of all pertinent studies shows that, although many fail to find any significant relationship, the relationship is consistently inverse in those that do observe a relationship. However, this finding is highly vulnerable to the probable confounding effects of post hoc changes in dietary patterns as a consequence of weight gain and to dietary under-reporting which undoubtedly invalidates some of the studies. We conclude that the epidemiological evidence is at best very weak, and almost certainly represents an artefact. A detailed review of the possible mechanistic explanations for a metabolic advantage of nibbling meal patterns failed to reveal significant benefits in respect of energy expenditure. Although some short-term studies suggest that the thermic effect of feeding is higher when an isoenergetic test load is divided into multiple small meals, other studies refute this, and most are neutral. More importantly, studies using whole-body calorimetry and doubly-labelled water to assess total 24h energy expenditure find no difference between nibbling and gorging. Finally, with the exception of a single study, there is no evidence that weight loss on hypoenergetic regimens is altered by meal frequency. We conclude that any effects of meal pattern on the regulation of body weight are likely to be mediated through effects on the food intake side of the energy balance equation.

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MGAT2 deficiency and vertical sleeve gastrectomy have independent metabolic effects in the mouse

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00376.2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 307 (11) ◽

pp. E1065-E1072 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Joram D. Mul ◽

Denovan P. Begg ◽

April M. Haller ◽

Josh W. Pressler ◽

Joyce Sorrell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Lipid Synthesis ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Whole Body ◽

Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Reduced Body

Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is currently one of the most effective treatments for obesity. Despite recent developments, the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the metabolic improvements following bariatric surgery remain unresolved. VSG reduces postprandial intestinal triglyceride (TG) production, but whether the effects of VSG on intestinal metabolism are related to metabolic outcomes has yet to be established. The lipid synthesis enzyme acyl CoA:monoacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 ( Mogat2; MGAT2) plays a crucial role in the assimilation of dietary fat in the intestine and in regulation of adiposity stores as well. Given the phenotypic similarities between VSG-operated and MGAT2-deficient animals, we reasoned that this enzyme could also have a key role in mediating the metabolic benefits of VSG. However, VSG reduced body weight and fat mass and improved glucose metabolism similarly in whole body MGAT2-deficient ( Mogat2−/−) mice and wild-type littermates. Furthermore, along with an increase in energy expenditure, surgically naive Mogat2−/− mice had altered macronutrient preference, shifting preference away from fat and toward carbohydrates, and increased locomotor activity. Collectively, these data suggest that the beneficial effects of VSG on body weight and glucose metabolism are independent of MGAT2 activity and rather that they are separate from the effects of MGAT2 deficiency. Because MGAT2 inhibitors are proposed as a pharmacotherapeutic option for obesity, our data suggest that, in addition to increasing energy expenditure, shifting macronutrient preference away from fat could be another important mechanism by which these compounds could contribute to weight loss.

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Acute and chronic effects of FR-149175, a β3-adrenergic receptor agonist, on energy expenditure in Zucker fatty rats

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00131.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 287 (2) ◽

pp. R336-R341 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yoshifumi Hatakeyama ◽

Yoshihiko Sakata ◽

Shoji Takakura ◽

Toshitaka Manda ◽

Seitaro Mutoh

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Adrenergic Receptor ◽

Chronic Exposure ◽

Uncoupling Protein ◽

Whole Body ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Chronic Effects ◽

Acute And Chronic Effects

Clinical therapies for both obesity and obese non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus require maintenance of reduced body weight after the initial successful reduction resulting from calorie control, exercise, or medication. Although β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonists have been shown to stimulate whole body energy expenditure and lipid mobilization, whether stimulatory effects on oxygen consumption and lipolysis are influenced by chronic exposure to agonists has not been fully characterized. We therefore examined the acute and chronic effects of FR-149175, a selective β3-AR agonist, on whole body oxygen consumption in genetically obese Zucker fatty rats. Chronic treatment with FR-149175 caused a decrease in both body weight gain and white fat pad weight at doses that induced lipolysis in acute treatment (1 and 3.2 mg/kg po). Single administration of FR-149175 (0.1, 1, and 3.2 mg/kg po) dose dependently increased whole body oxygen consumption. Repetitive administration did not cause attenuation of the thermogenic response at lower doses (0.1 and 1 mg/kg 2 times daily), whereas the highest dose (3.2 mg/kg 2 times daily) induced a progressive increase in oxygen consumption. PCR analyses of retroperitoneal white adipose tissue indicated little or no change in β3-AR mRNA levels. Uncoupling protein 1 gene expression increased at 1 mg/kg, and drastic upregulation was detected at 3.2 mg/kg. FR-149175 also increased HSL mRNA levels in a dose-related manner, whereas there was no effect on genes involved in β-oxidation. These results support that the thermogenic effect of β3-AR agonists is not attenuated by chronic exposure to agonists.

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