scholarly journals Birds of Parque Estadual Ilha do Cardoso: ecology, conservation and natural history

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Chupil ◽  
Emygdio Leite de Araujo Monteiro-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Trophic Guilds ◽  
Avian Community ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
Good State ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Frequency Occurrence

Abstract: The Parque Estadual Ilha do Cardoso (PEIC), located on extreme South of São Paulo’s cost, in Brazil, holds an important Atlantic Forest remnant which still in a good state of conservation, but lack a deepen study about the avian community that habits the island. This study aimed to elaborate a census of avian species that occur in the park approaching richness, occurrence frequency, occurrence status and the structure of trophic guilds. A total of 25 field expedictions occurred between September 2015 and September 2017 during five days each, the field work included different ecosystems as mangrove, restinga, forest, sandbank, beach and marine. The census was made combine three different techniques used in ornithological studies: visual identification, auditory identification and catch by mist-nets (with five fixed sites in mangrove, restinga and forest). Were recorded 335 avian species, with 28 of them endemic from Brazil and 33 being threatened with extinction. Seventy-three species were recorded in all sampled months (FO 100%), while 46 were recorded in just one month (FO = 4%). About occurrence status, 55% of species are residents, 20% occasional visitors, 13% unusual residents, 6% migratory and 6% visitors. According the recorded species were recognized 25 trophic guilds based on food items, corporal size and strata that commonly forage, which of most representative in the community, the guild of “of insectivorous of medium-strata” (N = 55), “canopy omnivorous” (N = 33), “aquatic invertebrates consummers” and “piscivorous” (N = 31). Finally, with the current study, we aimed through a significative field effort bring a better knowledge about avifauna of PEIC, which could be a good base when is necessary take actions that aim to park management and the Conservation Unities around it.

scholarly journals Food Variety of Lesser Whistling Duck in Malaysian Lakes

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martins Chukwuemeka Onwuka ◽  
Muhammad Nawaz Rajpar ◽  
Mohamed Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Potamogeton Perfoliatus ◽  
Aquatic Vertebrates ◽  
Food Variety

Food distribution and diversity is a significant factor that determines the habitat and site selection of avian species. Its effects on the health, reproduction, survival rate, diversity indices, population structure and home range of avian species. In wetland ecosystem, bird home range and population structure is influenced by richness and diversity of food resources and availability of suitable foraging sites. The aim of the study was to ascertain the food variety of Lesser Whistling Duck - Dendrocygna javanica in Paya Indah Wetland Reserve (PIWR). A scan method was employed from strategic places or blinds using a spotting scope and binocular to determine the food selection and density by Distance sampling point count method. Food items were categorised into the aquatic plants (AP), aquatic invertebrates (AIV), aquatic vertebrates (AV), terrestrial plants (TP), terrestrial vertebrates (TV) and terrestrial invertebrates (TIV). Distance analysis indicated that PIWR harboured 3.88 &#177; 0.00 birds per ha (n = 188 individuals). In addition, the results revealed that higher bird relative abundance of Lesser Whistling Duck concentrated in the shallow of Belibis lake that was rich in submerged and emergent vegetation (Eleocharis dulcis, Philydrum lanuginosum, Utricularia vulgaris, and Potamogeton perfoliatus). Kruskal-Wallis H test showed that food items were significantly different. Lesser Whistling Duck showed strong correlationship with AIV (r2 = 1.00, P<0.05) and negative relationship with water TP (r2 = -0.061, P<0.05). The regression model highlighted that Lesser Whistling Duck significantly preferred aquatic invertebrates, r2 = -0.686&#177;0.68; P<0.001 and aquatic vertebrates, -0.459&#177;0.26) than other food items. The results revealed that shallow marshy-based lakes rich in aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates harboured higher population of Lesser Whistling Ducks to utilize it and performed multiple activities than other habitats.

scholarly journals Diet composition of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and badger (Meles meles) in Czech Republic

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Hana Šuláková
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Competition For Food ◽  
Frequency Occurrence

Diets of the raccoon dog and badger were studied in the Landscape Protected Area (LPA) Litovelské Pomoraví from 2000 to 2001 by collecting faeces from latrines during March – December every year. The relative volume and frequency occurrence of each food item in the feaces were calculated. Vertebrates and invertebrates constituted the bulk of the raccoon dog diet, while plants and invertebrates were most frequently eaten by the badger. Insecta and Rodentia were important to the raccoon dog, but it also consumed other food items. The raccoon dog was more omnivorous that the badger. Badger fed very frequently on plant material, raccoon dog, instead, frequently ate insects, especially beetles. In conclusion, the diet of the raccoon dog overlaps largely with that of badger, and some competition for food may occur between these species in the LPA Litovelské Pomoraví; however, their preferred food sources differ to some extent, which helps them to avoid competition.

scholarly journals Seasonal Dynamics and Diversity of Haemosporidians in a Natural Woodland Bird Community in Slovakia

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Alžbeta Šujanová ◽  
Eva Špitalská ◽  
Radovan Václav
Keyword(s):  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Avian Community ◽  
Local Diversity ◽  
Parasite Richness ◽  
Haemosporidian Parasites ◽  
Community Infection

Despite the ubiquity of disease seasonality, mechanisms behind the fluctuations in seasonal diseases are still poorly understood. Avian hemosporidiosis is increasingly used as a model for ecological and evolutionary studies on disease dynamics, but the results are complex, depending on the focus (hosts, parasites, vectors) and scale (individuals, community, populations) of the study. Here, we examine the local diversity of haemosporidian parasites and the seasonal patterns of infections, parasite richness, and diversity in a natural woodland bird community in Slovakia. In 35 avian species, we detected 111, including 19 novel, haemosporidian cytochrome b lineages. The highest numbers of lineages were detected during spring and autumn, corresponding with higher avian species richness and infection prevalence in the avian community during these periods of time. Nevertheless, the haemosporidian community in the local breeders in summer was relatively stable, Haemoproteus lineages dominated in the local avian haemosporidian community, and only few parasite lineages were abundant within each genus. While prevailing Leucocytozoon infections in spring suggest that the majority of sampled birds wintered in the Mediterranean region, Plasmodium infections in spring can be due to relapses in reproductively active short-distance migrants. Multiple haemosporidian infections, both intra- and inter-generic ones, were common in the local avian community. Infection intensity peaked during summer and tended to be higher in older birds, pointing to the role of supressed immunity in reproductively active birds.

scholarly journals Diet composition of abundant fish species in the shallow waters of the Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e52230
Author(s):  
Rafael Lima Oliveira ◽  
Leonardo Evangelista Moraes ◽  
Alexandre Clistenes de Alcântara Santos
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Trophic Guilds ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Ecological Importance

Coastal habitats have great ecological importance with estuarine environments providing feeding sites for many fish species, especially during juvenile life stages. This study investigates the diet composition and trophic guild organization of the common and abundant ichthyofauna in shallow areas of the Todos os Santos Bay (TSB), Bahia, Brazil, and their relationships with environmental parameters. Six fish sampling campaigns were carried out in the shallow zones (infralittoral) of the Paraguaçu River estuary which encompasses the inner and outer (marine exposure) reaches of the TSB. The stomach contents of 1231 individuals belonging to common and abundant species were examined. A total of 32 food items were identified and fish were into four trophic guilds: detritivores, zoobenthivores I, zoobenthivores II, and zooplanktivores. The relationship between the guilds and environmental parameters showed that zoobenthivores II and zooplanktivores guilds had a positive relationship with salinity and pH, explaining 86% of data variability, though only the salinity variable was significant. This study provides basic information about the diet composition of common and abundant species in the TSB and their organization into trophic guilds. In addition, demonstrates that shallow waters fish across all guilds have broadly similar diets, comprising food items that are usually associated with bottom waters.

scholarly journals Diet-morphology relationship in the stream-dwelling characid Deuterodon stigmaturus (Gomes, 1947) (Characiformes: Characidae) is partially conditioned by ontogenetic development

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Bolson Dala-Corte ◽  
Eliane Regina da Silva ◽  
Clarice Bernhardt Fialho
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Ontogenetic Development ◽  
Filamentous Algae ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Interindividual Variations ◽  
Intestine Length

ABSTRACT We tested whether interindividual variations in diet composition within a population of Deuterodon stigmaturus can be explained by morphological differences between individuals, and whether diet-morphology relationships are dependent on the ontogenetic development. We analyzed diet of 75 specimens sampled in a coastal stream of Southern Brazil. Variation in stomach content was summarized with a Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA). The retained PCoA axes were tested as response to standard length (SL), and to values of intestine length (IL) and mouth length (ML) independent of body size, using linear mixed-effects models (LMM). The most consumed food items by D. stigmaturus were filamentous algae (41%), terrestrial plants (20.3%), detritus (12%), and aquatic invertebrates (8.8%). The LMMs showed that SL was positively related to consumption of terrestrial plants, whereas IL independent of SL was negatively related to aquatic invertebrates and positively related to filamentous algae. When body sized was held constant, ML was not related to diet variation. Interindividual diet differences conditioned to body size suggest that individuals shift their trophic niche and function in the ecosystem along the ontogenetic development. Relationships between intestine length and diet composition suggest interindividual differences in foraging ability and digestibility of distinct food items.

scholarly journals Report of the early winter migrants and resident birds in an inland wetland near Tundi Camp, Bajana, Gujarat

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 11652
Author(s):  
Abhishek Chatterjee ◽  
Sudeshna Ghoshal ◽  
Soumyajit Chowdhury ◽  
Pinakiranjan Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Avian Community ◽  
The Family ◽  
Migrant Bird

The study is based on the avian community observed in the region.  In total, 1,079 individuals, 62 genera and 79 species of birds belonging to 35 families have been recorded.  Among them, the family Anatidae with 20.42% incidence is the most frequent; immediately followed by the family Phoenicopteridae (10.59% of occurrence).  Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger is the most abundant avian species observed.  The community consists of 44% resident; 36% resident-migrant and 20% migrant bird species.  It was observed that the concerned community shows a considerable diversity and a correspondingly low value of dominance.  In the feeding guild analysis, the insectivore guild has the most number of recorded avian species.  The feeding guild affiliations also point out that the overall community is fairly rich in its composition as it houses bird species belonging to various feeding guilds. 

scholarly journals Does the oscillation of the water volume of the reservoir influence in the same way in fish diet?

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Carlos Dantas de Oliveira ◽  
Jônnata Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
Luzia Geize Fernandes Rebouças ◽  
José Luís Costa Novaes ◽  
Danielle Peretti
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Similarity Analysis ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Trophic Guilds ◽  
Fish Feeding ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Trophic Similarity

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the fish feeding and to establish the preferential and secondary items of their diets, to determine the trophic guilds and the possible trophic structure variations in function of the water volume in Umari reservoir, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazilian semiarid. Methods The fish were captured quarterly between February and November of 2013, with gill nets with different meshes, being the apparatuses exposed at 5:00 p.m., with removal at 5:00 a.m. The food items were identified using stereoscopic and optical microscopes and evaluated through the Feeding Index (IAi), being the results of this procedure used in food similarity analysis. The volume of the items was orderly in NMDS and the time differences were tested in PERMANOVA. Results A total of 740 individuals belonging to 14 species were sampled, being analyzed a total of 258 stomachs and 8 intestines of 11 species. From the IAi values used in the trophic similarity analysis, the species were classified into five trophic guilds: detritivorous, insectivorous, malacophagous, carcinophagous and piscivorous. Conclusion The oscillation in the water volume of the reservoir did not influence the diet of the guild detritivorous, which shows that the variations in the volume of water of the reservoir do not influence in the same way the diet of the local ichthyofauna.

scholarly journals Food resources sustaining the fish fauna in a section of the upper São Francisco River in Três Marias, MG, Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. C. Alvim ◽  
A. C. Peret
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Trophic Guilds ◽  
Terrestrial Invertebrates ◽  
Sao Francisco River ◽  
Seasonal Flooding ◽  
São Francisco River

With the purpose of determining the principal food resources responsible for maintaining the fishery yield in a section of the São Francisco River, 6 sampling of the fish fauna were made downstream from the Três Marias Dam, from September 1996 to July 1997. A total of 1,127 individuals of 35 species were captured, using gillnets with mesh sizes varying from 3 to 16 cm. The stomach contents of 33 species were examined in order to determine their diets. Five trophic guilds were established, in the following order of importance: ilyophagous, herbivorous, piscivorous, terrestrial invertebrates feeders, and aquatic invertebrates feeders. The resources sustaining the fish fauna were mainly of allochthonous origin. The ichthyonenosis appears to be mainly dependent on the detritus chain. The ciliary forest and seasonal flooding pulses are the main suppliers of food for the fish fauna.

scholarly journals Ecology And Food Habits Of Common Skittering Frog, Euphlyctis Cyanophlyctis (Schneider, 1799) In Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Lokman Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Euphlyctis Cyanophlyctis ◽  
Sparse Vegetation ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Frequency Occurrence ◽  
The Village ◽  
Average Body

The Common Skittering Frog, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis was observed to inhabit in aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats with sparse vegetation covering cultivated lands, irrigation channels, marshes, ditches, domestic and derelict ponds, pools, puddles, wetlands, low lying areas, water logged areas, along the dikes or roads and towards the nearest sources of water. A total of 75 individuals was collected during the period from July, 2012 to June, 2013 from the village Bara Hazratpur, Mitapukur thana under Rangpur District and their food habits were studied. The average body weight of the frogs was 109.57 ± 23.05g and the average weight of the consumed food by each animal was 5.40 ± 3.65g with a variation between 0.1g and 13.3g which was 4.92% of their body weight. A total of 34 food items was found in the stomachs of 75 common skittering frogs. All the food items found in the stomachs were animal foods. The frogs fed mainly on insects (57.95%) that followed crustacean (13.89%), fishes (10.19), arachnids (9.36%), annelids (6.8%), amphibians (2.24%). The consumption of food varied seasonally, being much less in winter than in summer or rainy season. The percent frequency occurrence of insects in relation to the total number of food items was more or less same in all seasons. Insect food items were under18 families belonging to 10 orders, most of which are harmful to agriculture, gardens and human residences. So, education and awareness have been suggested through printed and electronic media regarding their contribution in maintaining ecological balance and role in ecosystem. The species should be conserved for maintaining natural balance and economy of the country. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 41(1): 7-17, June 2015

scholarly journals The orchid-bee faunas (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of ‘Reserva Ecológica Michelin’, ‘RPPN Serra Bonita’ and one Atlantic Forest remnant in the state of Bahia, Brazil, with new geographic records

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nemésio
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The State ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Northern Border ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
First Time

The orchid bee faunas of two private natural preserves, ‘Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural da Serra Bonita’ (RSB) and ‘Reserva Ecológica Michelin’ (REM), and a forest fragment inside the campus of the ‘Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz’, were surveyed for the first time. All three areas constitute Atlantic Forest remnants in the southern portion of the state of Bahia, Brazil. A total of 1,782 males belonging to 32 species were actively collected with insect nets during 90 hours of field work from November, 2009, to January, 2012. Euglossa cyanochlora Moure, 1996—one of the rarest orchid bee species—was found at RSB and REM, the latter representing the northernmost record for this species. Euglossa cognata, Moure, 1970 was found at RSB, the northernmost record for this species in the Atlantic Forest and the only recent record for this species at the northern border of Jequitinhonha river.

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