scholarly journals Mammary gland health of Santa Inês ewes at the drying and puerperium and evaluation of a dry-off terapy with gentamicin

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 2194-2200
Author(s):  
Priscilla F.V. Pereira ◽  
Ana P. Reway ◽  
Aline Félix ◽  
Edsel A. Beutemmüller ◽  
Lucienne G. Pretto-Giordano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

ABSTRACT: Mastitis represents an important health problem for Santa Inês breed, causing losses to the producer, due to loss of ewes or the decrease in weight gain of lambs. The aim of this work was to assess the health of the mammary gland of Santa Inês ewes at the drying and puerperium and to investigate the efficacy of a dry-off therapy with gentamicin. In this study, 64 ewes were divided in a control group (GC) and treatment group (GT), and the health of the mammary gland was assessed at the drying and puerperium. The GT ewes received 250mg of gentamicin (Gentocin® DryCow/Schering-Plough, product indicated for use in dairy cows) in each mammary half. For diagnosis, clinical examination, California Mastitis Test, somatic cell count and milk culture was performed. In the GC, of the 45 (70.3%) healthy mammary halves at the drying, 12 developed subclinical mastitis and nine clinical mastitis at the puerperium. In the GT, among 51 (79.7%) healthy mammary halves at the drying, six developed subclinical mastitis and 11 clinical mastitis at the puerperium. No association was observed between treatment and the occurrence of mastitis at puerperium. Of the 19 (29.7%) mammary halves of the GC that presented subclinical mastitis at the drying, three remained with subclinical mastitis and five developed clinical mastitis at the puerperium. In the GT, of the 13 (20.3%) mammary halves that had subclinical mastitis at the drying, four remained with subclinical mastitis and four developed clinical mastitis. No association was observed between treatment and cure or persistence of mastitis at the puerperium. The main microorganisms isolated, at the drying and puerperium, from animals with subclinical or clinical mastitis were Staphylococcus spp., predominantly coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CSN). At the puerperium, 29 cases of clinical mastitis occurred, 19 with isolation, where 10 were CNS and six S. aureus. Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated in one case of subclinical mastitis and other of clinical mastitis. News protocols and different ways of handling at drying and at puerperium must be investigated.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) as an aetiological factor of mastitis in cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bochniarz ◽  
W. Wawron ◽  
M. Szczubiał
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Aetiological Factor ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Clinical Forms

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine the proportions of individual coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species in clinical and subclinical mastitis. The material consisted of 100 CNS isolates obtained from 223 milk samples collected from cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis. Coagulase- negative staphylococci constituted 44.8% of all isolated microorganisms. CNS were isolated from the mammary gland secretions of 86 cows from farms in the Lublin region (Poland). Clinical mastitis was found in 20 whereas subclinical mastitis in 66 study cows (23.3% and 76.7%, respectively). The symptoms of clinical mastitis were mild. The clinical forms of mastitis concerned mainly the first or second lactation.Subclinical mastitis was most commonly observed during the second lactation. Four CNS species (S. xylosus, S. chromogenes, S. haemolyticus and S. sciuri ) were isolated from clinical and subclinical mastitis. S. xylosus was the commonest CNS species isolated from cows with clinical mastitis whereas S. chromogenes was the most prevalent one in subclinical mastitis cases. The three CNS species (S. warneri, S. hominis and S. saprophyticus) caused only subclinical mastitis.

scholarly journals Relationship of Serum Concentrations of Calcium, Beta-hydroxybutyrate and Glucose to the Occurrence of Mammary and Uterine Disorders during Early Lactation on Dairy Cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (41) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Gabriel Esnaola ◽  
Waldemir antiago Neto ◽  
Félix González
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

This study aimed to relate the serum levels of energy indicators (glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate) and calcium to the occurrence of uterine and mammary diseases in the transition period of Holstein cows. One hundred and fifteen Holstein cows from a commercial herd were monitored starting one week before calving and during the first 2 weeks after calving. The presence of subclinical mastitis was monitored for 3 weeks postpartum using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and somatic cell counting. Positive samples of subclinical mastitis were analyzed for bacterial identification. Clinical mastitis was monitored for 6 weeks postpartum, using data that were recorded by the farmer based on some established definitions. The presence of uterine disorders was identified for 3 weeks postpartum by clinical examination. Blood collections were made from all cows for determining calcium, glucose, and β-hydroxy-butyrate (BHB) the week before calving and twice during the postpartum (days 5 and 15 postpartum). A group of 70 healthy cows was used as control. Clinical mastitis was identified in 20% of the cows, subclinical mastitis in 10.4% and clinical metritis in 8.7% of the cows. The bacterial agents with the highest occurrence in subclinical mastitis cases were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. No relationships were observed between any of the biochemical metabolite studied and the uterine and mammary diseases in the cows during the studied period

scholarly journals Efficacy of three methods used to control staphylococcal mastitis in dairy goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2825-2832
Author(s):  
José Américo Barros Leite ◽  
◽  
Renata de Moraes Peixoto Araújo ◽  
Rodolfo de Moraes Peixoto ◽  
Daniel Maia Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Vaccine Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Group 1

Goat and sheep farming in Brazil relies on an expressive herd, especially in the Northeast region of the country, where small ruminants constitute a relevant economic activity, with milk production being an important source of income in some dry areas of the Northeastern states. However, there are still some sanitary problems in the management of dairy goats, among which mastitis is highlighted, especially that of the subclinical type. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of antibiotics, exclusively or in combination with vaccines, in the control of sub-clinical mastitis in small ruminants. The study was conducted on a rural property located in Santa Maria da Boa Vista-PE. Fifty-three female Saanen dairy goats were allocated into four experimental groups. An antibiotic therapy with a commercial antimicrobial based on cloxacillin was used in group 1. Group 2 received the commercial vaccine indicated for herds with an incidence of Staphylococcus strains and the same antibiotic described for Group 1. Group 3 was evaluated for the exclusive use of vaccination, and Group 4 was the control group. A microbiological examination of the milk was carried out to confirm cases of mastitis. The percentage of udders, infected by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (CNS) before and after the antibiotic + vaccine treatment was 42.8 and 7.1%, respectively. It was observed that the cloxacillin-based antibiotic could be used alone or in combination with mastitis vaccines to control staphylococcal mastitis in small ruminants. Vaccination alone was not effective in reducing the number of mastitis cases; therefore, a cross reaction against CNS was not observed. Thus, further studies to determine the potential of vaccines to control sub-clinical mastitis in small ruminants are necessary.

scholarly journals Etiology of Mastitis and Antimicrobial Resistance in Dairy Cattle Farms in the Western Part of Romania

Antibiotics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Corina Pascu ◽  
Viorel Herman ◽  
Ionica Iancu ◽  
Luminita Costinar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The present study aimed to determine the bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis and their antimicrobial resistance in the western part of Romania. Clinical mastitis was diagnosed based on local inflammation in the udder, changes in milk, and when present, generalized symptoms. Subclinical mastitis was assessed using a rapid test—the California Mastitis Test. The identification of bacterial strains was performed based on biochemical profiles using API system tests (API 20 E, API Staph, API 20 Strep, API Coryne, API 20 NE (bioMerieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France), and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). The prevalent isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus spp. (50/116; 43.19%), followed by Streptococcus spp. (26/116; 22.41%), E. coli (16/116; 13.79%), Corynebacterium spp. (9/116; 7.75%), Enterococcus spp. (10/116; 8.62%), and Enterobacter spp. (5/116; 4.31%). Phenotype antimicrobial resistance profiling was performed used the disc diffusion method. Generally, Gram-positive bacteria showed low susceptibility to most of the antimicrobials tested, except cephalothin. Susceptibilities to penicillins and quinolones were fairly high in Gram-negative bacteria, whereas resistance was observed to macrolides, aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines. The highest number of isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR), the resistance pathotypes identified including the most frequently antimicrobials used in cow mastitis treatment in Romania.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of clinical and subclinical mastitis in a rural property in Carambeí, State of Paraná

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e32310313411
Author(s):  
Djalma Cesar Clock ◽  
Gislaine Gabardo ◽  
Josiel Rodrigues da Luz ◽  
Giovani Mansani de Araujo Avila
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The aim of the present study was to diagnose clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis in a property in the municipality of Carambeí-PR. 86 dairy cows were diagnosed in two evaluations carried out on July 23 and November 4, 2020. The detection of clinical mastitis was performed by testing the black-bottomed mug, whereas the detection of animals with sub-clinical mastitis by the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and laboratory analysis of bacteria and fungi present. In the first evaluation, 9.4% of the animals had mastitis, while in the second 5.16% of the herd. The milk of the animals that tested positive were submitted to laboratory analysis. In the first evaluation, they were diagnosed with an incidence of 15% Escherichia coli, 15% Prothoteca / yeast, 23% Staphlococcus aureus, 46% Streptococcus agalactiae. In the second evaluation, there was an incidence of 25% Enterococcus sp. and 25% S. agalactiae, the other animals showed 50% Staphlococcus non aureus. There was a higher occurrence of subclinical mastitis in the property, in both evaluations. There was a reduction from the first to the second evaluation in the incidence of cases of subclinical mastitis and the cases of clinical mastitis were resolved. Contributing to the lower disposal of milk caused by the high somatic cell count.

Variations in the levels of acute-phase proteins and lactoferrin in serum and milk during bovine subclinical mastitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Aarsha Raj ◽  
Vinodkumar Kulangara ◽  
Tresamol P. Vareed ◽  
Deepa P. Melepat ◽  
Latha Chattothayil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Bacterial Organism

Abstract Variations in the levels of acute phase proteins and lactoferrin in serum and milk for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows are described in this research paper. Milking animals from two organized dairy farms in Kerala, India, were screened by California Mastitis Test (CMT), Electrical Conductivity test (EC) and Somatic Cell Count (SCC) test to identify animals affected with sub clinical mastitis (SCM). The concentrations of acute phase proteins (APP) Haptoglobin (Hp), C- reactive protein (CRP), Albumin, Lactoferrin (Lf) and α- 1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) in milk and Hp, Albumin, Serum Amyloid A (SAA) and CRP in the serum of 40 normal cows and 40 cows affected with sub clinical mastitis were assessed. Solid phase ELISA was employed for assessment of all parameters except the albumin levels, for which spectrophotometry was used. The values of Hp in milk; and SAA, AGP and Lf in serum, were significantly elevated in the group with sub clinical mastitis. Such variations were found to be independent of the specific bacterial organism causing the disease. These results show that significant variations exist in the levels of acute phase proteins Hp, AGP and Lf in milk, and SAA in serum of animals affected with subclinical bovine mastitis that are not affected by specific bacterial etiology.

scholarly journals Microbiological analysis and sensitivity profile of Staphylococcus spp. in subclinical mastitis of dairy goats

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-344
Author(s):  
S.R.S. Salaberry ◽  
A.B.S. Saidenberg ◽  
E. Zuniga ◽  
F.F. Gonsales ◽  
P.A. Melville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Sensitivity Profile

Subclinical mastitis in goats causes economic losses and risks to public health. Given the need for research that shows the most isolated staphylococci species and sensibility tests comparing the resistance between coagulase-negative (CNS) and positive Staphylococcus (CPS) goats with subclinical mastitis, the aim of this study was to identify the microorganisms isolated from milk samples of goats with subclinical mastitis, as well as define the staphylococci species and determine the sensitivity profile of Staphylococcus spp. to antimicrobials. To collect samples, tests were performed for mug of black background and California mastitis test (CMT), collecting milk from CMT positive animals. A total of 226 samples from seven herds of dairy goats was collected and forwarded to the laboratory, where they were seeded for the isolation of the microorganism and implementing the antibiotic sensibility test. Of these, 122 samples had bacterial growth and the most isolated staphylococci species were: S. epidermidis (24.55%), S. lugdunensis (15.40%) and S. intermedius (13.64%). Samples showed increased resistance to antimicrobials: penicillin (81.8%), oxacillin (60.0%) and ampicillin (55.5%). Greater sensitivity to: enrofloxacin (99.1%), erythromycin (98.2%), gentamicin (98.2%) and vancomycin (98.2%) were observed. The S. epidermidis showed higher antimicrobial resistance to amoxicillin and penicillin than S. lugdunensis and S. intermedius. Similar resistance in vitro between CNS and CPS was observed to most antimicrobials. It is important to control the overuse of antibiotics to prevent the emergence of resistant strains.

scholarly journals An Overview of Specific Pathogens in Goat Mastitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Cristiana Ștefania NOVAC ◽  
Sanda ANDREI ◽  
Nicodim Iosif FIȚ
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aetiological Agent ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Intramammary Infections

Goat milk ranks fourth in terms of global milk production and lately it has become increasingly popular among consumers. Unfortunately, mastitis is one of the most common diseases that affects dairy goats, with serious economic consequences and food safety matters. The prevalence of clinical mastitis is lower than 5% and the main aetiological agent is S. aureus. On the other hand, the prevalence of subclinical mastitis is between 5-30%, with coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) representing the most often isolated microorganisms.The aim of this paper is to highlight the main aspects regarding the aetiology of goat mastitis, as well as the importance of the milk somatic cell count (MSCC) in the diagnosis process. Although the inflammation of the mammary gland in goats is not as frequently diagnosed compared to cow mastitis, there are several aspects worth discussing in order to fully understand the pathogenesis of intramammary infections.

scholarly journals The presence of pathogens in milk of ewes in relation to the somatic cell count and subpopulations of leukocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tvarožková ◽  
Vašíček ◽  
Uhrinčať ◽  
Mačuhová ◽  
Hleba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Milk Samples

Mastitis is a major health problem of the udder in dairy sheep breeds. For diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, somatic cell count (SCC) is commonly used. The presence of pathogens in the udder causes the increase of leukocytes and thus SCC in milk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of pathogens in the milk of ewes and the possible relationship with SCC. The changes of leukocytes subpopulation in milk samples with high SCC were evaluated as well. The experiment was carried out on a dairy farm with the Lacaune breed. This study was conducted on 45 ewes (98 milk samples) without signs of clinical mastitis. Based on somatic cell count, samples were divided to five SCC groups: SCC1 &lt; 200 000 cells/ml (45 milk samples); 200 000 ≤ SCC2 &lt; 400 000 cells/ml (10 milk samples); 400 000 ≤ SCC3 &lt; 600 000 cells/ml (six milk samples); 600 000 ≤ SCC4 &lt; 1 000 000 cells/ml (six milk samples); SCC5 ≥ 1 000 000 cells/ml (31 milk samples). No pathogens were observed in the majority of milk samples (60.20%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most commonly isolated pathogens from the milk of ewes (86.11%). Staphylococcus epidermidis had the highest incidence from CNS (35.48%). In the SCC5 group, up to 79.31% of bacteriological samples were positive. The percentage of leukocytes significantly increased (P &lt; 0.001) in the samples with higher SCC (≥ 200 × 10<sup>3</sup> cells/ml) in comparison to the group SCC1. Also, the percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) was significantly higher with increasing SCC (P &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, the presented results showed that the high SCC was caused by the presence of the pathogen in milk. Thus SCC &lt; 200 000 cells/ml and leukocyte subpopulation, especially PMNs, could be considered as important tools in udder health programs applied in dairy ewes.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with the occurrence of multiresistant Staphylococcus spp. isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis in northern Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 901-910
Author(s):  
Lilian Bernardina Ferreira ◽  
◽  
Larissa de Freitas Santiago Israel ◽  
Renata Fernandes Rabello ◽  
Guilherme Nunes de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Staphylococcus bacteria are often associated with subclinical bovine mastitis. This study aimed to identify multiresistant Staphylococcus spp. associated with subclinical mastitis and the associated risk factors. Twenty-three dairy farms with a history of decrease in milk production, located in the lower Acre region, Brazil, were selected. An epidemiological questionnaire was provided in all farms. All animals were examined using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and their milk samples were collected for bacterial culture. After isolation and identification, the disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed against nine classes of antimicrobials. Of the 339 cows examined using the CMT, 108 had mastitis. A total of 229 milk samples were collected from individual teats. MALDI-TOF MS found isolates belonging to eight species of Staphylococcus, in 101 of these samples. S. chromogenes (58.4%) demonstrated strongest resistance to the nine classes of antimicrobial active principles. Nineteen isolates with multidrug resistance phenotypic profile were identified. This phenotypic expression indicates wide circulation of resistant genes in this species. The presence of multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus spp. in this study was correlated with lack of water for cleaning the corral, which is a preventive factor, minimizing the transmission and persistence of pathogens in the farms.

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