scholarly journals Ibuprofen increases the serum Omentin levels in rats after abdominal surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-599
Author(s):  
Mustafa Sit ◽  
Gulali Aktas ◽  
Bahri Ozer ◽  
Oguz Catal
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes ◽  
Laparotomy Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Circulating Levels

SUMMARY AIMS Omentin is an adipokine primarily produced by visceral adipose tissue and its reduced levels have been shown to be associate with worse metabolic outcomes. We aimed to study the effects of preoperative ibuprofen on postoperative omentin levels in rats after surgery. METHODS Forty-eight albino Wistar rats, 6 in each of 8 groups according to the surgical procedure (laparotomy, laparotomy plus ibuprofen (IBU), nephrectomy, nephrectomy plus IBU, hepatectomy, hepatectomy plus IBU, splenectomy and splenectomy plus IBU). The Omentin levels of the groups were postoperatively analyzed. RESULTS The mean omentin was significantly higher in the laparotomy plus IBU group compared to the laparotomy group (p<0.001). Mean Omentin was significantly higher in the hepatectomy plus IBU group compared to the hepatectomy group (p=0.01). Mean Omentin was significantly higher in the nephrectomy plus IBU group compared to the nephrectomy group (p=0.001). CONCLUSION We suggest that preoperative ibuprofen may enhance circulating levels of Omentin, which has beneficial effects in trauma and inflammation settings in subjects that undergo minor or major abdominal surgery.

scholarly journals Changes in Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase as a Mechanism of Visceral Obesity in Cushing’s Syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 4969-4973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blerina Kola ◽  
Mirjam Christ-Crain ◽  
Francesca Lolli ◽  
Giorgio Arnaldi ◽  
Gilberta Giacchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Ampk Activity ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Objective: Features of the metabolic syndrome such as central obesity with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia are typical signs of Cushing’s syndrome and common side effects of prolonged glucocorticoid treatment. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulatory enzyme of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as appetite, is involved in the development of the deleterious metabolic effects of excess glucocorticoids, but no data are available in humans. In the current study, we demonstrate the effect of high glucocorticoid levels on AMPK activity of human adipose tissue samples from patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Methods: AMPK activity and mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism were assessed in visceral adipose tissue removed at abdominal surgery of 11 patients with Cushing’s syndrome, nine sex-, age-, and weight-matched patients with adrenal incidentalomas, and in visceral adipose tissue from four patients with non-endocrine-related abdominal surgery. Results: The patients with Cushing’s syndrome exhibited a 70% lower AMPK activity in visceral adipose tissue as compared with both incidentalomas and control patients (P = 0.007 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively). Downstream targets of AMPK fatty acid synthase and phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxykinase were up-regulated in patients with Cushing’s syndrome. AMPK activity was inversely correlated with 0900 h serum cortisol and with urinary free cortisol. Conclusions: Our data suggest that glucocorticoids inhibit AMPK activity in adipose tissue, suggesting a novel mechanism to explain the deposition of visceral adipose tissue and the consequent central obesity observed in patients with iatrogenic or endogenous Cushing’s syndrome.

scholarly journals Anti-TNF-α Agent Tamarind Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor Improves Lipid Profile of Wistar Rats Presenting Dyslipidemia and Diet-induced Obesity Regardless of PPAR-γ Induction

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana M. C. Carvalho ◽  
Vanessa C. O. Lima ◽  
Izael S. Costa ◽  
Anna B. S. Luz ◽  
Fernando V. L. Ladd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
High Glycemic Index ◽  
Visceral Adipose

: The increasing prevalence of obesity and, consequently, chronic inflammation and its complications has increased the search for new treatment methods. The effect of the purified tamarind seed trypsin inhibitor (TTIp) on metabolic alterations in Wistar rats with obesity and dyslipidemia was evaluated. Three groups of animals with obesity and dyslipidemia were formed, consuming a high glycemic index and glycemic load (HGLI) diet, for 10 days: Obese/HGLI diet; Obese/standard diet; Obese/HGLI diet + TTIp (730 μg/kg); and one eutrophic group of animals was fed a standard diet. Rats were evaluated daily for food intake and weight gain. On the 11th day, animals were anesthetized and sacrificed for blood and visceral adipose tissue collection. TTIp treated animals presented significantly lower food intake than the untreated group (p = 0.0065), TG (76.20 ± 18.73 mg/dL) and VLDL-C (15.24 ± 3.75 mg/dL). Plasma concentrations and TNF-α mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue also decreased in obese animals treated with TTIp (p < 0.05 and p = 0.025, respectively) with a negative immunostaining. We conclude that TTIp presented anti-TNF-α activity and an improved lipid profile of Wistar rats with dyslipidemia and obesity induced by a high glycemic index and load diet regardless of PPAR-γ induction.

scholarly journals FABP 4 is associated with inflammatory markers and metabolic syndrome in morbidly obese women

2011 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximena Terra ◽  
Yunuen Quintero ◽  
Teresa Auguet ◽  
Jose Antonio Porras ◽  
Mercé Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Circulating Levels

ObjectiveThe adipocyte/macrophage fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) has been described as a biomarker for adiposity and metabolic syndrome (MS). The aims of this study were to assess the relationship between FABP4 and inflammatory cytokines related to obesity, and to evaluate FABP4 mRNA expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in non-diabetic morbidly obese women versus healthy lean women.MethodsWe analyzed circulating levels of FABP4 in 81 Spanish women: 38 lean (body mass index (BMI)<25 kg/m2) and 43 morbidly obese (BMI>40 kg/m2). We took 30 follow-up blood samples at 6 and 12 months after bariatric surgery. We assessed FABP4 gene expression in samples of subcutaneous abdominal and visceral adipose tissue. Adipose tissue mRNA expression was determined by real-time RT-PCR.ResultsIn morbidly obese women, plasma FABP4 levels were significantly higher than in non-obese patients. These levels positively correlated with BMI, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), and plasma glucose and insulin levels. Post-operative FABP4 levels decreased by a maximum of 30% after 12 months. We also found an inverse association between FABP4 and adiponectin levels, and positive correlations between FABP4 and circulating leptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 levels. Linear regression analysis revealed that FABP4 was more closely related to HOMA2-IR than adiponectin, CRP, TNF-RI, or leptin. Furthermore, high circulating FABP4 levels were associated with the presence of MS. FABP4 mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue was related to its circulating levels in morbidly obese women.ConclusionsOur results indicate that serum FABP4 is associated with inflammatory factors related to obesity and MS in non-diabetic morbidly obese women.

scholarly journals DXA-Derived Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) in Elderly: Percentiles of Reference for Gender and Association with Metabolic Outcomes

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Daniele Spadaccini ◽  
Simone Perna ◽  
Gabriella Peroni ◽  
Giuseppe D’Antona ◽  
Giancarlo Iannello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Visceral Adipose

This study aimed to establish the Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)-derived Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) reference values for gender and assess the metabolic outcomes associated to the VAT in a cohort of elderly patients. The sample included 795 elderly patients (226/569: men/women) aged 65–100 years (mean age 80.9 ± 7.5ys). Body composition measures and VAT were assessed by DXA and Core-Scan software. Biochemical analysis and a multidimensional comprehensive geriatric assessment were performed. VAT percentiles at the level of 5, 25, 50, 75, 95 were found in males at the following levels: 246, 832, 1251, 1769, 3048 cm3 and for females at 99, 476, 775, 1178, 2277 cm3. Moreover, this study showed that DXA-VAT was associated to a worsening of lipid, glycemic, hematocrit and kidney profile. Further studies will be needed in order to implement these findings in order to define the (DXA)-derived VAT levels associated to the frailty related risk factors in elderly.

scholarly journals The Effect of Vitamin D Administration on Leptin, Adiponectin and mRNA MCP-1 Levels in Adipose Tissue of Obese Female Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 541-549
Author(s):  
Luh Putu Ratna Sundari ◽  
Made Bakta ◽  
Nyoman Mantik Astawa ◽  
Putu Gede Adiatmika ◽  
Gusti Kamasan Nyoman Arijana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Obese Female ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Visceral Adipose

In obesity, there is an accumulation of adipocytes which produces adipokine that are pro-inflammatory substance, such as leptin and MCP-1 and anti-inflammatory substance, such as adiponectin, while the bioavailability of vitamin D is decreased. This research aimed to study the effect of vitamin D administration on leptin, MCP-1, and adiponectin levels in adipose tissue rats with obesity. Vitamin D was administered to the obese model of 6-9 months old female Wistar rats. This experiment was a randomized control group design with a post-test group design only. Twenty-seven (27) female obese Wistar rats were included in this study. The animals were divided randomly into 3 groups: 9 rats were given 2400 IU vitamin D (group A), 9 rats were given 800 IU vitamin D (group B) and 9 rats were given a placebo as control (group C). The administration of Vitamin D was given once daily for 8 weeks. The visceral adipose tissue was taken to measure the level of leptin, adiponectin and mRNA MCP-1. Data among groups was analyzed by using one-way ANOVA and followed by LSD test, at a significance level of p <0.05. The lowest level of leptin (1059.15+135.20 pg/ml) and mRNA MCP-1 (2.36 + 0.75 fg/ml) and the highest adiponectin level (3.43 + 0.47 ng/ml) were found in group A. In conclusion, oral administration of vitamin D (2400 IU) decreased pro-inflammatory substances, such as leptin and mRNA MCP-1 and increased anti-inflammatory substances, such as adiponectin, in visceral adipose tissue of obese female Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Adipocytes and intestinal epithelium dysfunctions linking obesity to inflammation induced by high glycemic index pellet-diet in Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Beatriz Santana Luz ◽  
Júlia Braga dos Santos Figueredo ◽  
Bianca Damásio Pereira Dantas Salviano ◽  
Ana Júlia Felipe Camelo Aguiar ◽  
Luiza Gabriella Soares Dantas Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
High Glycemic Index ◽  
Visceral Adipose

We investigated the inflammatory effect of a pellet-diet with high glycemic index and load (HGLI) on the histological organization of adipocytes, intestinal epithelium, and fat in liver and pancreas in adult male Wistar rats. Two groups (n=10) received for 17 weeks: (1) HGLI diet or (2) Standard diet (Labina®). Histological analyses of adipose tissue, jejunum, liver, and pancreas were performed. Stereology analysis, visceral adiposity index, gene expression, and immunohistochemistry of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in visceral adipose tissue and plasma TNF-α were also assessed. The HGLI diet-induced hypertrophy of adipocytes with adipocyte volume density equal to 97.0%, cross-sectional area of adipocytes equivalent to 1387 µm² and a total volume of adipocytes of 6.97 cm³ an elevation of 8%, 25%, and 58%, respectively. Furthermore, the HGLI diet increased liver and pancreatic fat deposition, altered and inflamed the intestinal epithelia, and increased TNF-α gene expression (P=0.014) with a positive immunostaining in visceral adipose tissue and high plasma TNF-α in comparison with standard diet. The results suggest that this diet was able to generate changes commonly caused to solid diets with high fat or fructose-rich beverages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature concerning the properties of low-cost, sucrose-rich pellet-diet presenting high glycemic index and high glycemic load efficient on the development of obesity complications in Wistar rats that were subjected to diet-induced obesity. Therefore, the HGLI pellet-diet may be considered an effective tool to be used by the scientific community in experimental research.

P730Decreased adiponectin levels and FDG uptake in visceral adipose tissue in familial combined hyperlipidemia compared to heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and normolipidemics

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Koutagiar ◽  
K Toutouzas ◽  
A S Antonopoulos ◽  
I Skoumas ◽  
E K Oikonomou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Background Adipose tissue regulates energy balance and glucose homeostasis via the secretion of circulating molecules, termed adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin. Excess adiposity and adipose tissue dysfunction have been involved in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemias. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with F-18-Fluorodeoxyglycose (FDG) has been used for the assessment of adiposity. Purpose To compare abdominal adipose tissue function assessed by FDG uptake with serum indices, such as plasma adipokines' levels in individuals with different subtypes of dyslipidemia and normolipidemics. Methods Seventy individuals (mean age 44±13 years, range 21–75, 43 men) with a clinical diagnosis of either heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (heFH) (n=38) or familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) (n=32), not under statins for at least one year, and 20 age and sex matched controls, were enrolled. Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue metabolic activity (SAT) was assessed with FDG-PET/CT imaging and was quantified by calculating the target-to-background ratios (TBR) in consecutive axial fat images between the proximal (cephalic) end of the L1 and distal (caudal) end of the L3 vertebrae by dividing the average of the mean standard uptake value (SUV) to the mean SUV of the vena cava. Leptin and adiponectin were measured in all the subjects. Results There was no significant difference of plasma leptin values between FCH, heFH and non dyslipidemics subjects (p=0.204). FCH had reduced adiponectin values compared to heFH patients and controls [median 5.7 IQR (3.9–7.6) vs. 13.1 (9.2–23.3) vs. 10.9 (6.1–19.1) μg/mL, respectively, p<0.001]. There was no difference in FDG uptake in subcutaneous adipocytes (SATTBR) between FCH, heFH and controls (p=0.161). In contrast, patients with FCH had reduced VATTBR values compared to heFH patients and controls (0.63±0.14 versus 0.81±0.17 versus 0.86±0.28, p=0.005). This difference remained significant even after adjustment for age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors (b=-0.428, p=0.001, adjusted R2=0.219). SATTBR was inversely correlated to leptin levels (r=−0.484, p<0.001), while no significant association was observed with adiponectin values (p=0.167). No significant associations were observed between VATTBR and either serum leptin (p=0.066) or adiponectin levels (p=0.254). Conclusions Visceral adipose tissue FDG uptake is reduced in patients with FCH compared to those with heFH and normolipidemics. In addition, serum adiponectin levels are lower in patients with FCH. These findings highlight the different pathophysiological role of visceral fat function in the two most common types of familial dyslipidemia and suggest that visceral fat could be an attractive target for the treatment of FCH.

scholarly journals Involvement of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Immunological Modulation of Inflammatory Cascade in Preeclampsia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Naruse ◽  
Juria Akasaka ◽  
Aiko Shigemitsu ◽  
Taihei Tsunemi ◽  
Natsuki Koike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Abnormal Placentation ◽  
Inflammatory Cascade ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Antioxidative Stress ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Objectives. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia is characterized by abnormal placentation, an exaggerated inflammatory response, and generalized dysfunction of the maternal endothelium. We investigated the effects of preeclampsia serum on the expression of inflammation-related genes by adipose tissue.Materials and Methods. Visceral adipose tissue was obtained from the omentum of patients with early ovarian cancer without metastasis. Adipose tissue was incubated with sera obtained from either five women affected with severe preeclampsia or five women from control pregnant women at 37°C in a humidified incubator at 5% CO2for 24 hours. 370 genes in total mRNA were analyzed with quantitative RT-PCR (Inflammatory Response & Autoimmunity gene set).Results. Gene expression analysis revealed changes in the expression levels of 30 genes in adipose tissue treated with preeclampsia sera. Some genes are related to immune response, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and adipogenesis, which plays a central role in excessive systemic inflammatory response of preeclampsia. In contrast, other genes have shown beneficial effects in the regulation of Th2 predominance, antioxidative stress, and insulin sensitivity.Conclusion. In conclusion, visceral adipose tissue offers protection against inflammation, oxidative insults, and other forms of cellular stress that are central to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Abstract P090: Change in Visceral Adipose Tissue and Change in Cardiometabolic Risk in a Minority Cohort: The IRAS Family Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen G Hairston ◽  
Janet A Tooze ◽  
Andrea Anderson ◽  
Jill M Norris ◽  
Jerome I Rotter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT), the more metabolically harmful fat depot, has been associated with a higher prevalence of diabetes, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose homeostasis. Higher levels of VAT are associated cross-sectionally with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, specifically hypertension and unfavorable lipid profiles. Research on the effects of change in VAT on CV risk factors is extremely limited and no studies have explored these questions in minority cohorts. The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family (IRAS Family) Study offered the opportunity to explore whether changes in VAT were associated with changes in CV risk, independent of changes in BMI, in a minority cohort. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained at two time points spanning a five year interval among African-American (N=295) and Hispanic-American participants (N=719), aged 18-65 years. The CV risk factors included 5-year change in insulin resistance (HOMA), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and systolic blood pressure (SBP). To account for family structure, we used mixed models stratified by gender to estimate change in CV risk factors as a function of change in VAT, adjusted for change in BMI, age category, race, physical activity level, smoking status, statin use (for HDL) and antihypertensive use (for SBP). The cohort was 62% female, with an overall mean age of 40 years at baseline. The mean (SD) changes in BMI and VAT over 5-years were 1.1 (2.6) kg/m 2 and 4.2 (31.0) cm 2 , respectively; the mean (SD) changes in HOMA, HDL, and SBP over 5 years were 1.3 units (2.8), 4.8 (9.3) mg/dL and 2.4 (12.7) mm Hg, respectively. On average, a one standard deviation increase in VAT (31 cm 2 ) was significantly associated with a 0.58 unit increase in HOMA in men (p<0.0001) and 0.42 unit increase in women (p=0.0048) in the adjusted model. A 31 cm 2 increase in VAT was significantly associated with a 1.8 mg/dL decrease in HDL in women (p=0.0007), but not in men (0.07 mg/dL increase, p=0.87). VAT change was not significantly associated with change in SBP in men or women. In this study of change in CT measured abdominal fat area in a large minority cohort, modest increases in VAT were significantly related to changes in HOMA and HDL, independent of changes in BMI. Further research is needed to determine whether preventing VAT accumulation may lead to improvements in glucose homeostasis and lipid profile.

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