scholarly journals Effect of 17% EDTA on removal of canal wall smear layer and calcium hydroxide dressing: part II

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Rosana de Souza PEREIRA ◽  
Gisela de Souza PEREIRA ◽  
Juliana Machado BARROSO ◽  
Carlos Henrique Siqueira BARROS ◽  
Márcia Gabriella Lino de Barros BORTOLOTTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Canal Wall ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Scanning Electron

OBJECTIVE: the aim of this study was to evaluate, by scanning electron microscopy, the effectiveness of 17% EDTA on removal of canal wall smear layer and calcium hydroxide dressing in different thirds of root canal. METHODS: Ttwenty-four premolars were instrumented in the cervical and middle thirds using Gates-Glidden drills. At the working length, the canal was widened up to # 35 file, followed by scaling up to file # 50. After instrumentation, the teeth were divided into four groups according to the treatment received: GI - irrigation performed with 5 ml of NaOCl 2.5 % ; GII - irrigation with 5 ml of 17% EDTA for 2 and a half minutes , submitted to agitation with file # 15, followed by irrigation with 5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl ; GIII - irrigation with 5 ml of NaOCl 2.5% , drying , application of temporary dressing of Ca (OH )2 with propylene glycol and sealing. After 5 days , removing the sealing irrigation with 5 ml of 17% EDTA for 2 and a half minutes , submitted to agitation with file # 15, followed by a final flush with 5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl ; GIV - irrigation with 5 ml of 17% EDTA for 2 and a half minutes , submitted to agitation with file # 15 , followed by irrigation with 5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl , drying and after use of the medication in Ca (OH )2 with the sealing and propylene glycol which was removed after 5 days performing the irrigation with 5 ml of 17% EDTA for 2 and a half minutes , submitted to agitation with file # 15, followed by using 5 ml 2.5% NaOCl . Next, the teeth were prepared and taken to the scanning electron microscope . RESULTS: The images revealed: Group I - a marked presence of smear layer in all three thirds, Group II - removal of almost all of the smear layer in the cervical third and removal of large quantity in the middle third, whereas in the apical third a large quantity of smear layer still remained however, in comparison with the other groups, this was shown to be cleaner; Group III - in the three thirds, the presence of smear layer was observed, which was shown to be much less compacted than that observed in Group 1; Group IV- in all the thirds there was reduction of smear layer and Ca(OH)2-based medication, and presence of several unobstructed dentinal tubules could be observed, demonstrating the second best result observed. CONCLUSION: It could be concluded that the use of 17% EDTA favored removal of the smear layer and intracanal medication residues in all thirds of the root canal.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Kebersihan Sepertiga Apikal Saluran Akar dari Smear Layer Menggunakan Sistem Aktivasi Ultrasonik dan Sonik

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Della Puspita ◽  
Rudy Djuanda ◽  
Angela Evelyna
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Activation Technique ◽  
Ultrasonic Activation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sonic Activation ◽  
Irrigant Activation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Irrigant activation is important for successful endodontic treatment. There are some of activation technique those are manual irrigation with needle irrigation and mechanics irrigation with sonic, and ultrasonic activation. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness between sonic and ultrasonic activation technique as irrigation activation for smear layer removal in apical third of the root canal. Fifteen mandibular premolars were used. NaOCl 2,5% and EDTA 17% was used as an irrigant. Sample were divided into 3 equal group (n=5) according to the final activation technique: group I as a needle irrigation  II as a ultrasonic activation, group III sonic activation. Root canals were split longitudinnaly and subjected to scanning electron microscope with 2000x magnification. Data were evaluated using statistics kruskall wallis and mann whitney. The result of this study shows there were statistically significant differences in staistics Mann Whitney on group III  were more clean than group II p < 0,05. Sonic technique more effective in removal of smear layer in apical third of the root canal than ultrasonic activation technicque. Important to noted the variant of irrigant and activation.

scholarly journals Propolis: A Smart Supplement for an Intracanal Medicament

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-329
Author(s):  
Alok Avinash ◽  
Harsha Munot ◽  
Rashmi Baranwal ◽  
Vijay Duggi ◽  
Alok Dubey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACT Introduction One of the most important factors for successful endodontic therapy is root canal cleaning. The difficulty involved in eliminating microorganisms, as well as their residual presence, warrants the use of root canal dressings after biomechanical preparation. Aim The aim of the study was to compare the diffusion ability between nonalcoholic calcium hydroxide—propolis paste, calcium hydroxide—saline paste, and calcium hydroxide—propylene glycol paste. Materials and methods For this proposed study, single-rooted extracted permanent teeth were randomly divided into three groups to fill the canals: group I: Calcium hydroxide—propylene glycol paste, group II: Calcium hydroxide—saline paste, and group III: Calcium hydroxide—propolis paste. After complete filing of the root canal, the pH values of the solutions in the flasks are measured at an interval of 3, 24, 72, 168 hours. Results After 168-hour interval, it was noticed that the mean pH obtained by calcium hydroxide—propolis paste was 10.54 (± 0.38), which was greater than calcium hydroxide—propylene glycol paste 9.70 (± 0.45) and calcium hydroxide—saline paste 9.16 (± 0.30) consecutively. Conclusion The nonalcoholic calcium hydroxide—propolis paste used during the study was able to diffuse through the dentinal tubules. Thus, it can be used as a vehicle for calcium hydroxide. How to cite this article Baranwal R, Duggi V, Avinash A, Dubey A, Pagaria S, Munot H. Propolis: A Smart Supplement for an Intracanal Medicament. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(4):324-329.

A Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Root Canal Wall Cleanliness after Calcium Hydroxide Removal Using Three Irrigation Regimens

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Medioni ◽  
Hrant Kaloustian ◽  
Hani Fouad Ounsi ◽  
Nada Naaman-Bou Abboud ◽  
Catherine Ricci
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Canal Wall ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide Removal ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Aims The aims of this in vitro study were to evaluate debris and smear layer elimination capability effectiveness of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) after calcium hydroxide removal from the root canal and to determine if ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid have any additional effects on debris and smear layer removal. Methods and Materials All irrigation regimens are associated with ultrasonics. Thirty-six pulpless single-rooted teeth were divided into three groups on the basis of the irrigation regimen, namely 5.25% NaOCl alone, 5.25% NaOCl with 17% EDTA pH 7 (NaOCl-EDTA), and 5.25% NaOCl with 50% citric acid (NaOCl-CA). All root canals were instrumented with the Protaper® rotary system (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) using a crowndown approach. The apical foramen of each tooth was enlarged to a size 30 with a 0.09 taper. After longitudinal sectioning, the dentin walls were microphotographed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at a 1500X magnification. Using a grid and a 5-step scale these microphotographs were scored by three investigators in order to evaluate debris and smear layer residuals. Data were statistically evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results In the coronal third the lowest score obtained with NaOCl-CA was similar to NaOCl-EDTA. When using NaOCl-EDTA, mean debris scores were similar to the control group (NaOCl) and lower than NaOCl-CA in the middle and apical thirds. Regarding the mean smear layer score, NaOCl-CA was the lowest in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds with a statistically significant difference (p< 0.001). Conclusion When the total surface of the root was evaluated, NaOCl-EDTA was superior in removing debris, but the association of NaOCl-CA enabled the most effective removal of the smear layer. Citation Naaman A, Kaloustian H, Ounsi HF, Naaman-Bou Abboud N, Ricci C, Medioni E. A Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Root Canal Wall Cleanliness after Calcium Hydroxide Removal Using Three Irrigation Regimens. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 January;(8)1:011-018.

An in vitro Evaluation of Microtensile Bond Strength of Resin-based Sealer with Dentin Treated with Diode and Nd:YAG Laser

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Anil Kumar ◽  
Maneesha Das ◽  
Sindhu Ramesh ◽  
Surendranath Garapati
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microtensile Bond Strength ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ah Plus

ABSTRACT Background Smear layer is a negative factor which prevents adhesion of the filling material to the dentinal walls. Recent advances in dental research have incorporated lasers as a potential adjunct in root canal treatment by removing the smear layer before filling the root canal system, enhancing the adhesion of sealers to dentin and improving the sealing ability. Aim To evaluate the microtensile bond strength of AH-Plus resin-based sealer to dentin after treatment with 980 nm diode and 1,064 nm neodymium-doped:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser in vitro. Materials and methods Thirty specimens prepared for three groups namely group I (control), group II (980 nm diode–lased specimens) and group III (Nd:YAG–lased specimens). One tooth from each group was observed under scanning electron microscope for evaluation of intracanal root dentin morphology. Remaining specimens were used for making microsections by hard tissue microtome. Specimens for groups II and III were lased with 980 nm diode and 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser. AH Plus sealer was applied onto specimens and mounted onto Instron universal testing machine for microtensile bond strength testing. Results were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. Results Group III Nd:YAG had maximum mean microtensile bond strength values (11.558 ± 0.869), followed by group II diode (9.073 ± 0.468) and group I control (6.05 ± 0.036). Statistically significant differences were seen among all the groups. SEM analysis shows removal of smear layer in both groups II and III. Conclusion Both Nd:YAG and diode laser were more effective than control group in improving the microtensile bond strength of AH Plus sealer to dentin. Clinical significance Lasers have the potential to increase the adhesiveness of root canal sealer to dentin surface, thereby improving the quality of root canal obturation. How to cite this article Maneesha D, Anil KG, Sindhu R, Surendranath G, Deepak S. An in vitro Evaluation of Microtensile Bond Strength of Resin-based Sealer with Dentin Treated with Diode and Nd:YAG Laser. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2): 183-187.

scholarly journals Analysis of pH and release of calcium of association between melaleuca alternifolia oil and calcium hydroxide

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Maiara GIONGO ◽  
Rogério Aparecido Minini dos SANTOS ◽  
Sandra Mara MACIEL ◽  
Marina de Lourdes Calvo FRACASSO ◽  
Fausto Rodrigo VICTORINO
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Introduction The use of intracanal medications with antimicrobial properties is essential for decontaminating root canals during endodontic treatment. Calcium hydroxide is used for this because of its excellent properties. Melaleuca alternifolia oil has shown medicinal importance by demonstrating antifungal and bactericidal action against proven human pathogens. Objective To evaluate the physical and chemical aspects such as pH and calcium release, of Melaleuca alternifolia oil associated with calcium hydroxide, during different time intervals. Material and method Calcium hydroxide powder was added to vehicles to reach a concentration of 72mg / 0.1mL. Three groups were formed: Group I: Calcium Hydroxide + Distilled Water; Group II: Calcium hydroxide + Propylene Glycol; Group III: Calcium hydroxide + Melaleuca oil. The pH of each group was measured after time intervals of 10 minutes; 24 and 48 hours; 7, 15 and 30 days after tooling by a pH meter. Calcium release was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry equipped with a calcium hollow cathode lamp. Data were statistically analyzed by using the Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn test. Result Group II showed high pH, similar to group III that remained uniform at 15 and 30 days. Calcium release that began after 24 hours, was similar in Groups II and III, and showed a peak release in 48 hours. Conclusion The association of Melaleuca oil with calcium hydroxide showed good results in the pH and calcium release analyses, and showed action similar to that of propylene glycol + calcium hydroxide.

scholarly journals SMEAR LAYER REDUCTION IN ROOT CANALS PREPARED WITH TRIANGULAR AND RECTANGULAR FILES AS EVALUATED BY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
MEITA HERISA ◽  
NONI MAHARANI ◽  
RATNA MEIDYAWATI ◽  
DEWA AYU NYOMAN PUTRI ARTININGSIH ◽  
KAMIZAR NAZAR
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Canal Wall ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Cross Section Shape ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objective: Root canal preparation procedures can produce a smear layer when in contact with the root canal wall, which can result in treatmentfailure. As such, the cross-section shape of the file may influence the production of smear layer. In this study, we compared the smear layer productionat the apical third of the root canal wall between files with a triangular or rectangular cross-section shape.Methods: Thirty-two human premolar samples taken from mandibles were divided into two groups whose root canals were prepared using fileswith either a triangular (One Curve®, n=16) or rectangular (Hyflex EDM®, n=16) cross-section shape. After preparation, the root canals were irrigatedwith a combination of 2.5% NaOCl and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The smear layers in the apical third of the root canal walls wereobserved using a scanning electron microscope and quantified according to the Foschi scoring system.Results: The Mann–Whitney U-test revealed a significant difference between root canal preparations using the different file shapes. The groupprepared with the triangular file produced lower smear layer scores compared with the group prepared with the rectangular file.Conclusion: Root canal preparations using files with different cross-section shapes (e.g., triangular and rectangular), followed by irrigation with 2.5%NaOCl and 17% EDTA, produced smear layers in the apical third area. However, root canal preparations using files with a triangular cross-sectionshape were shown to reduce smear layer production compared with files with a rectangular cross-section shape

scholarly journals Assessment of the Antibacterial Activity of Calcium Hydroxide Combined with Chlorhexidine Paste and Other Intracanal Medications against Bacterial Pathogens

2011 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Fernandes de Magalhães Silveira ◽  
Rodrigo Sanches Cunha ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Fontana ◽  
Alexandre Sigrist de Martin ◽  
Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Resistant Microorganism

ABSTRACTObjectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the in vitro antibacterial activity of four formulations of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] pastes against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus mutans. Methods: A broth dilution test was performed, and the lengths of time for different pastes to kill the microbial cells were recorded and statistically analyzed. The following medications were assessed: Group I – Ca(OH)2 + 2.0% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel; Group II – Ca(OH)2 + camphorated paramonochlorophenol (CMCP) and propylene glycol; Group III – Ca(OH)2 + propylene glycol; Group IV – Ca(OH)2 + saline. Results: The results showed that E. faecalis was the most resistant microorganism. Groups II and III eliminated all the microbial cells in 15 seconds. Group I took 45 seconds to eliminate E. faecalis. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, it was concluded that all the intracanal medications tested showed antibacterial activity. However, the association of Ca(OH)2 and PMCC or Ca(OH)2 and propylene glycol showed a better performance, since Groups II and III took a shorter length of time than the other groups to eliminate S. aureus and E. faecalis. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:1-7)

scholarly journals Comparison of smear layer removal ability of different agitation system in the apical third of the root canal using SEM: an in vitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Zaighum Raza ◽  
◽  
Shiraz Pasha ◽  
Kusum Valli ◽  
VijayaLakshmi Yartha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Group I ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Ultrasonic Irrigation

Introduction: Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) remains gold standard as a result of its antimicrobial effect and tissue dissolution properties, but it has no effect on inorganic portion of smear layer. Thus the combination of NaOCl and EDTA has been proven to have the perfect ability in removal of both organic and inorganic debris. These irrigants when used with conventional syringe irrigation were unable to penetrate the apical portion of the root canal, so new activation devices have come in the market which claims to be effective in delivering the irrigant to the working length. Objective/Aim: This study evaluated and compared the efficacy of recently introduced irrigation activation devices EndoActivator, Passive ultrasonic irrigation and Laser on removal of smear layer from the apical third of instrumented root canal using Scanning electron microscope. Methods: Forty three single rooted teeth were prepared with the help of protaper files and divided into four groups. Group I: EDTA only, Group II: Endoactivator, Group III: Laser, Group IV: Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI). Three specimens were not treated with any smear layer removal protocol and were immediately sectioned and sent for SEM examination. The remaining 40 samples from 4 groups after treatment with different activation system were also sectioned and sent for SEM examination. The data obtained were statistically analysed using Friedman’s test. Results: All the four groups removed smear layer and the laser showed best smear layer removing capability compared to other groups but was significant only with respect to control and group I (EDTA group without any activation) (p<0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, all the activation systems were able to remove the smear layer from the apical third of the root canal with laser showing the best result followed by Endoactivator and then PUI.

scholarly journals The Difference of Irrigant Solution between Red Pine Extract (Pinus densiflora) and Green Pine Extract (Pinus merkusii) Against Cleanliness of Root Canal Walls

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum ◽  
Setyabudi Setyabudi ◽  
Sukaton Sukaton ◽  
Yuline Krishartini
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pinus Merkusii

Background: Smear layer is an accumulation of organic material, debris, and inorganic material in root canal wall. Irrigant solution must be able to eliminate organic and inorganic materials. Herbal extract such as pine contain saponins that can dissolve organic and inorganic materials. Korea is a country that has used pine in this case red pine as an antibacterial medicament. In Indonesia, there are also green pine species. Purpose: To explain the differences in cleanliness of the root canals after irrigation using extracts of red pine (Pinus densiflora) and green pine (Pinus merkusii). Methods: This study used twenty-seven mandibular premolar teeth which were divided into 3 groups each group consisted of 9 premolar teeth. All samples were prepared using ProTaper for Hand Use and irrigated. Group I was irrigated using 2.5% NaOCl, group II was irrigated with red pine extract, and group III was irrigated using green pine extract. Tooth that has been prepared, were cut vertically into 2 and cut horizontally in 1/3 apical section. The root canal surface was observed using a scanning electron microscope. Photomicrograph was observed by three observers using a score and performed an analysis test. Results: There were no difference between red pine (Pinus densiflora) and green pine (Pinus merkusii) in root canal cleanliness with a significance value of 0.169 (p> 0.05) Conclusion: Red pine extract had the same smear layer cleaning power as green pine extract.

scholarly journals Microhardness and Fracture Resistance of Radicular Dentin Treated with Different Concentrations of Calcium Hydroxide in Endodontic Regeneration Procedures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (D) ◽  
pp. 324-329
Author(s):  
Sara N. Hashem ◽  
Maha Adel Elhousiny
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Endodontic Regeneration ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Group Group

Purpose: to reveal the effect of different concentrations of prepared calcium hydroxide pastes (70%, 50%, and 30%) used in regenerative endodontic on microhardness and fracture resistance of radicular dentin. Material and methods: Different concentrations of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) were prepared with measured pH, then forty eight single rooted teeth were prepared and randomized into three groups according to Ca(OH)2 paste concentrations (12 samples each) and 12 samples were availed as control group. Group I: root canal contained 30% Ca(OH)2 paste. Group II: root canal contained 50% Ca(OH)2 paste. Group III: root canal contained 70% Ca(OH)2 paste. Samples were stored at 37 0C with 100% humidity for four weeks for subsequent microhardness and fracture resistance tests. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction of microhardness  and fracture resistance between test groups and control group (P≤ 0.05), group III showed a  significant reduction  in both microhardness and fracture resistance compared to group I. However, there was no significant difference in pH between different concentration of Ca(OH)2. Conclusion: Increasing concentration of Ca(OH)2 paste can negatively affect microhardness and fracture resistance of radicular dentin in revascularization procedure.

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