New model of Oral Mucositis with 5-Fluorouracil chemo-induced in Wistar rats without the use of anesthesics

ABSTRACT Introduction: Oral mucositis (OM) is considered the most frequent acute side effect of the antineoplasic treatment, with ulcerative lesions resulting from a painful symptomatology, affecting the oral cavity in response to the Antineoplastic treatment. In order to study these side effects, experiments in animal models are necessary, using antineoplastic drugs for the induction of OM and anesthetics, mainly Ketamine and Xylazine, to perform scarification of the cheeks. Objective: The goal is to report an experimental model of induced OM, without the use of anesthetics for the scarification stage of the animal cheeks. Methods: Fourty five male Wistar rats, 7 weeks old and weighting 220g, were used, divided into 2 groups; with OM induced by 5-Fluorouracil intraperitoneal administration. Two days later, Group I was physically contained, in contrast, Group II were anesthetized with Ketamine and Xylazine, focusing on irritating the cheek mucosa using the tip of a sterile needle, in order to potentialize the development of OM. The animals were euthanized with an anesthetic overdose. Results: Concerning the experiment of 5-Fluorouracil chemo-induced of OM, where the irritation was performed by physical containment, without the use of anesthetics (Ketamine and Xylazine), the animals had a longer survivability and a rapid improvement of the side effects induced by chemotherapy. Conclusion: This new model is promising, considering that the use of anesthetics (Ketamine and Xylazine) showed a high mortality rate. In the absence of anesthesia, all the animals survived until the end of the experiment involving chemotherapy model with 5-Fluorouracil and physical restraint.

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The beneficial effect of a phytonutrient-rich product against cadmium chloride-induced hepatorenal toxicity

Ukrainian Journal of Nephrology and Dialysis ◽

10.31450/ukrjnd.4(72).2021.04 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 26-35

Author(s):

Omotayo Babatunde Ilesanmi ◽

Ridwan Abiodun Lawal

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cadmium Chloride ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Hepatic Injury ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Intraperitoneal Administration ◽

Control Group ◽

Group I ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Liver And Kidney

Abstract. This study was designed to investigate the hepatorenal protective effects of trévo, on cadmium-induced renal and hepatic injury in male Wistar rats. Methods. Fifteen healthy male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of five rats per group. Group I (control); group II (35mg/kg cadmium chloride (CdCl2); Group III (2 ml/kg trévo+ CdCl2. The rats were treated with trévo (2ml/kg orally) and administered CdCl2 3 hrs later. Twenty-four hours after the last administration rats were sacrificed and blood was collected via cardiac puncture and processed for hematological parameters and assessment of urea, creatinine (CREA), and uric acid (UA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and albumin (ALB). The liver and kidney were excised and processed for markers of oxidative stress. Results intraperitoneal administration of 35 mg/kg of CdCl2 caused a significant increase in serum concentration of urea, CREA, UA, AST, ALT, while the concentration of ALB was significantly lower (P<0.0001). CdCl2 caused a significant reduction in packed cell volume, hemoglobin while the total white blood cell count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils were increased. Oxidative stress was significantly pronounced in the liver and kidney of rats exposed to CdCl2 as observed in the high concentration of malondialdehyde, decreased concentration of glutathione, the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase. Pretreatment with trévo was able to significantly prevent the anemic, oxidative damage, renal and hepatic injury initiated by CdCl2. Conclusions. The study reveals that trévo is effective in attenuating cadmium-induced hepatorenal toxicity in male Wistar rats.

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Anticarcinogenic effect of probiotic fermented milk and chlorophyllin on aflatoxin-B1-induced liver carcinogenesis in rats

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511003953 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 107 (7) ◽

pp. 1006-1016 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

M. Kumar ◽

V. Verma ◽

R. Nagpal ◽

A. Kumar ◽

P. V. Behare ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Fermented Milk ◽

Hepatoprotective Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Time Interval ◽

Group I ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Aflatoxin B

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of probiotic fermented milk (FM) containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota, alone as well as in combination with chlorophyllin (CHL) as an antioxidant agent in male Wistar rats administered aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1). AFB1 was injected intraperitoneally at the rate of 450 μg/kg body weight per animal twice a week for 6 weeks, maintaining an equal time interval between the two consecutive AFB1 administrations. A total of 125 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to five groups, each group having twenty-five animals. Group I was offered FM containing L. rhamnosus GG and L. casei strain Shirota. Group II was administered AFB1 and served as the control group; group III was administered FM-AFB1, in which besides administering AFB1, FM was also offered. Group IV was offered CHL and AFB1, and group V was offered both FM and CHL along with AFB1. The rats were euthanised at the 15th and 25th week of the experiment and examined for the biochemical and hepatopathological profile. A significant reduction in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) was observed in the FM–CHL–AFB1 group compared with the AFB1 control group. FM alone or in combination with CHL was found to show a significant (P < 0·05) hepatoprotective effect by lowering the levels of TBARS and by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase, indicating that probiotic FM alone or in combination with CHL possesses a potent protective effect against AFB1-induced hepatic damage.

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Topical clobetasol: an overlooked cause of Cushing syndrome

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530321666210426131423 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Sergio Ghirardo ◽

Laura De Nardi ◽

Alberto Tommasini ◽

Egidio Barbi ◽

Gianluca Tornese

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Chronic Granulomatous Disease ◽

Oral Mucositis ◽

Cushing Syndrome ◽

Prolonged Treatment ◽

Granulomatous Disease ◽

Oral Corticosteroids ◽

Severe Oral Mucositis

: We describe the case of an 11-year-old boy affected by chronic granulomatous disease complicated by a Crohn’s like colitis needing prolonged treatment with oral corticosteroids. His therapy for the control of severe oral mucositis was based on topical clobetasol, which did not decrease once the steroids were discontinued. Two years after the oral interruption of the steroids, cushingoid characteristics persisted, the cause of which, after a thorough investigation, was found to be the persistence of the topical clobetasol oral gel. Several studies investigated the efficacy of topical clobetasol for immuno-related mucositis, but little is known about its pharmacokinetics and side effects. In this report, we have reviewed the literature, defining a maximum putative dose of clobetasol mucosal gel to avoid Cushing syndrome.

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A DOUBLE BLIND COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN INTRATHECAL BUPIVACAINE AND INTRATHECAL FENTANYLAS THE INITIAL DOSE OF COMBINED SPINAL EPIDURAL TECHNIQUE FOR LABOUR ANALGESIA

10.36106/ijsr/8921758 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 48-50

Author(s):

Niraj Kumar Mishra ◽

Sushil Kumar

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Fetal Distress ◽

Labour Pain ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Chi Square ◽

Double Blind ◽

Motor Weakness ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

Fetal Oxygenation

Introduction: Labour pain is among the most severe pain a woman can experience in her lifetime. Painful labour has decrimental effects on both mother and fetus leads to severe physical and psychological stress. Maternal hyperventilation in response to pain reduces fetal oxygenation and hypoventilation between contractions combined with decreased blood ow worsens fetal hypoxemia. It has been suggested that conning women to bed during labour may cause the labour to be longer and more painful with increase in abnormal presentation, instrumental deliveries and fetal distress. Aims And Objectives:The onset, quality and duration of their analgesic action. Incidence of unwanted effects like muscle weakness, hypotension, pruritus, nausea/vomiting, fetal bradycardia by the individual drugs. Materials And Methods: The study was conducted in the department of anesthesia, Darbhanga Medical College & Hospital, Laheriasarai, Bihar. Methods of collection of data (including sampling procedure if any) : After institutional committee approval and written informed consent from parturients and their relatives for the procedure the study was conducted and data were collected. Results: Duration of analgesia was found varying widely. It was 55±12.34 minutes in Group I whereas 75 ±14.36 minutes in Group II. The incidence of pruritus almost mild or negligible in both groups. The incidence of motor weakness in group II was 24 (80%) whereas in group I it was 10(33%). There was signicant statistics difference in motor weakness between two groups (p< 0.001) by Chi square test 9 with yate's correction. Other side effects differences between two groups were not statistically signicant. Summary And Conclusion:Both the drugs provided excellent quality of analgesia to the parturient in pain. The difference in duration of analgesia was signicant between the two groups statistically. Mean duration of analgesia lasted for 55 minutes in group I whereas in group II, it lasted for 75 minutes. Main side effects encountered in this study were motor weakness of longer duration in group II than in group I. Other side effects like nausea-vomiting were comparable to each other and were minimal in nature.

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Comparison of the Effects of Low Dose Methylprednisolone and Metoclopramide on Nausea and Vomiting and Respiratory Complications after Adenotonsillectomy

10.53350/pjmhs211592753 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 2753-2756

Author(s):

Shahid Adalat Chaudhry ◽

Madiha Zafar ◽

Usman Zeeshan ◽

Mubashar Iqbal ◽

Arooj Fatima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Pain Score ◽

Low Dose ◽

Operative Time ◽

Oral Intake ◽

Respiratory Complications ◽

Group I ◽

Male Patients ◽

Group Ii ◽

Mean Time

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of low dose methylprednisolone and metoclopramide on nausea, vomiting and respiratory complications after adenotonsillectomy. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration: The study was conducted in Divisional Headquarter Teaching Hospital, Mirpur AJK for duration of six months from December 2020 to May 2021. Methods: Total 150 patients of both genders underwent adenotonsillectomy presented in this study. Patients were aged between 3-15 years. Detailed demographics of enrolled cases age, sex and weight were recorded after taking informed written consent. Patients were equally divided into two groups. Group I had 75 patients and received 1 mg/kg IV methylpredinosolone and group II received 0.15 mg/kg metoclopramide among 75 patients. Post-operative effects on PONV were assessed and compared among both groups in terms of oral intake time, vomiting episodes, respiratory complications and side effects. Mean pain score was calculated by VAS. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 23.0 version. Results: There were 40 (53.3%) females and 35 (46.7%) males in group I with mean age 9.43±1.44 years while in group II 42 (56%) were females and 33 (44%) were male patients with mean age 8.04±3.36 years. Mean weight of the patients in group I was 23.08±4.61 kg and in group II mean body weight was 22.11±6.84 kg. Mean operative time in group I was 27.41±8.53 min and in group II mean time was 28.17±6.34 min. Post-operative frequency of vomiting and nausea was lower in group I 14 (18.7%) and 16 (21.3%) as compared to group II 21 (28%) and 24 (34%). Low pain score was found in group I 1.71±6.11 as compared to group II 3.02±4.09. Time to oral intake was higher in group II 2.98±3.48 hours as compared to group I 1.09±7.51 hours. Rate of respiratory complications and side effects were significantly higher in group II. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that the use of methylpredinosolone was effective among patients those underwent for adenotonsillectomy in terms of post-operative frequency of PONV, pain, respiratory complications and side effects. Except this low dose of methylpredinosolone were effective in earlier tolerance of oral intake. Keywords: Adenotonsillectomy, Metoclopramide, Methylpredinosolone, Oral Intake

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Ultrastructural study of the effects of cyclosporine in the brainstem of Wistar rats submitted to the ethidium bromide demyelinating model

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2008000300019 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 66 (2b) ◽

pp. 378-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Eduardo Fernandes Bondan ◽

Maria Anete Lallo ◽

Dominguita Lühers Graça

Keyword(s):

Ethidium Bromide ◽

Tissue Repair ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Saline Solution ◽

Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽

Post Injection ◽

Group I ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Myelin Debris ◽

Intracisternal Injection

The ethidium bromide-demyelinating model (EB) was used to study remyelination in the brainstem under the use of cyclosporine (CsA). Wistar rats were submitted to intracisternal injection of 0.1% EB or 0.9% saline solution, and others were taken as histologic controls (group I). Within those injected with EB, some have not received immunosuppressive treatment (II); some were treated by intraperitonial route with CsA (III.E - 10 mg/kg/day). Rats from group III.C were injected with saline solution and treated with CsA. The animals were perfused from 15 to 31 days post-injection collecting brainstem sections for light and transmission electron microscopy studies. After EB injection it was noted the presence of macrophages and non-degraded myelin debris, demyelinated axons, oligodendrocyte or Schwann cell remyelinated axons, groups of infiltrating pial cells, hypertrophic astrocytes and few lymphocytes. Tissue repair of EB-induced lesions in group III.E was similar to that of group II, but with the presence of a higher density of oligodendrocytes near remyelinating areas.

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New and safe experimental model of radiation-induced neurovascular histological changes for microsurgical research

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1177/0023677216656221 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 124-137

Author(s):

Sergi Barrera-Ochoa ◽

Irene Gallardo-Calero ◽

Andrea Sallent ◽

Alba López-Fernández ◽

Ramona Vergés ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Experimental Model ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Neurovascular Bundle ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Histological Changes ◽

Group I ◽

Radiation Induced

The aim is to create a new and safe experimental model of radiation-induced neurovascular histological changes with reduced morbidity and mortality for use with experimental microsurgical techniques. Seventy-two Sprague–Dawley rats (250–300 g) were divided as follows: Group I: control group, 24 rats clinically evaluated during six weeks; Group II: evaluation of acute side-effects (two-week follow-up period), 24 irradiated (20 Gy) rats; and Group III: evaluation of subacute side-effects (six-week follow-up period), 24 irradiated (20 Gy) rats. Variables included clinical assessments, weight, vascular permeability (arterial and venous), mortality and histological studies. No significant differences were observed between groups with respect to the variables studied. Significant differences were observed between groups I vs II–III regarding survival rates and histological changes to arteries, veins and nerves. Rat body weights showed progressive increases in all groups, and the mortality rate of the present model is 10.4% compared with 30–40% in the previous models. In conclusion, the designed model induces selective changes by radiotherapy in the neurovascular bundle without histological changes affecting the surrounding tissues. This model allows therapeutic experimental studies to be conducted, including the viability of microvascular and microneural sutures post radiotherapy in the cervical neurovascular bundle.

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POST-OPERATIVE PAIN RELIEF FOR LOWER ABDOMINAL SURGERY

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2005.12.03.5134 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 12 (03) ◽

pp. 340-345

Author(s):

ROBINA FIRDOUS

Keyword(s):

Pain Management ◽

Side Effects ◽

Pain Relief ◽

Abdominal Surgery ◽

Opioid Receptors ◽

Acute Pain ◽

Alternate Route ◽

Parenteral Route ◽

Group I ◽

Post Operative Pain

The severity of post-operative pain and the lack of efforts in relievingit have led to the involvement of Anaesthesiologists in the management of post-operative and acute pain. Parenteralopiates have been utilized for post-operative pain management. The identification of the opioid receptors on substantiagelatinosa has provided an alternate route i.e 1 the epidural route - for administering opiates. Objectives: To evaluateand compare the efficacy and side effects of parenteral Buprenorphine with those of Extradural Buprenorphine.Setting: Department of Anaesthesia, District Headquarter Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: The data was collected duringthe last three and a half years. Materials and Methods: Sixty adult patients of either sex and ages ranging from 35-45years, who underwent lower abdominal surgery, were randomly selected for the study. They were equally divided intotwo groups. Group I patients were administered Buprenorphine 0.3 mg through the epidural catheter in extraduralspace. Group II patients were given Buprenorphine 0.3 mg intramuscularly. Results: Buprenorphine through theepidural route gives better analgesia with fewer side effects as compared with the parenteral route.

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Clinical and Therapeutic Trial for the Efficacy of Narrow Band - UVB Phototherapy versus Systemic Therapy in Moderate and Severe Atopic Dermatitis of the Adult

Acta Medica Marisiensis ◽

10.2478/amma-2018-0003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 17-21

Author(s):

Gyula Laszlo Fekete ◽

László Fekete

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Side Effects ◽

Systemic Therapy ◽

Systemic Corticosteroid ◽

Corticosteroid Treatment ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Severe Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Therapeutic Trial ◽

Group I ◽

Uvb Phototherapy

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this clinical and therapy study was to evaluate the efficacy of NB-UVB phototherapy versus systemic therapy in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis of the adult.Material and methods: The subjects of the study were divided into two groups of 25 adult patients with moderate and severe atopic dermatitis according to the inclusion criteria. The first group of 25 patients were treated with systemic corticosteroids while the second group of 25 patients were treated with NB-UVB phototherapy. At the end of the study, after all the data were centralized, we performed a statistical analysis of the results, comparing the two groups as well as the efficacy of the different therapies.Results: In group I the clinical efficacy of the systemic corticosteroid treatment was achieved, on average, at 4 weeks in patients with moderate atopic dermatitis and at 6 weeks in patients with severe atopic dermatitis. In group II the clinical effecacy of NB-UVB phototherapy was achieved, on average, at 6 weeks for patients with moderate atopic dermatitis and at 8 weeks for those with the severe form. In both groups, the total IgE serum levels were elevated at the beginning, and they became normal throughout the clinical improvement. Remarkable therapy-related side effects were found in the first study group.Conclusion: We conclude that NB-UVB phototherapy had similar efficacy in treating moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis with minimal side effects compared to systemic corticosteroid therapy.

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A comparative study to ascertain the efficacy of intravenous dexmedetomidine versus intravenous tramadol to prevent post-operative shivering after laparoscopic surgery

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20192082 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 713

Author(s):

Kishore K. ◽

Syed Ali Aasim ◽

Manish Kumar J.

Keyword(s):

Laparoscopic Surgery ◽

Side Effects ◽

Comparative Study ◽

General Anaesthesia ◽

Power Number ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Envelope Method ◽

Level Of Significance

Background: Shivering is commonly encountered both after regional and general anaesthesia (GA) with a little higher incidence in patients receiving GA. The aim of study was to compare the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine and tramadol in decreasing postoperative shivering in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.Methods: Total 120 patients were included in this study. In order to get a 5% level of significance and 80% power number of patients required in each group was 40, with a total of 120 patients. Randomization of groups was done based on closed envelope method. Patients were allocated into three groups group I, II and III of 40 patients each. Patients in group I and group II were administered 0.75 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine and 1.5 mg /kg of tramadol in 100 ml NS respectively half a before extubation, while patients in group III did not receive any pharmacological intervention.Results: All three groups were comparable regarding distribution of age, gender, ASA grade and temperature at beginning and end of surgery and were non-significant.Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine seems to possess anti-shivering properties and was found to reduce the occurrence of shivering in patients undergoing general anaesthesia with minimal side effects although its anti-shivering effect was not superior to tramadol.

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