Voice challenge in transgender women: trans women self-perception of voice handicap as compared to gender perception of naïve listeners

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the self-perception of transgender women’s voice handicap in comparison to the voices’ gender perception by naïve listeners. Methods: 31 transgender women, who were first submitted to vocal acoustic assessment and had their voices recorded to measure fundamental frequency and standard deviations, were eligible to the study. Next, they answered to the Voice Handicap Index protocol, from which, at the end of data collection, the most suited questions to the daily demands of this population were selected. Subsequently, 50 naïve blindfolded listeners were exposed to the recordings and had to identify the voices as males, females or undefined. Descriptive statistics were applied to speakers’ characteristics and the Spearman's correlation coefficient was applied to the protocol scores and the speaker's voice identifications. Results: the mean fundamental frequency found was 172.40 Hz (SD=4.8Hz) and one third of the transgender women reported being satisfied with their voices. A moderate positive significant correlation was found in voices considered as males, and strongly significant and negative in voices considered as females. For the voices considered undefined, however, no significant correlation was found. Conclusion: transgender women’s self-perception of voice handicap is directly related to naïve listeners' perception of their voice gender.

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Fundamental frequency characteristics of infant non-distress vocalization during the first twenty-four weeks

Journal of Child Language ◽

10.1017/s0305000900001586 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 171-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Marsha Zlatin Laufer ◽

Yoshiyuki Horii

Keyword(s):

Fundamental Frequency ◽

Developmental Change ◽

Measurement Techniques ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Phonological Development ◽

Longitudinal Investigation ◽

Sources Of Variation ◽

The Mean ◽

Distress Vocalizations

ABSTRACTFundamental frequency (F0) characteristics of non-distress vocalizations produced by four infants during the first twenty-four weeks of life were examined. This study constitutes the beginning of a longitudinal investigation of phonological development displayed by these children from birth to two years. Vocalization samples were obtained from home and laboratory recordings. Period-by-period F0 melody plots and descriptive statistics for each utterance were derived from computer analysis. Mean F0 centred around 335 Hz, with little variation evidenced when data were pooled. Duration, within-utterance range and variability did show developmental change. Individual F0 fluctuations deviating from the mean were felt to be associated with the infant's state, activity levels, and changing vocal repertoire. Sources of variation among studies of infant F0 characteristics appear to be related to differences in sampling and measurement techniques.

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Idiopathic Parkinson's disease: vocal and quality of life analysis

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2012000900005 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 70 (9) ◽

pp. 674-679 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Luiza Furtado e Silva ◽

Ana Cristina Côrtes Gama ◽

Francisco Eduardo Costa Cardoso ◽

César Augusto da Conceição Reis ◽

Iara Barreto Bassi

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Fundamental Frequency ◽

Control Group ◽

Idiopathic Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Self Perception ◽

Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease ◽

The Voice

OBJECTIVE: To compare voice and life quality of male patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, with individuals without disease (Control Group). METHODS: A cross-sectional study that evaluated the voice of individuals with Parkinson's disease, the group was composed of 27 subjects, aged from 39 to 79 years-old (average 59.96). The Control Group was matched on sex and age. Participants underwent voice recording. Perceptual evaluation was made using GRBASI scale, which considers G as the overall degree of dysphonia, R as roughness, B as breathiness, A as asthenia, S as strain and I as instability. The acoustic parameters analyzed were: fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, and harmonic to noise ratio (NHR). For vocal self-perception analysis, we used the Voice Related Quality of Life protocol. RESULTS: Fundamental frequency and jitter presented higher values in the Parkinson's group. NHR values were higher in the Control Group. Perceptual analysis showed a deviation ranging. The vocal disorder self-perception demonstrated a worse impact on quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with Parkinson's disease have an altered voice quality and a negative impact on quality of life.

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The Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Voice-Fundamental Frequency

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/019459988709700406 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 97 (4) ◽

pp. 376-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Christopher H. Murphy ◽

Philip C. Doyle

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Fundamental Frequency ◽

Matched Control ◽

Vocal Folds ◽

Group Research ◽

The Mean ◽

Voice Fundamental Frequency ◽

The Voice ◽

Previous Group ◽

Age And Sex

Previous group research has shown that the mean voice-fundamental frequency (F0) for individuals who smoke is lower than that of age- and sex-matched nonsmokers. It is believed that this reduction in F0 is a result of edema of the vocal folds caused by tobacco smoke. This study investigated F0 changes during smoking and no-smoking periods. Data were collected before, during, and after a 40-hour period of no-smoking. Analysis of the voice recordings showed a rise in voice F0 for the two smoking subjects during the 40-hour no-smoking period. Age- and sex-matched control subjects did not show a rise in their F0 during the same tasks. Results suggest that the pitch-lowering effects of cigarette smoking may be reversed after as few as 40 hours of smoking cessation.

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Prevalence of Dental Caries among Slum Dwelling Children Aged 12-15 Years in Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India

International Healthcare Research Journal ◽

10.26440/ihrj/02_01/158 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 12-15

Author(s):

Mohsin Khan ◽

Afshan Qureshi

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Holistic Health ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Microsoft Excel ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dmft Index ◽

Descriptive Approach ◽

The Mean ◽

Spearman’S Correlation

INTRODUCTION: Dental caries, is a global health burden which hampers the holistic health of an individual and leads to complications later in life.AIM: To assess the dental caries status of children in slum-dwelling areas of Kolhapur district, Maharashtra, India.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive approach was conducted among 400 slum dwelling children aged 12-15 years using DMFT index, sterile instruments and ADA type III examinations. Descriptive statistics were applied using Microsoft excel. Data was then transferred into SPSS version 21.0 and the t-test (paired), Spearman’s correlation and Odd’s Ratio were applied to find significant associations, if any.RESULTS: The prevalence of dental caries was found to be 69.0%. Mean decay values were 3.02±1.22, whereas the mean DMFT was 1.77±1.2. A significant difference was seen between caries free and children affected with caries (p=04*, r=0.78). It was also observed that males were 2.1 times more prone to have a higher DMFT as compared to females.CONCLUSION: It is recommended that further studies be carried out among slum dwelling children of Kolhapur district, Maharashtra, India and specific dental education be imparted to them to improve their oral health.

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Initial Consanant Voicing Perturbation of the Fundamental Frequency of Oral Vowels and Nasal Vowels: A Controversial Case from Ban Doi Pwo Karen

MANUSYA ◽

10.1163/26659077-01502003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 39-59

Author(s):

Phanintra Teeranon

Keyword(s):

Fundamental Frequency ◽

Acoustic Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Vowel Duration ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Acoustic Characteristics ◽

Nasal Vowels ◽

Younger Age ◽

The Mean ◽

The Voice

This paper aims to analyze the acoustic characteristics of initial consonant voicing perturbation of the fundamental frequency of oral vowels and nasal vowels of Ban Doi Pwo Karen. Three age groups of informants were selected: over-sixty years old (>60), middle aged (35-45), and under-twenty years old (<20). The acoustic analysis method was employed to analyze the mean vowel duration (msec), mean vowel amplitude (dB), and mean vowel fundamental frequency (Hz). The results show that voiceless initial consonants tend to cause a lower fundamental frequency than that of the voiced initial consonants. This has excited controversy concerning the tonogenesis theory of initial voicing perturbation on vowels. However, it was later found that the vowels followed by voiceless initial consonants were breathy and it was the voice register of vowels that caused the low fundamental frequency values. In contrast to other studies, the nasal vowels were not always higher in fundamental frequency when compared to oral vowels. In all age groups, nasal vowels following either voiceless or voiced consonants were found to be higher in fundamental frequency than oral vowels, except in the younger age group where the fundamental frequency of nasal vowels following voiced consonants was lower than that of the oral vowels following voiced consonants.

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Modeling the Fundamental Frequency of the Voice

Contemporary Psychology ◽

10.1037/021449 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 27 (9) ◽

pp. 690-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Janet Pierrehumbert ◽

Mark Liberman

Keyword(s):

Fundamental Frequency ◽

The Voice

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GAMBARAN BEBAN KERJA MENTAL PADA DOSEN FAKULTAS X UNIVERSITAS X

Journal of Nursing Care ◽

10.24198/jnc.v2i3.19013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Kartiani Dewi ◽

Suryani S ◽

Ahmad Yamin

Keyword(s):

Community Service ◽

Mental Workload ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Mean Value ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Large Contribution ◽

Mean Dimension ◽

The Mean ◽

Quantitative Descriptive ◽

University Lecturers

Lecturers are responsible for implementing the three main responsibilities in university (Tridharma Perguruan Tinggi) with 12 credits to 16 credits each semester. However, many lecturers feel that the workload is very excessive. The purpose of this study was to describe the mental workload of lecturers at the Faculty of X Padjadjaran University. The method of this research was quantitative descriptive by using a total sampling technique involving 43 lecturers. Data collection used NASA-TLX instruments. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results of the study showed that overall the mental workload of the Faculty of X Padjadjaran University lecturers was included in the high category both in education and teaching assignments (74.4%), research assignments (76.7%), and community service assignments (74.4%). ) Effort dimensions have the highest mean value that is equal to 51.8, while the dimensions that have the lowest mean are Perfomance dimension, namely 9.4, where the greater the mean dimension shows the large contribution in the mental workload felt by the lecturer. The conclusions, this study show that most lecturers have a high mental workload. It is suggested that the lecturers need to have balance numbers of tasks according to their abilities, balance the time working with recreation, and meet the needs of rest. The results of this study need to be followed up by examining methods or efforts that can reduce the lecturers' mental workload.

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Descriptive statistics

10.1093/oso/9780198785699.003.0003 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Gelman ◽

Deborah Nolan

Keyword(s):

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Metabolic Rates ◽

World Record ◽

Linear Combinations ◽

Record Times ◽

Starting Point ◽

Statistics Course ◽

Scatter Plots ◽

Economic Indexes ◽

The Mean

Descriptive statistics is the typical starting point for a statistics course, and it can be tricky to teach because the material is more difficult than it first appears. The activities in this chapter focus more on the topics of data displays and transformations, rather than the mean, median, and standard deviation, which are covered easily in a textbook and on homework assignments. Specific topics include: distributions and handedness scores; extrapolation of time series and world record times for the mile run; linear combinations and economic indexes; scatter plots and exam scores; and logarithmic transformations and metabolic rates.

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P170 The validity and utility of the SLE-key® rule-out serological test when applied in a selected cohort of patients with SLE and other connective tissue diseases

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/keab247.165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 60 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Sheilla Achieng ◽

John A Reynolds ◽

Ian N Bruce ◽

Marwan Bukhari

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Connective Tissue ◽

Connective Tissue Disease ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Connective Tissue Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Myositis ◽

The Mean ◽

Negative Rule ◽

Spearman’S Correlation ◽

Rule Out

Abstract Background/Aims We aimed to establish the validity of the SLE-key® rule-out test and analyse its utility in distinguishing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) from other autoimmune rheumatic connective tissue diseases. Methods We used data from the Lupus Extended Autoimmune Phenotype (LEAP) study, which included a representative cross-sectional sample of patients with a variety of rheumatic connective tissue diseases, including SLE, mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), inflammatory myositis, systemic sclerosis, primary Sjögren’s syndrome and undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD). The modified 1997 ACR criteria were used to classify patients with SLE. Banked serum samples were sent to Immune-Array’s CLIA- certified laboratory Veracis (Richmond, VA) for testing. Patients were assigned test scores between 0 and 1 where a score of 0 was considered a negative rule-out test (i.e. SLE cannot be excluded) whilst a score of 1 was assigned for a positive rule-out test (i.e. SLE excluded). Performance measures were used to assess the test’s validity and measures of association determined using linear regression and Spearman’s correlation. Results Our study included a total of 155 patients of whom 66 had SLE. The mean age in the SLE group was 44.2 years (SD 13.04). 146 patients (94.1%) were female. 84 (54.2%) patients from the entire cohort had ACR SLE scores of ≤ 3 whilst 71 (45.8%) had ACR SLE scores ≥ 4. The mean ACR SLE total score for the SLE patients was 4.85 (SD 1.67), ranging from 2 to 8, with mean disease duration of 12.9 years. The Sensitivity of the SLE-Key® Rule-Out test in diagnosing SLE from other connective tissue diseases was 54.5%, specificity was 44.9%, PPV 42.4% and NPV 57.1 %. 45% of the SLE patients had a positive rule-out test. SLE could not be ruled out in 73% of the MCTD patients whilst 51% of the UCTD patients had a positive Rule-Out test and >85% of the inflammatory myositis patients had a negative rule-out test. ROC analysis generated an AUC of 0.525 illustrating weak class separation capacity. Linear regression established a negative correlation between the SLE-key Rule-Out score and ACR SLE total scores. Spearman’s correlation was run to determine the relationship between ACR SLE total scores and SLE-key rule-out score and showed very weak negative correlation (rs = -0.0815, n = 155, p = 0.313). Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that when applied in clinical practice in a rheumatology CTD clinic setting, the SLE-key® rule-out test does not accurately distinguish SLE from other CTDs. The development of a robust test that could achieve this would be pivotal. It is however important to highlight that the test was designed to distinguish healthy subjects from SLE patients and not for the purpose of differentiating SLE from other connective tissue diseases. Disclosure S. Achieng: None. J.A. Reynolds: None. I.N. Bruce: Other; I.N.B is a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator and is funded by the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre. M. Bukhari: None.

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Perception of the Online Learning Environment of Nursing Students in Slovenia: Validation of the DREEM Questionnaire

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9080998 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 998

Author(s):

Lucija Gosak ◽

Nino Fijačko ◽

Carolina Chabrera ◽

Esther Cabrera ◽

Gregor Štiglic

Keyword(s):

Nursing Students ◽

Nursing Student ◽

Student Perception ◽

Psychometric Testing ◽

Educational Environment ◽

Educational Process ◽

Survey Questionnaire ◽

Self Perception ◽

The Mean ◽

High Degree

At the time of the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic, several measures were in place to limit the spread of the virus, such as lockdown and restriction of social contacts. Many colleges thus had to shift their education from personal to online form overnight. The educational environment itself has a significant influence on students’ learning outcomes, knowledge, and satisfaction. This study aims to validate the tool for assessing the educational environment in the Slovenian nursing student population. To assess the educational environment, we used the DREEM tool distributed among nursing students using an online platform. First, we translated the survey questionnaire from English into Slovenian using the reverse translation technique. We also validated the DREEM survey questionnaire. We performed psychometric testing and content validation. I-CVI and S-CVI are at an acceptable level. A high degree of internal consistency was present, as Cronbach’s alpha was 0.951. The questionnaire was completed by 174 participants, of whom 30 were men and 143 were women. One person did not define gender. The mean age of students was 21.1 years (SD = 3.96). The mean DREEM score was 122.2. The mean grade of student perception of learning was 58.54%, student perception of teachers was 65.68%, student academic self-perception was 61.88%, student perception of the atmosphere was 60.63%, and social self-perception of students was 58.93%. Although coronavirus has affected the educational process, students still perceive the educational environment as positive. Nevertheless, there is still room for improvement in all assessed areas.

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