Factors associated with risk, perception and knowledge of falls in elderly people

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the factors associated with risk, perception, and knowledge of falls; and pain among older adults. Method: A cross-sectional study carried out in the Emergency Service of a teaching hospital in the city of São Paulo between September 2019 and March 2020. We selected 197 older adults aged 65 and over, who were not disoriented or confused, of both genders. The instruments Awareness Questionnaire on the Risk of Falls, Morse Fall Scale and Numerical Pain Scales were applied. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. Results: Interviewees with a high risk of falls in older adults (p = 0.0041); those with a support network had a lower perception and knowledge about the risk of falls (p = 0.0025) and lower percentage of severe pain (p = 0.0033). Conclusion: Factors associated with risk, perception and knowledge of falls and pain among older adults were age, family income, number of dependents, caregiver, support network, hypertension, impaired walking, antihypertensive medication, lipid-lowering medication, level of education, comorbidities and religion.

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Factors associated with sarcopenia screened by finger-circle test among middle-aged and older adults: a population-based multisite cross-sectional survey in Japan

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10844-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Daiki Watanabe ◽

Tsukasa Yoshida ◽

Takashi Nakagata ◽

Naomi Sawada ◽

Yosuke Yamada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Mail Surveys ◽

Osaka Prefecture ◽

Middle Aged Adults

AbstractBackgroundPrevious epidemiological studies have demonstrated the prevalence and relationship of various factors associated with sarcopenia in older adults; however, few have examined the status of sarcopenia in middle-aged adults. In this study, we aimed to, 1) evaluate the validity of the finger-circle test, which is potentially a useful screening tool for sarcopenia, and 2) determine the prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in middle-aged and older adults.MethodsWe conducted face-to-face surveys of 525 adults, who were aged 40–91 years and resided in Settsu City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan to evaluate the validity of finger-circle test. The finger-circle test evaluated calf circumference by referring to an illustration printed on the survey form. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) was plotted to evaluate the validity of the finger-circle test for screening sarcopenia and compared to that evaluated by skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) measured using bioimpedance. We also conducted multisite population-based cross-sectional anonymous mail surveys of 9337 adults, who were aged 40–97 years and resided in Settsu and Hannan Cities, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Participants were selected through stratified random sampling by sex and age in the elementary school zones of their respective cities. We performed multiple logistic regression analysis to explore associations between characteristics and prevalence of sarcopenia.ResultsSarcopenia, defined by SMI, was moderately predicted by a finger-circle test response showing that the subject’s calf was smaller than their finger-circle (AUROC: 0.729, < 65 years; 0.653, ≥65 years); such subjects were considered to have sarcopenia. In mail surveys, prevalence of sarcopenia screened by finger-circle test was higher in older subjects (approximately 16%) than in middle-aged subjects (approximately 8–9%). In a multiple regression model, the factors associated with sarcopenia were age, body mass index, smoking status, self-reported health, and number of meals in all the participants.ConclusionsSarcopenia, screened by the finger-circle test, was present not only among older adults but also among middle-aged adults. These results may provide useful indications for developing public health programs, not only for the prevention, but especially for the management of sarcopenia.Trial registrationUMIN000036880, registered prospectively May 29, 2019, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000042027

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Reference values and factors associated with hand grip strength among older adults living in southeastern Poland

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89408-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Agnieszka Wiśniowska-Szurlej ◽

Agnieszka Ćwirlej-Sozańska ◽

Justyna Kilian ◽

Natalia Wołoszyn ◽

Bernard Sozański ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Older People ◽

Reference Values ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normative Values ◽

Dominant Hand ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

AbstractHandgrip strength (HGS) is used as a biomarker for the state of health of older people, but the number of research publications containing the normative values of HGS in older adult populations is limited. The aim of the study was to define reference values and factors associated with HGS in older adults living in southeastern Poland. A cross-sectional study including 405 participants aged 65 and older was conducted. Handgrip strength for the dominant hand was assessed by the average of three trials using a JAMAR dynamometer. The sample was categorized into the following age groups: 65–69 years, 70–74 years, 75–79 years, 80–84 years, 85 and over. The average HGS was 19.98 kg (16.91 kg for women and 26.19 kg for men). There was a decrease in handgrip strength across the age range in both sexes. The average handgrip strength of the older people was 17.97 kg (14.47 kg for women and 25.66 kg for men) for those aged 80–85 and 16.68 kg (13.51 kg for women and 21.77 kg for men) in the group over 85 years old. In both sexes, marital status was an independent factor associated with reduced handgrip strength. In conclusion, this study described, for the first time, handgrip strength values for the southeastern Polish population aged ≥ 65 years according to age and gender.

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Abstract P347: Sex Differences in Barriers to Antihypertensive Medication Adherence: Findings from the Cohort Study of Medication Adherence among Older Adults (CoSMO)

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.127.suppl_12.ap347 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth W Holt ◽

Cara Joyce ◽

Adriana Dornelles ◽

Donald E Morisky ◽

Larry S Webber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Medication Adherence ◽

Antihypertensive Medication ◽

Administrative Databases ◽

Medication Cost ◽

Lifestyle Modifications ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Men And Women ◽

Factors Associated

Objectives: We assessed whether socio-demographic, clinical, health care system, psychosocial, and behavioral factors are differentially associated with low antihypertensive medication adherence scores among older men and women. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using baseline data from the Cohort Study of Medication Adherence in Older Adults (CoSMO, n=2,194). Low antihypertensive medication adherence was defined as a score <6 on the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Risk factors for low adherence were collected using telephone surveys and administrative databases. Results: The prevalence of low medication adherence scores did not differ by sex [15.0% (193 of 1,283) in women and 13.1% (119 of 911) in men p=0.208]. In sex-specific multivariable models, having issues with medication cost and practicing fewer lifestyle modifications for blood pressure control were associated with low adherence scores among both men and women. Factors associated with low adherence scores in men but not women included reduced sexual functioning (OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.31, 3.16 for men and OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.82 for women), and BMI ≥25 (OR = 3.23; 95% CI: 1.59, 6.59 for men and 1.23; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.85 for women). Factors associated with low adherence scores in women but not men included dissatisfaction with communication with their healthcare provider (OR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.65 for women and OR =1.16 95% CI: 0.57, 2.34 for men) and depressive symptoms (OR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.55, 3.38 for women and OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.48, 1.80 for men). Conclusion: Factors associated with low antihypertensive medication adherence scores differed by sex. Interventions designed to improve adherence in older adults should be tailored to account for the sex of the target population.

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Prevalence of household falls in long-lived adults and association with extrinsic factors

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1518-8345.1646.2900 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Silviane Galvan Pereira ◽

Claudia Benedita dos Santos ◽

Marlene Doring ◽

Marilene Rodrigues Portella

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Household Survey ◽

Population Based ◽

Multiple Model ◽

Human Beings ◽

Extrinsic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Selection Of Variables

Resume Objective: to identify the prevalence of falls among older adults and the extrinsic factors associated with them. Method: population-based cross-sectional study with 350 older adults. A household survey was conducted using a questionnaire addressing socio-demographic, clinical, and environmental characteristics. Data were analyzed using Stata Software V.10. Pearson’s chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used with stepwise criteria for selection of variables in the model, with measures of effect expressed in Prevalence Ratio. For input into the multiple model, the variables with p ≤ 0.20 were considered. All ethical care regarding research on human beings has been observed and respected. Results: the prevalence of falls was 46.9%. The extrinsic factors associated with falls were: stairs, uneven floor and pets in the main entrance, lack of anti-slip loose throw rugs and slippery floor in the kitchen, lack of anti-slip loose throw rugs and objects on the floor in the room, lack of grab bars in the shower, lack of grab bars in the toilet and switch away from the bathroom door (p <0.05). Conclusion: falls are frequent in long-lived adults. The identification of the extrinsic factors associated with the occurrence of this event can help in its prevention.

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Quality of life of children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2018-314934 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 104 (2) ◽

pp. 134-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Anna Francis ◽

Madeleine S Didsbury ◽

Anita van Zwieten ◽

Kerry Chen ◽

Laura J James ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Family Income ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Kidney Transplants ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

ObjectiveThe aim was to compare quality of life (QoL) among children and adolescents with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and determine factors associated with changes in QoL.DesignCross-sectional.SettingThe Kids with CKD study involved five of eight paediatric nephrology units in Australia and New Zealand.PatientsThere were 375 children and adolescents (aged 6–18 years) with CKD, on dialysis or transplanted, recruited between 2013 and 2016.Main outcome measuresOverall and domain-specific QoL were measured using the Health Utilities Index 3 score, with a scale from −0.36 (worse than dead) to 1 (perfect health). QoL scores were compared between CKD stages using the Mann-Whitney U test. Factors associated with changes in QoL were assessed using multivariable linear and ordinal logistic regression.ResultsQoL for those with CKD stages 1–2 (n=106, median 0.88, IQR 0.63–0.96) was higher than those on dialysis (n=43, median 0.67, IQR 0.39–0.91, p<0.001), and similar to those with kidney transplants (n=135, median 0.83, IQR 0.59–0.97, p=0.4) or CKD stages 3–5 (n=91, 0.85, IQR 0.60–0.98). Reductions were most frequent in the domains of cognition (50%), pain (42%) and emotion (40%). The risk factors associated with decrements in overall QoL were being on dialysis (decrement of 0.13, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.25, p=0.02), lower family income (decrement of 0.10, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.15, p=0.002) and short stature (decrement of 0.09, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.16, p=0.02).ConclusionsThe overall QoL and domains such as pain and emotion are substantially worse in children on dialysis compared with earlier stage CKD and those with kidney transplants.

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Prevalence and factors associated with chronic wounds in older adults in primary care

Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP ◽

10.1590/s1980-220x2017051303415 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chrystiany Plácido de Brito Vieira ◽

Telma Maria Evangelista de Araújo

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Primary Care ◽

Chronic Wounds ◽

Family Income ◽

Family Health ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Diabetic Ulcer ◽

Dietary Restrictions

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the prevalence of pressure injuries, diabetic and vasculogenic ulcers and associated factors in older adults attended in primary care. Method: A cross-sectional, analytical study with older adults attended in the Family Health Strategy in a Brazilian municipality. Data collection was performed from January to March 2016 using interviews and evaluations of injuries. The variables were submitted to the multivariate logistic regression model using the odds ratio, with their respective 95% confidence intervals and significance set at <0.05. Results: 339 older adults participated in the study. The mean age was 71.1 years, 67.3% were female, 44% were illiterate, 85% had low family income, 91.7% had underlying diseases, 37.2% had dietary restrictions, and 76.1% did not practice physical activity. The prevalence of pressure injury was 5.0%, diabetic ulcer 3.2%, and vasculogenic ulcer 2.9%. Not working and not regularly practicing physical activity increased the chances of presenting these injuries by 1.5 and 2.3 times, respectively. Being actively mobility and not having dietary restrictions were protective factors for not developing chronic wounds. Conclusion: The prevalence of injuries among older adults was high, and its occurrence is associated with socioeconomic and clinical characteristics.

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Reliability of HOME FAST BRAZIL—Self-Reported Version for Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.713202 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Karina Stella Aoki Ferreira ◽

Tamires Terezinha Gallo da Silva ◽

Jarbas Melo Filho ◽

Natacha Verônica Bazanella ◽

Audrin Said Vojciechowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Environmental Risks ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rater Reliability ◽

Risk Of Falls ◽

History Of ◽

Spearman Test ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Objective: Verify the intra- and inter-rater reliability of the HOME FAST BRAZIL—Self-reported version and correlate household environmental risks with the history of falls by community-dwelling older adults.Method: Cross sectional study with 50 community-dwelling older adults who were screened by the cut-off point of the Mini Mental State Exam and replied to the HOME FAST BRAZIL—Self-reported version using two evaluators, on three occasions. The reliability analysis was determined by the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC), considering ICC > 0.70 as adequate. To test the correlations, the Spearman test was used.Results: The mean age of the participants was 73.2 ± 5.8 years. The inter- rater reliability of HOME FAST BRAZIL—Self-reported version was ICC 0.83 (IC95%, 0.70–0.90) and the Intra- reliability ICC 0.85 (IC95%, 0.74–0.91). A risk of falls was verified in 88% of the sample and four environmental risks presented significant correlations with the history of falls.Conclusions: The HOME FAST BRAZIL—Self-reported version presented adequate reliability for the evaluation of household environmental risks for community-dwelling older adults. Risks such as inadequate armchairs/ sofas, the absence of anti-slip mats in the shower recess, the presence of pets and inadequate beds require attention in the evaluation of household risks, due to their correlation with the occurrence of falls.

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Frailty Indexed Classification of Bangladeshi Older Adults’ Physio-psychosocial Health and Associated Risk Factors- A Cross-sectional Survey Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34134/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Meshbahur Rahman ◽

Mohammad Hamiduzzaman ◽

Saleha Akter ◽

Zaki Farhana ◽

Mohammad Kamal Hossain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Health Status ◽

Family Income ◽

Psychosocial Health ◽

Poor Health ◽

Medical Conditions ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Frailty is associated with healthy ageing, and it has been identified as a means of measuring older adults’ physio-psychosocial health. We know about the ageing trends and common diseases of older adults living in South Asia, but literature to date does not widely feature their health status based on frailty, especially in Bangladesh. This study aims to understand the prevalence of frailty in Bangladeshi older adults; classify their health status; and investigate associated risk factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the north-eastern region (i.e. Sylhet City Corporation) of Bangladesh. Four hundred participants aged 55 years and above were randomly selected, attended a health assessment session and completed a multi-indicator survey questionnaire. We developed a 30-indicator Frailty Index (FI30) to assess the participant’s health status and categorized: good health (no-frailty/Fit); slightly poor health (mild frailty); poor health (moderate frailty); and very poor health (severe frailty). Pearson chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted.Results: The participants’ mean age was 63.6 years, and 61.6% of them were assessed in poor to very poor health (moderate frailty/36.3% - severe frailty/25.3%). The eldest, female and participants from lower family income were found more frailty than their counterparts. Participants aged 70 years and above were more likely (adjusted OR: 4.23, 95 % CI: 2.26–7.92, p < 0.0001) to experience frailty (medical conditions) than the pre-elderly age group (55-59 years). Female participants were more vulnerable (adjusted OR=1.487, 95% CI: 0.84-2.64, p < 0.0174) to frailty (medical conditions) than male. Also, older adults who had higher family income (Income>$473.3) found a lower risk (adjusted OR: 0.294, 95% CI: 0.11-0.76, p<0.011) of frailty (poor health).Conclusion: Our study results confirm the prevalence of frailty-related disorders in Bangladeshi older adults and highlight the importance of targeted clinical and community-led preventive care programs.

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Impact of Social Isolation on Physical Activity and Factors Associated With Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2020-0456 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Giovana Z. Mazo ◽

Felipe Fank ◽

Pedro S. Franco ◽

Bruna da Silva Vieira Capanema ◽

Franciele da Silva Pereira

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Low Income ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Moderate Physical Activity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Impact

The objective was to analyze the impact of social isolation on moderate physical activity and factors associated with sedentary behavior of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional study involving 111 older adults (aged 71.0 ± 6.87 years). The data were collected at two time points: in November 2019 and in June 2020. There was a decline in moderate physical activity when the minutes/week were compared before and during social isolation (p < .001). Sedentary behavior was associated with the condition of living alone. Older adults who lived alone were 3.29 times more likely to spend 4 hr or more in sedentary behavior than those who lived with a partner (95% confidence interval [1.01, 10.74]). Government agencies must establish PA-related health promotion strategies, especially in developing and low-income countries. Therefore, home exercises need to be encouraged to prevent the consequences of this pandemic period.

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Higher Levels of Physical Fitness Are Associated with Lower Peak Plantar Pressures in Older Women

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12104119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 4119

Author(s):

Lovro Štefan ◽

Mario Kasović ◽

Martin Zvonař

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Older Women ◽

Plantar Pressure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Plantar Pressures ◽

Risk Of Falls ◽

Fitness Levels

Little is known about how physical fitness is associated with peak plantar pressures in older adults. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to explore whether higher physical fitness levels were associated with lower peak plantar pressures in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 120 older women aged ≥60 years. To assess the level of peak plantar pressure, we used a Zebris plantar pressure platform. To estimate the level of physical fitness, a senior fitness test battery was used. To calculate the associations between the level of physical fitness and peak plantar pressures beneath the different foot regions (forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot), we used generalized estimating equations with a linear regression model. In unadjusted models, higher physical fitness levels were associated with lower peak plantar pressures. When we adjusted for chronological age, the risk of falls and the presence of foot pain, higher physical fitness levels remained associated with lower peak plantar pressures. Our study shows that higher levels of physical fitness are associated with lower peak plantar pressures, even after adjusting for several potential covariates.

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