scholarly journals LEACHING AND CARRYOVER FOR SAFRINHA CORN OF THE HERBICIDES IMAZAPYR + IMAZAPIC IN SOIL UNDER DIFFERENT WATER CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-298
Author(s):  
AMANDA DOS SANTOS SOUZA ◽  
JÉSSICA FERREIRA LOURENÇO LEAL ◽  
ANA CLAUDIA LANGARO ◽  
GLEDSON SOARES DE CARVALHO ◽  
CAMILA FERREIRA DE PINHO
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Herbicide Mixture ◽  
Factor C

ABSTRACT Soil moisture can alter the transport and permanence of pre-emergent herbicides. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of water availability in the soil on the leaching of a commercial mixture of the herbicides imazapyr + imazapic, as well as the carryover effect of this herbicide in corn planted in succession to soybean. The experiment was carried out in leaching columns in a randomized block design with 4 replications. A 3x3x2 factorial scheme was used, with factor A being the irrigation (130%, 100% and 70% of field capacity (CC)), factor B the doses of the commercial mixture of the herbicides imazapyr + imazapic (0.00+ 0.00; 52.5 + 17.5 and 105 + 35 g ha-1) and factor C at soil depth (0-0.3 m and 0.3-0.6 m). Soybean sowing was performed at the top of the columns and immediately after herbicide mixture was applied. After 120 days the columns were opened, generating two sections, where corn (Zea mays) and the other watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) were sown as a bioindicator of herbicide residue. The fluorescence parameters of chlorophyll a at 15 and 30 days after germination (DAG) and shoot dry matter accumulation at 30 DAG were evaluated. There was greater retention of the herbicide imazapyr + imazapic at a depth of 0-0.3m at 70% CC condition and leaching at a depth of 0.3-0.6m at 130% CC condition, with a reduction in the mass accumulation of watermelon plants. The herbicide has a carryover potential for corn cultivation in soils maintained at 70% CC.

scholarly journals Soil fertility and upland rice yield after biochar application in the Cerrado

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano André Petter ◽  
Beáta Emöke Madari ◽  
Mellissa Ananias Soler da Silva ◽  
Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro ◽  
Márcia Thaís de Melo Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Effect On Yield

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of biochar made from Eucalyptus on soil fertility, and on the yield and development of upland rice. The experiment was performed during two years in a randomized block design with four replicates, in a sandy loam Dystric Plinthosol. Four doses of NPK 05-25-15, annually distributed in stripes (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1), and four doses of biochar (0, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha-1), applied once in the first year - alone or with NPK - were evaluated. In the first year, biochar positively affected soil fertility [total organic carbon (TOC), Ca, P, Al, H+Al, and pH], at 0-10 cm soil depth, and it was the only factor with significant effect on yield. In the second year, the effect of biochar diminished or was overcome by the fertilizer. TOC moved down in the soil profile to the 0-20 cm depth, influencing K availability in this layer. In the second year, there was a significant interaction between biochar and the fertilizer on plant growth and biomass dry matter accumulation.

scholarly journals Effect of deficit irrigation and in situ moisture conservation on soil moisture content and frequency of irrigation in kiwifruit cultivar Allison

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2093-2098
Author(s):  
Preet Pratima ◽  
N. Sharma ◽  
Rajesh Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The effect of deficit irrigation and in situ moisture conservation in kiwifruit cv. Allison vines was studied during the years 2011 and 2012 in the Department of Fruit Science, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, HP, India. Soil moisture content and frequency of irrigation were investigated in kiwifruit in response to deficit irrigation and in situ moisture conservation techniques. Seven treatments viz., irrigation at 80 per cent Field Capacity (T1), 60 per cent Field Capacity (T2) and 40 per cent Field Capacity (T3), 60 per cent Field Capacity (FC) plus grass mulch (T4) or black polythene (T5) and 40 per cent FC plus grass mulch (T6) or black polythene (T7) were applied from March to October with three replications in Randomized Block Design (RBD). During the year 2011, the soil moisture content under kiwifruit vines was highest under the treatment T1 (15.3, 16.9) , followed by T5 (15.2, 16.8) and T4 (14.9, 16.6) at 30 cm and at 60 cm soil depth, respectively. Whereas, during the year 2012, the soil moisture content under kiwifruit vines was highest under the treatment T1 (14.9, 16.4), followed by T5 (15.0, 16.3) and T4 (14.6, 16.1) at 30 cm and at 60 cm soil depth, respectively. However,the least soil moisture content was, however, observed under T3 (11.0, 12.8) at 30 cm and 60 cm soil depth , respectively, during the year 2011, similarly, during the year 2012, the least soil moisture content was also observed under T3 (10.6, 12.7) at 30 cm and 60 cm soil depth, respectively. The frequency of irrigation was highest under T1 (16 irrigations) followed T2 (10 irrigations) while the least was recorded under T6 and T7 (7irrigations). Total numbers of irrigations applied were reduced from 16 (under T1) to 8 (under T5). The use of black plastic mulch may be beneficial as it helped to conserve moistureunder DI regime which is comparable to those in well irrigated vines. It may also reduce the high irrigation requirement of kiwifruit in areas where sufficient water is not available.

scholarly journals Trace Metal Distribution and Mobility in Soils after Silvicultural Thinning and Burning

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Ngowari Jaja ◽  
Monday Mbila ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Silvicultural thinning and burning are common management practices that are widely used to address ecosystem problems such as tree stocking and general forest health. However, high-severity fire has variable effects on soils, resulting in damages which are directly or indirectly reflected on the trace metal chemistry of the soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the trace metal variation at the Bankhead National Forest in Northern Alabama following the silvicultural thinning and burning. The experimental site had treatments consisting of two burning patterns and three levels of thinning as part of an overall treatment of three burning patterns and three levels of thinning applied to nine treatment plots to fit a completely randomized block design experiment. Four treatments sites were used for this study and samples were collected from soil profile pits excavated at representative plots within each treatment. The samples were analyzed for trace metals-As, Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb-using Perkin Elmer 2100 ICP-OES. Post treatment samples indicated that the trace metal concentrations generally decreased with soil depth. Copper, Ni, and Zn at the Pre-burn site gradually increased with depth to a maximum concentration at about 50 cm below the soil surface. Arsenic in the surface horizons increased by 156% in the burn-only sites, 54% in the thin-only treatment, 30% for the burn and thin treatments. Such differences were unlikely due to differences in the geochemistry of the parent material, but likely due to anthropogenic activities and possibly the forest management practices in question.

Effect of drought on ericoid mycorrhizae in wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jeliazkova and D. Percival
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizae ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Wild Blueberry

To evaluate the influence of water exclusion on the mycorrhizal coloni zations in wild blueberry, and to examine the spatial distribution of mycorrhizae among roots of wild blueberry plants that were in both the vegetative and cropping stages of production, a randomized complete block design was used. The mycorrhizal coloniz a tions were equally distributed throughout upper and lower soil profiles in both stages of production. Nevertheless, soil moisture levels in water exclusion treatments were as much as 50% lower than the control, drought stress had no effect on mycorrhizal colonization levels or on any other of the measured responses. Root weight and volume decreased as soil depth increased from 0-7.5 to 7.5-15 cm. Key words:

scholarly journals Evidence of nitrogen and potassium losses in soil columns cultivated with maize under salt stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 553-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudivan F. de Lacerda ◽  
Jorge F. da S. Ferreira ◽  
Donald L. Suarez ◽  
Emanuel D. Freitas ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Concentration Of Ions ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Saturated Extract

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of salts in the soil from irrigation water and of N and K from fertilization. The experiment was conducted in PVC columns (20 cm in diameter and 100 cm in height), filled with non-saline soil, and cultivated with maize. A completely randomized block design in a 4 x 4 factorial was used, with four levels of salinity (0.5, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 dS m-1), four N rates, and five replicates. Nitrogen was applied as urea and potassium nitrate at the following rates: N1: N recommendation for maize (2.6 g column-1); N2: 0.3 times (0.78 g column-1) the recommended N1 dose; N3 and N4 with N based on N1 and N2 doses, respectively, reduced proportionally based on the evapotranspiration reduction caused by salinity. After 74 days from sowing, root and soil samples were collected at different soil depths. The electrical conductivity of the saturated extract (ECe) and the concentration of ions (Ca2+, Na+, and Cl-) increased as a function of salinity and soil depth. The opposite was observed for the root system. The increase in salinity also resulted in K+ and NO3- accumulation in the soil column, mainly in treatments with higher N rates (N1 and N3). At the end of the experiment, 88% of the NO3- applied at the highest salinity treatment (7.5 dS m-1) and the highest N rate (N1) was below 20 cm soil depth, evidencing a N loss process caused by leaching.

scholarly journals Soil fertility under different tillage systems in sugarcane expansion area

2019 ◽  
pp. 1236-1243
Author(s):  
Emmerson Rodrigues de Moraes ◽  
José Geraldo Mageste ◽  
Joicy Vitória Miranda Peixoto ◽  
Luis Augusto da Silva Domingues ◽  
Regina Maria Quintão Lana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Chemical Attributes

In sugarcane expansion areas where soil fertility restrictions regularly occur, soil preparing ameliorates soil physical and chemical properties to improve conditions for sugarcane crop development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate soil chemical attributes under different soil preparation methods for sugarcane cultivation at the first and second year of expansion area in the Cerrado biome. The experiment was conducted in an area previously used as pasture land for more than 10 years with Brachiaria decumbens without any soil correction. CTC-2 sugarcane variety was planted. The experiment was set up as a randomized block design with six treatments and four replications. The treatments were: desiccation-liming-plowing-harrowing; liming-plowing-harrowing; liming-harrowing-plowing-harrowing; desiccation-liming-direct planting; desiccation-liming-subsoiling, and harrowing-liming-plowing-harrowing. Soil attributes: organic matter, water pH, H++Al3+, Al3+, m, V, H2PO4-, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and S-SO4-2 were evaluated at 0-0.2, 0.2-0.4 and 0.4-0.6 m soil depth. The variables were submitted ANOVA, joint analysis and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). The treatments including liming followed by harrowing, plowing and harrowing, and harrowing followed by liming, plowing and harrowing, resulted in the largest gains in soil fertility. In the first year of sugarcane cultivation, the no-tillage system proved to be sustainable and appropriate for sugarcane cultivation economically viable.

scholarly journals Soil resistance and bulk density under different tillage system

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Miro Stošić ◽  
Vladimir Zebec ◽  
Maciej Kluz ◽  
Boris Ravnjak ◽  
Tomislav Vinković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Set Up

A stationary field experiment of a reduced soil tillage was implemented at a Hypogley (Hypogleyic soils A–Gso–Gr soil horizon sequence) soil type of Eastern Croatia during three seasons and set up as a split-plot randomized block design in four repetitions. The tillage systems (TS) were as follows: 1) conventional tillage, i.e., plowing at 30 cm (CT), 2) disking up 10-12 cm (DT), 3) soil loosening up to 35 cm (LT), 4) no-tillage (NT). The experiment was designed to compare the penetration resistance (PR), soil moisture (SM), and bulk density (BD) at different TSs and soil depths. A cone penetrometer was used to measure the PR with 10 prods per TS, accompanied with a measurement of SM with a soil auger on every 10 cm, with four samples up to a 40-cm depth. The BD was determined by metal cylinders on every 10 cm up to a 30-cm depth, being weighed and dried thereafter to obtain an absolutely dry sample, and then calculated using absolutely a dry soil sample mass (m_s) and the soil volume (V). The PR and SM were significantly influenced by the TS and soil depth. The CT had the significantly lowest PR at all depths, while the DT has manifested a significantly higher PR at a soil depth amounting to 10 to 20 cm. The PR on NT were significantly diverse from the CT at all soil depths. The BD varied significantly concerning the TS and the soil depth. Subsequent to the three years, the CT had a significantly smaller BD at a depth amounting from 0 to 10 cm, and a significantly higher BD at 20- to 30-cm depth, compared to reduce the TS.

MACRONUTRIENTS ABSORPTION AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION IN GRAIN SORGHUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
IRAN DIAS BORGES ◽  
ELAINE CRISTINA TEIXEIRA ◽  
LORENA MARTINS BRANDÃO ◽  
ANTÔNIO AUGUSTO NOGUEIRA FRANCO ◽  
MARCOS KOITI KONDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Sigmoidal Function ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Red Latosol

ABSTRACT - The present study aimed to determine the curves of macronutrients and dry matter accumulation in grain sorghum DKB 599, grown in a semiarid region. A field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam eutrophic red Latosol (Oxisol) in Janaúba, State of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil, in a randomized block design with four replications. As statistical method, a nonlinear regression, sigmoidal function with three parameters was used. After drying, the plants were weighed and ground to determine N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S concentration. Grain sorghum plants accumulate nutrients in their shoots in the following order: N> K> Ca> P> Mg> S. The highest concentrations of K and N were observed in stems and grains, respectively. In the conditions of this experiment, the most favorable time to perform nitrogen and potassium topdressing fertilization is when the plants present seven fully expanded leaves or 24 days after the emergency (DAE). Keywords: fertilization, growth, nutrition, Sorghum bicolor. ABSORÇÃO DE MACRONUTRIENTES E ACÚMULO DE MATÉRIA SECA NO SORGO GRANÍFERO RESUMO - Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar as curvas de acúmulo de matéria seca e macronutrientes no sorgo DKB 599 cultivado em região semiárida. O experimento foi conduzido em campo sobre um Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico, de textura franco-argilosa, no município de Janaúba-MG, Brasil, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Utilizou-se o modelo de regressão não linear, função sigmoidal com três parâmetros como método estatístico. Após secagem, cada parte da planta foi pesada e moída para, em seguida, determinarem-se os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. As plantas de sorgo granífero acumulam nutrientes em sua parte aérea na seguinte ordem: N > K > Ca > P > Mg > S. As maiores concentrações de K e N foram observadas, respectivamente, nos caules e nos grãos. Nas condições de condução do experimento, a época mais propícia para realizar a adubação nitrogenada e potássica em cobertura é quando as plantas apresentam sete folhas totalmente expandidas ou 24 dias após a emergência (DAE). Palavras-chave: fertilização, crescimento, nutrição, Sorghum bicolor.

Prediction of dry matter accumulation in bitter vetch

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ufuk Karadavut ◽  
Adil Bakoglu ◽  
Halit Tutar ◽  
Kagan Kokten ◽  
Hava Seyma Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Models ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bitter Vetch ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Local Genotypes ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Different Sources

This study was carried out in Bingol province on eastern Anatolian Region between 2013 and 2015. In this study, we obtained 14 bitter vetch genotypes from different sources. The experiment was carried our in three replications in randomized block design. Each plant was weekly measured for 6 weeks starting from germination. For each plant, plant height, fresh and dry stem weight, fresh and dry leaf weights were determined. Logistic, Richards and Weibull growth models were fitted to describe the growth pattern of the genotypes. The best fitting model criteria used were coefficient of determination and mean squared. Richards’s growth model was found to best fit the data for most of the genotypes. Logistic model was the worst fit. In Turkey, climate and soil properties have very large variations. For this, local genotypes showed large variation according to plating areas. YEREL LICE genotype showed more stable and it is the height identified all growth models than other local genotypes. However, IFVE 2923 SEL and IFVE 2977 SEL 2802 these genotypes gave positive results in different environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Organic cultivation of okra with ground cover of perennial herbaceous legumes

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Mathias N da Silva ◽  
Fábio Luiz Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Henrique Grazziotti ◽  
Claudenir Fávero ◽  
Mateus Augusto L Quaresma
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Herbaceous Legumes ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The management of green manure with perennial herbaceous legumes has emerged as an interesting practice for vegetable production, improving the cultivation environment and increasing crop yields. In the present study we evaluated the organic okra cultivation in soil covered with perennial herbaceous legumes. The treatments consisted of okra grown in bare soil (control) or covered with tropical kudzo (Pueraria phaseoloides), perennial soybean (Glycine wightii), calopogonium (Calopogonium muconoides), Pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi) and Stylosanthes capitata and Stylosanthes macrocephala. A randomized block design with four replications was used. The weeding of legumes was realized before the okra was sown and this allowed the addition of quantities of dry matter, highlighting the potential of tropical kudzo (3.74 t ha-1), perennial soybean (1.55 t ha-1) and peanut (1.30 t ha-1). Okra cropped in soil covered with tropical kudzo and perennial soybean had the weed lowest dry matter accumulation until 150 days after sowing the okra. At 150 days after sowing the okra, only the areas covered with peanut and calopogonium had higher volumes of water in the soil compared to the control. Throughout the harvest, the okra plants grown in soil covered with perennial soybean and tropical kudzo showed the greatest heights. The maximum okra fruit yield (16.23 t ha-1) was obtained by growing okra in soil covered with perennial soybean.

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