scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST PATHOGENS OF IMPORTANCE IN CAPRINE AND OVINE MASTITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 702-708
Author(s):  
RODOLFO FURLANI ◽  
MAURA MARINETE DE SOUSA ◽  
GIOVANNA NOGUEIRA DA SILVA AVELINO OLIVEIRA ROCHA ◽  
FLÁVIA CARTAXO RAMALHO VILAR ◽  
RICARDO CARTAXO RAMALHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Lippia Alba ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

ABSTRACT Mastitis is an important infirmity that affects dairy goats and sheep flocks. Antimicrobials are widely used in mastitis therapy; however, the phenomenon of bacterial resistance has sparked interest in therapeutic alternatives, especially the research on essential oils from several plant species. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of essential oils against pathogens of importance in caprine and ovine mastitis. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and the chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils (EO) of four plants. Fifteen bacterial isolates, previously identified as Staphylococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus, were used. The following plant species were used against the 15 bacterial isolates: Lippia origanoides “alecrim pimenta,” Lippia alba “erva cidreira,” Cymbopogon citratus “capim-santo,” and Ocimum basilicum “manjericão.” The first three essential oils presented antimicrobial activity against 100% of the isolates (15/15), with MICs of 560 µg mL-1, 1,173 µg mL-1, and 1,280 µg mL-1, and MBCs of 613 µg mL-1, 1,226 µg mL-1, and 1,333 µg mL-1, respectively. Nevertheless, the essential oil of O. basilicum, which was also tested, exerted no activity against any of the isolates. Carvacrol, citral, geraniol, and estragole were some of the major compounds found. These results can aid other studies that aim to use these essential oils as potential products for subsequent use in the treatment of mastitis in small ruminants.

scholarly journals Essential Oils of Aromatic Plants with Antibacterial, Anti-Biofilm and Anti-Quorum Sensing Activities against Pathogenic Bacteria

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Cáceres ◽  
William Hidalgo ◽  
Elena Stashenko ◽  
Rodrigo Torres ◽  
Claudia Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition

Both the ability of bacteria to form biofilms and communicate through quorum sensing allows them to develop different survival or virulence traits that lead to increased bacterial resistance against conventional antibiotic therapy. Here, seventeen essential oils (EOs) were investigated for the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activities on Escherichia. coli O157:H7, Escherichia coli O33, and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228. All essential oils were isolated from plant material by using hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The antimicrobial activity was performed by using the microdilution technique. Subinhibitory concentrations of each EO were assayed for biofilm inhibition in both bacterial strains. Quantification of violacein in Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 was performed for the anti-quorum sensing activity. The cytotoxicity activity of the EOs was evaluated on Vero cell line by using MTT method. Thymol-carvacrol-chemotype (I and II) oils from Lippia origanoides and Thymus vulgaris oil exhibited the higher antimicrobial activity with MIC values of 0.37–0.75 mg/mL. In addition, these EOs strongly inhibited the biofilm formation and violacein (QS) production in a concentration-dependent manner, highlighting thymol-carvacrol-chemotype (II) oil as the best candidate for further studies in antibiotic design and development against bacterial resistance.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial effects of spices and herbs essential oils

2009 ◽  
pp. 195-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Skrinjar ◽  
Nevena Nemet
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Garlic Mustard ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Food Preservatives ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Spices and herbs have been used as food additives since ancient times, as flavouring agents but also as natural food preservatives. A number of spices shows antimicrobial activity against different types of microorganisms. This article gives a literature review of recent investigations considering antimicrobial activity of essential oils widely used spices and herbs, such as garlic, mustard, cinnamon, cumin, clove, bay, thyme, basil, oregano, pepper, ginger, sage, rosemary etc., against most common bacteria and fungi that contaminate food (Listeria spp., Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp. and many others). Antimicrobial activity depends on the type of spice or herb, type of food and microorganism, as well as on the chemical composition and content of extracts and essential oils. Summarizing results of different investigations, relative antimicrobial effectiveness can be made, and it shows that cinnamon, cloves and mustrad have very strong antimicrobial potential, cumin, oregano, sage, thyme and rosemary show medium inhibitory effect, and spices such as pepper and ginger have weak inhibitory effect.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Lippia alba, Lippia sidoides, Cymbopogon citrates, Plectranthus amboinicus, and Cinnamomum zeylanicum against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aquiles Paulino Peres Mota ◽  
João Carlos Pinheiro Dantas ◽  
Cristiane Cunha Frota
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Lippia Sidoides ◽  
Lippia Alba ◽  
Plectranthus Amboinicus

ABSTRACT: The rise in cases of antibiotic-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis has become a major obstacle to the effective control of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. Essential oils (EO) are complex mixtures that may contain between 20 and 60 components, with two or three major compounds at relatively high concentrations (20-70%) that are responsible for their pharmacological properties. The objective of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of the EOs, bushy lippia (Lippia alba), rosemary pepper (Lippia sidoides), lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), Mexican mint or Indian borage (Plectranthus amboinicus), and true cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Chemical characterization of the EOs was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the microdilution-based resazurin microtiter assay. Four EOs were able to inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis, with MICs of 286.5±130.2μg/mL (C. zeylanicum), 299.5±117.2μg/mL (L. sidoides), 351.6±39.06μg/mL (P. amboinicus), and 1,250μg/mL (C. citratus). Only the EO of L. alba showed no antimycobacterial activity at the tested concentrations, with an MIC greater than 1,250µg/mL. Results of this study suggested that C. zeylanicum, L. sidoides, and P. amboinicus could be important sources of bactericidal compounds against M. tuberculosis and require further investigation. The activity against M. tuberculosis of these three EOs has not been reported previously. The results show the high potential of the tested antimycobacterial EOs, making them a promising alternative for TB treatment. This data also confirms the importance of bioprospecting studies for active substances with antimycobacterial activity, which are still scarce.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils against Staphylococcus and Malassezia Strains Isolated from Canine Dermatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Virginia Ebani ◽  
Fabrizio Bertelloni ◽  
Basma Najar ◽  
Simona Nardoni ◽  
Luisa Pistelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Malassezia Pachydermatis ◽  
Antistaphylococcal Activity ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Staphylococcus spp. bacteria are the most frequently involved agents in canine cutaneous infections. Treatment of these infections is based on antibiotic therapy, that often is not effective because of the antibiotic-resistance of the bacterial strains. Cutaneous staphylococcal infections are often complicated by Malassezia yeasts, that may be resistant to the conventional antifungal drugs. The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of some essential oils (EOs) in view of a potential cutaneous application. In detail, EOs obtained from lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla L’Hèr. Britton), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum J. Presl), myrrh (Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. var. molmol), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf), litsea (Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), savory (Satureja montana L.), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) were assayed against Staphylococcus spp. and Malassezia pachydermatis strains previously isolated from dogs with dermatitis. All EOs were tested by agar disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods to verify the antistaphylococcal activity, and by a microdilution method to evaluate the activity against M. pachydermatis. O. vulgare, T. vulgaris, and S. montana showed the best antibacterial activity against all the selected strains, with MICs ranging from 0.29 to 0.58 mg/mL, from 0.58 to 1.16 mg/mL, and from 0.56 to 1.12 mg/mL, respectively, whereas A. triphylla (1.03 mg/mL) and S. montana (1.8 mg/mL) were the most active against M. pachydermatis. After a proper in vivo evaluation, O. vulgare, T. vulgaris, and S. montana EOs could be a promising treatment to combat canine cutaneous mixed infections.

scholarly journals Composition, anti-quorum sensing and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Lippia alba

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Olivero-Verbel ◽  
Ana Barreto-Maya ◽  
Angela Bertel-Sevilla ◽  
Elena E. Stashenko
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Lippia Alba

scholarly journals Anesthesia and sedation of map treefrog (Hypsiboas geographicus) tadpoles with essential oils

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseânia Salbego ◽  
Janna Laely dos Santos Maia ◽  
Cândida Toni ◽  
Amanda Sousa Silva Rodrigues ◽  
Elen Monique Oliveira Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Anesthesia Induction ◽  
Lippia Alba ◽  
Dependent Relationship ◽  
Maximum Time ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Induction Times

ABSTRACT: The goal of this study was to investigate the sedative and anesthetic properties of essential oils (EOs) in map treefrog tadpoles (Hypsiboas geographicus) and to determine the sedation and deep anesthesia induction times as well as the recovery time. The tadpoles were exposed to one of the EOs from three plant species: Aniba rosaeodora (EOAR - 25, 50, 100 or 200µL L-1), Lippia origanoides (EOLO - 13, 25, 50, 100 or 200µL L-1), and Lippia alba (either chemotype citral [EOL-C - 25, 50, 100 or 200µL L-1] or linalool [EOL-L - 50, 75, 100 or 200µL L-1]) (n = 8 per replicate). The tadpoles exposed to 25 and 50µL L-1 EOL-C and EOL-L, respectively, were not anesthetized within 30min (the maximum time of observation), and those exposed to 200µL L-1 EOLO did not recover within 30min. Sedation, deep anesthesia and recovery times showed a concentration-dependent relationship for all EOs tested, with the exception of the recovery with EOLO. The results allowed concluding that all investigated EOs can be used to anesthetize tadpoles of H. geographicus, but the use of EOLO must not exceed 100µL L-1.

scholarly journals Essential oils and isolated compounds from Lippia alba leaves and flowers: Antimicrobial activity and osteoclast apoptosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULO JOSÉ LIMA JUIZ ◽  
ANGELICA MARIA LUCCHESE ◽  
ROBERTO GAMBARI ◽  
ROBERTA PIVA ◽  
LETIZIA PENOLAZZI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Lippia Alba ◽  
Osteoclast Apoptosis

scholarly journals In vitro bacteriostatic activity of Origanum vulgare, Cymbopogon citratus, and Lippia alba essential oils in cat food bacterial isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3107
Author(s):  
Monique Catarine Fischer Possamai ◽  
Isabela Carvalho dos Santos ◽  
Eloísa Schneider Silva ◽  
Zilda Cristiani Gazim ◽  
José Eduardo Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Bacteriostatic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Lippia Alba

The pet industry is currently expanding and specializing mainly in the field of domestic felines. Problems related to antimicrobial resistance are frequent, and the use of essential oils (EOs) in animal feed has become a novel treatment strategy. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the bacteriostatic activity of Brazilian lemon balm (Lippia alba), lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), and oregano (Origanum vulgare) in bacterial isolates from 12 samples of cat food sold in bulk. The EOs from fresh leaves of crops were obtained from the Medicinal Garden of Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná. Cat food samples were processed for identification of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. The determination of the bacteriostatic activity of the EOs was performed by determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at dilutions of 2.5, 1.25, and 0.62 mg/mL. The diffusion disc technique was used to evaluate the resistance profile to the main antimicrobials used in the feline clinic and to analyze the effect of the association of these antimicrobials with the EOs studied. A total of 23 isolates were obtained, of which 16 were gram-negative and seven were gram-positive. As for the oil composition for L. alba, C. citratus, and O. vulgare, 40, 24, and 44 compounds were identified, respectively, with the major ones being geranial, geranial/?-citral, and carvacrol, respectively. Regarding MIC, no differences were found for any EOs tested. The lowest MIC value was obtained for the C. citratus EO (0.83 mg/mL) for two bacteria (coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium kutscheri). The means of the inhibition halos for the 10 antimicrobials tested in association or not with one of the EOs for Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, and Serratia rubidaea showed that, for S. rubidaea, the inhibition halo diameter (12.4 mm) was greater (p < 0.05) when amoxicillin was associated with the O. vulgare EO than the association of the same antibiotic with the C. citratus EO (11.0 mm). For K. aerogenes and P. vulgaris, there was no difference in inhibition halo diameter when EOs were included. In conclusion, L. alba, C. citratus, and O. vulgare EOs are effective in inhibiting the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and can be added to cat food to replace chemical antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Efficacy of three methods used to control staphylococcal mastitis in dairy goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2825-2832
Author(s):  
José Américo Barros Leite ◽  
◽  
Renata de Moraes Peixoto Araújo ◽  
Rodolfo de Moraes Peixoto ◽  
Daniel Maia Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Vaccine Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Group 1

Goat and sheep farming in Brazil relies on an expressive herd, especially in the Northeast region of the country, where small ruminants constitute a relevant economic activity, with milk production being an important source of income in some dry areas of the Northeastern states. However, there are still some sanitary problems in the management of dairy goats, among which mastitis is highlighted, especially that of the subclinical type. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of antibiotics, exclusively or in combination with vaccines, in the control of sub-clinical mastitis in small ruminants. The study was conducted on a rural property located in Santa Maria da Boa Vista-PE. Fifty-three female Saanen dairy goats were allocated into four experimental groups. An antibiotic therapy with a commercial antimicrobial based on cloxacillin was used in group 1. Group 2 received the commercial vaccine indicated for herds with an incidence of Staphylococcus strains and the same antibiotic described for Group 1. Group 3 was evaluated for the exclusive use of vaccination, and Group 4 was the control group. A microbiological examination of the milk was carried out to confirm cases of mastitis. The percentage of udders, infected by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (CNS) before and after the antibiotic + vaccine treatment was 42.8 and 7.1%, respectively. It was observed that the cloxacillin-based antibiotic could be used alone or in combination with mastitis vaccines to control staphylococcal mastitis in small ruminants. Vaccination alone was not effective in reducing the number of mastitis cases; therefore, a cross reaction against CNS was not observed. Thus, further studies to determine the potential of vaccines to control sub-clinical mastitis in small ruminants are necessary.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document