Direct, indirect and simultaneous selection as strategies for alfalfa breeding on forage yield and nutritive value

ABSTRACT Alfalfa breeding aimed at trait improvement for livestock feed takes longer periods of time, if compared to many other crops. Therefore, better selection methods are necessary for the success of alfalfa breeding programs. Although knowing about selection methods is quite important, there is a notable lack of information, as regards successful solutions. This study aimed to use direct, indirect and simultaneous selection methods for selecting alfalfa cultivars, based on yield traits and nutritive value. The evaluated traits were subdivided into two groups: forage yield and nutritive value. Selection gains were estimated by direct, indirect and simultaneous selection for each group, considering the selection of the 25 % best cultivars. Direct and indirect selections among genotype averages are not efficient to provide the desirable responses to the whole set of traits. The results for simultaneous selection, using the Tai index, provided a more balanced gain distribution to the set of traits in all cuts. The simultaneous selection allowed the identification of the 5681 and Verdor cultivars in the first cut, as well as ProINTA Patricia in the second cut, as superior in the two groups of evaluated traits.

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ESTIMASI NILAI HERITABILITAS BOBOT IKAN MAS VARIETAS PUNTEN DALAM PROGRAM SELEKSI INDIVIDU

Jurnal Riset Akuakultur ◽

10.15578/jra.11.3.2016.217-223 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 217

Author(s):

Estu Nugroho ◽

Budi Setyono ◽

Mochammad Su’eb ◽

Tri Heru Prihadi

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Selection Response ◽

Base Population ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Male And Female ◽

Body Weight Trait ◽

Population Selection ◽

Selection For ◽

Weight Trait ◽

Selection Of

Program pemuliaan ikan mas varietas Punten dilakukan dengan seleksi individu terhadap karakter bobot ikan. Pembentukan populasi dasar untuk kegiatan seleksi dilakukan dengan memijahkan secara massal induk ikan mas yang terdiri atas 20 induk betina dan 21 induk jantan yang dikoleksi dari daerah Punten, Kepanjen (delapan betina dan enam jantan), Kediri (tujuh betina dan 12 jantan), Sragen (27 betina dan 10 jantan), dan Blitar (15 betina dan 11 jantan). Larva umur 10 hari dipelihara selama empat bulan. Selanjutnya dilakukan penjarangan sebesar 50% dan benih dipelihara selama 14 bulan untuk dilakukan seleksi dengan panduan hasil sampling 250 ekor individu setiap populasi. Seleksi terhadap calon induk dilakukan saat umur 18 bulan pada populasi jantan dan betina secara terpisah dengan memilih berdasarkan 10% bobot ikan yang terbaik. Calon induk yang terseleksi kemudian dipelihara hingga matang gonad, kemudian dipilih sebanyak 150 pasang dan dipijahkan secara massal. Didapatkan respons positif dari hasil seleksi berdasarkan bobot ikan, yaitu 49,89 g atau 3,66% (populasi ikan jantan) dan 168,47 g atau 11,43% (populasi ikan betina). Nilai heritabilitas untuk bobot ikan adalah 0,238 (jantan) dan 0,505 (betina).Punten carp breeding programs were carried out by individual selection for body weight trait. The base population for selection activities were conducted by mass breeding of parent consisted of 20 female and 21 male collected from area Punten, eight female and six male (Kepanjen), seven female and 12 male (Kediri), 27 female and 10 male (Sragen), 15 female and 11 male (Blitar). Larvae 10 days old reared for four moths. Then after spacing out 50% of total harvest, the offspring reared for 14 months for selection activity based on the sampling of 250 individual each population. Selection of broodstock candidates performed since 18 months age on male and female populations separately by selecting based on 10% of fish with best body weight. Candidates selected broodstocks were then maintained until mature. In oder to produce the next generation 150 pairs were sets and held for mass spawning. The results revealed that selection response were positive, 49.89 g (3.66%) for male and 168.47 (11.43%) for female. Heritability for body weight is 0.238 (male) and 0.505 (female).

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Simultaneous selection for high yield and stability in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859602001946 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 138 (3) ◽

pp. 249-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

F. MEKBIB

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽

Yield Stability ◽

High Yield ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Yield Performance ◽

Simultaneous Selection ◽

Selection For ◽

Stability Statistics ◽

Selection Of

Phenotypic yield stability is a trait of special interest for plant breeders and farmers. This value can be quantified if genotypes are evaluated in different environments. Common bean is the main cash crop and protein source of farmers in many lowland and mid-altitude areas of Ethiopia. An experiment was undertaken to evaluate common bean genotypes for yield performance at Alemaya, Bako and Nazreth in Ethiopia for 3 years. The yield performance of genotypes was subjected to stability analysis and yield-stability statistics were generated to aid the selection of genotypes that were high yielding and very stable. The significant genotype by environment interaction indicated that the relative performance of the varieties altered in the different environments. Genotype yield performance varied ranging from 1511–2216 kg/ha. Simultaneous selection for yield and yield-stability statistics using YS(i) statistics indicated that A 410, GLP x92, Mx-2500-19, G 2816, A-195, 997-CH-1173, Diacol calima, ICA 15541 and AND 635 were both high yielding and stable. Following this study, using farmers’ evaluation and other criteria, GLP x92 and G-2816 were identified as preferred genotypes and were released for further production.

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Analysis of Direct and Indirect Selection and Indices in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Segregating Progeny

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2018/8312857 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Zine El Abidine Fellahi ◽

Abderrahmane Hannachi ◽

Hamenna Bouzerzour

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Yield Components ◽

Selection Criteria ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Selection Index ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Indirect Selection ◽

Selection Methods ◽

Simultaneous Selection ◽

Selection Of

Three selection methods including direct and indirect selection along with selection index based on the phenotypic values of eleven traits of agronomic interest were assessed for their application in F4 bread wheat progenies. Significant genetic variation existed among parents and crosses for the traits measured. The following were the most efficient indices for simultaneous selection of superior lines for yield and its components: base index of Williams, followed by the sum of ranks index of Smith and Hazel. The selection-based index provided the highest grain yield gains as compared to the other selection criteria, except for flag leaf area, indicating that the direct and indirect monotrait selection were not appropriate in the situation analyzed in this work. PCA identified Ain Abid × Mahon-Demias, Ain Abid × Rmada, and Ain Abid × El-Wifak as the most promising populations. At 5% selection intensity, the top 30 lines selected were distinguished, in comparison with the standard check Hidhab, by significant improvements in yield and yield components.

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Nutritive Value of Major Browse Species in East Dembia District, Central Gondar, Ethiopia

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal ◽

10.18805/ag.d-192 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Muluye Fekade ◽

Merga Bayissa ◽

Ajebu Nurfeta

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Gas Production ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Dry Period ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Transect Line ◽

Livestock Feed ◽

Browse Species ◽

The Mean ◽

Selection Of

Background: Regardless of having ample number of farm animals, its contribution to GDP is limited due to insufficient year round livestock feed supply in terms of quantity and quality, particularly during the dry season. This study was conducted to assess the most commonly used browse species as livestock feed particularly during dry period and to determine their nutritive value from four kebeles of East Dembiya district. Methods: Stratified random sampling was used for the selection of respondents. A total of 12 plots of 20m *20m (400m2) were established at an interval of 200m along the transect line to identify and record the available browse species. The leaves and petioles of A. abyssinica, C. africana, F. thonigii, F. sycomorus, V. amygdolina, M. arbutifolia and A. seyal were collected for chemical analysis. General linear model procedure of SAS was used for statistical analysis.Result: The mean CP content of the browse species ranged from 12.13% (F. sycomorus) to 29.74% (V. amygdolina). The IVDMD varied from 38.5% for M. arbutifolia to 71.67% for F. sycomorus. High gas production from immediately soluble component (a) was recorded for C. africana. The gas production from insoluble but potential degradable fraction (b), production potential (a+b) and organic matter digestibility were higher for F. thounigii but low for V. amygdolina. The browse species in the current study could be used as protein supplements to livestock fed on low quality feeds due to their high levels of crude protein, low fiber contents and high digestibility potentials.

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Selection of Tomato and Cucumber Accessions for Waterlogging Sensitivity through Morpho-Physiological Assessment at an Early Vegetative Stage

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10101490 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1490

Author(s):

Anna Kołton ◽

Kinga Kęska ◽

Małgorzata Czernicka

Keyword(s):

Root Zone ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Vegetative Stage ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Waterlogging Stress ◽

Test Parameters ◽

Physiological Assessment ◽

Selection For ◽

Selection Of

Waterlogging anomalies have recently increased, causing a reduction in yield and the loss of billions of dollars. Plant selection for increased tolerance to stress factors requires parameters with high sensitivity, as well as fast and inexpensive measurements. The aim of this study was to select tomato and cucumber accessions that reveal sensitivity and tolerance to waterlogging stress at an early vegetative stage. The selection of effective criteria for assessing plants was also an important issue. A total of 19 cucumber (including four highly homozygous) and 16 tomato accessions were evaluated, and plants with three true leaves were examined. The root zone of stressed plants was waterlogged for 7 days in a deep container. Morphological and physiological characteristics were obtained after 7 days of treatment and used for cluster analysis for discrimination of tolerant and sensitive accessions. Significant decreases in Fv/F0, Fv/Fm, Area, PI ABS, ET0/ABS, and ET0/TR0 parameters, as well as increases in DI0/RC, were observed in sensitive accessions, with no changes in tolerant plants. The OJIP test parameters (Fv/F0, PI ABS, DI0/RC, and Area) were more sensitive in selecting for waterlogging stress than Fv/Fm. The present research can be used in breeding programs. Selected accessions will support a detailed explanation of the physiological differences in response to waterlogging stress in tomato and cucumber plants.

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STUDIES ON THE CYTOLOGY OF BROMEGRASS, BROMUS INERMIS LEYSS.

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps58-017 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 111-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Björn Sigurbjörnsson ◽

Akira Mochizuki ◽

John D. Truscott

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Somatic Chromosome ◽

Seed Set ◽

Bromus Inermis ◽

Somatic Chromosome Number ◽

Simultaneous Selection ◽

Selection For ◽

Type Strains ◽

Selection Of

A population of 222 plants of 16 varieties and strains of northern and southern bromegrass was studied for somatic chromosome number. The following observations were noted: Aneuploid plants, including the chromosome numbers 54, 55, 57 and 58, were found within the species, Bromus inermis. One plant was found to have 49 chromosomes. A cytological difference was found between certain varieties of northern and southern types of bromegrass. The northern type had a significantly higher number of aneuploid plants with chromosome numbers in excess of 56, while the southern type had more aneuploid plants with fewer than 56 chromosomes. Some evidence was found suggesting that selection of northern type strains may bring about a simultaneous selection for additional chromosomes, whereas selection for southern type strains may involve a simultaneous selection for plants with missing chromosomes. Average seed set was found to be lowered in the presence of two additional chromosomes or absence of two chromosomes from the euploid complement.

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Influence of Ascites Syndrome on Growth Pattern of Chickens Reared at Normal or Cold Ambient Temperature

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.2478/aoas-2014-0081 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 373-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Karim Hasanpur ◽

Mohammadreza Nassiry ◽

Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh ◽

Rasul Vaez Torshizi ◽

Abbas Pakdel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Selective Breeding ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Case Selection ◽

Rapid Growth Rate ◽

Simultaneous Selection ◽

Selection For ◽

Financial Losses ◽

Selection Of ◽

Meat Type ◽

Ascites Syndrome

Abstract Ascites syndrome (AS) is a metabolic disorder usually seen in highly improved meat-type broiler strains. This syndrome causes major financial losses to the poultry industry. Previously it was believed that AS incidence was a side effect of intense selection for rapid growth rate (GR) or higher market weight. If this belief is the case, selection for further increase in GR will not be rational. However, it was later understood that there were significant genetic variations for both GR and susceptibility/resistance to AS; thus selective breeding could be helpful in diminishing the incidence of AS while improving GR. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that genes controlling the GR were not genetically dependent on those genes controlling susceptibility to AS. In the current research, we aimed to study the association of GR traits with AS% in a pure sire line. A total of 1458 1-day-old chicks from 67 sire families were used. The results revealed that ascitic chicks were not significantly superior in early GR traits (i.e. before day 28) than the healthy ones. At later ages, probably due to the commencement of the syndrome, the ascitic chicks were significantly lighter in body weight (BW) than their healthy counterparts. The lack of significant genetic correlations between the GR traits and AS% indicated that there was considerable scope for simultaneous selection of birds for increased BW and GR while controlling susceptibility to AS.

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Phenotypic multicarter selection approach to predict genetics applied in the segregating generations F2, F3 and F4 of common black beans

Plant Omics ◽

10.21475/poj.12.01.19.pt1516 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽

Vinícius Jardel Szareski ◽

Gustavo Henrique Demari ◽

Maurício Horbach Barbosa ◽

Franciene Lautenchleger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Experimental Design ◽

The Other ◽

Black Beans ◽

Black Bean ◽

Selection Approach ◽

Superior Genotypes ◽

Simultaneous Selection ◽

Selection For ◽

Selection Of

The objective of this work was to apply the phenotypic multicarter selection and predictive genetic for the attributes of the yield of common black bean seeds in the segregating generations F2, F3 and F4.The experimental design was augmented blocks, where the BRS Esplendor (BE), BRS Supremo (BS) and IPR Tiziu (IT) genotypes were used as controls arranged in four replicates, the other treatments were organized in a unique way in the experiment, the F2 segregating generation being represented by 36 common black bean populations, F3 segregating generation composed of 72 families and the F4 segregating generation formed by 44 families. The multicarter phenotypic index provided the simultaneous selection for the number and mass of seeds per plant, independent of the segregating generation of common black bean.Multicarter genetic variation is superior for the F3 segregating generation, with pronounced environmental effects on the F4 generation.The F4 segregating families express superiority to the genetic gain and magnitude of superior genotypes in relation to the commercial controls, where high genetic increase is exposed between the F3 to F4selection.The use of the phenotypic index expresses applicability to the selection of common black bean genotypes to increase seed yield.

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In-House Forecasting of Crop Latitude Adaptation through a Daylength-sensing-based Environment Adaptation Simulator (DEAS)

10.1101/2020.12.09.418558 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Leilei Qiu ◽

Qinqin Wu ◽

Xiaoying Wang ◽

Gui Zhuang ◽

Jiupan Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Global Climate ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Screening Method ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Transcriptional Dynamics ◽

Crop Varieties ◽

Environment Adaptation ◽

Selection For ◽

New Crop ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACTGlobal climate change necessitates the accelerated breeding of new crop varieties that can sustain yields in new environments. As a proxy for environmental adaptation, the selection of crops that can adapt to different latitudes is an appealing strategy. However, such selection currently involves a lengthy procedure that severely restricts the rapid breeding of varieties. Here, we aimed to combine molecular technologies with an in-house streamlined screening method to facilitate rapid selection for latitude adaptation. We established the Daylength-sensing-based Environment Adaptation Simulator (DEAS) to measure crop latitude adaptation via the transcriptional dynamics of florigen genes at different latitudes. We used different statistical approaches to demonstrate that DEAS predicts the florigen expression profiles in rice with high accuracy. Furthermore, we demonstrated the potential for application of DEAS in different crops. Incorporating DEAS into the breeding programs of conventional and underutilized crops could help meet the future needs for crop adaptation and promote sustainable agriculture.

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