scholarly journals Indirect establishment increases the chances of in vitro propagation of mosses occurring in the Cerrado - a new method

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Gomes Pereira ◽  
Micheline Carvalho-Silva ◽  
Luiz Alfredo Rodrigues Pereira ◽  
Conceição Eneida Santos Silveira

Abstract The use of micropropagation techniques is crucial for the conservation of endangered moss species and their reestablishment in nature. This study aimed to establish in vitro cultures of gametophyte fragments of ten species of Cerrado mosses. After disinfestation with alcohol and commercial bleach, moss explants were grown in Petri dishes containing Knop medium. The species Bryum argenteum, B. coronatum, Isopterygium tenerifolium, Leucobryum crispum, Pogonatum pensilvanicum, and Vitalia cuspidifera were successively established with efficiency rate ranging from 1 to 31.2%. However, no aseptic cultures were obtained for the species Barbula indica, Bryum densifolium, Fissidens flaccidus, and Sphagnum platyphylloides. Even though, a few contaminated explants of these species were able to develop and grow. Thus, all ten species were submitted to rescue techniques to establish cultures in aseptic conditions, from partially contaminated explants (indirect establishment). Consequently, the indirect establishment resulted in higher percentages of explant development, which enhanced the establishment of in vitro cultures for most of the species tested. This fact is especially important for conservation purposes, mainly for species whose material is sensitive or scarce. Therefore, indirect establishment as a new in vitro culture methodology was a viable form of propagating the bryophyte species listed in this research. This fact is essential for conservation purpose, especially for species whose material is sensitive or scarcer.

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Abdelali Chourfi ◽  
Tajelmolk Alaoui ◽  
Ghizlane Echchgadda

Laurus nobilis L. is among the species which are most threatened by massive degradation in Morocco. The multiplication by seed or by cuttings gives very low percentages of recovery that is insufficient to meet the demand of growing market. In vitro culture proves to be a tremendous asset to solve this problem. Our work has focused on the study of seed germination of this species and its multiplication from microcuttings. Finally, we studied the ac-climatization ability of the plantlets resulting from this germination. The study of the germination, via the further measurement of the length of the aerial part and the roots and the number of axillary buds for nine weeks, showed that the MS basal medium was more efficient than media 1/2M.S and WPM. Among the eight tested hormones, IAA yielded the best growth of the plantlets. Hormonal combination of NAA and kinetin resulted into a per-centage of the greatest success in reaching 67 % micropropagation. The study also revealed that the MS basal medium in the presence of the IAA plants can acclimate most easily in two types of substrates with improved development in the peat alone.


Author(s):  
T. A. Alatortseva

The possibility of Petchoa hybrid Beautical Caramel Yellow in vitro propagation was investigated. The optimal concentration of phytohormones for regeneration has been established.


Author(s):  
E. Kohut ◽  
M. Ördögh ◽  
E. Jámbor-Benczúr ◽  
Á. Máthé

Leucojum aestivum is a native, protected ornamental and medicinal plant in Hungary and in Ukraine too. The aim of our work was to establish in vitro cultures of this bulbous plant. Prior to surface sterilisation the old leaves and roots were dissected from the bulbs and they were stored in a refrigerator (2-3°C) for different periods (1 week for the first starting experiment and 5 weeks for the second one). After sterilisation, bulbs, bulb scales and leaves of the bulbs were placed on Murashige and Skoog's (1962) medium with 1 mg/1 benzyl-adenine (BA) and 0,1 mg/1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). At the first starting experiment 81,3%, and at the second one 92,3% of the explants turned to be sterile. Bulblets and roots were developed on the explants in the case of using bulb plates together with bulb scales and leaves as inoculua. The best result was achieved after 5 weeks chilling and it was possible to gain little bulbs from the bulb leaves too.


2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Sim-Sim ◽  
Margarida Abreu ◽  
César Garcia ◽  
Cecília Sérgio ◽  
A. Cristina Figueiredo

Two peat moss species, frequent both in the mainland Portugal and in the Azores archipelago, were evaluated for essential oil composition and establishment under in vitro culture. Sphagnum auriculatum and Sphagnum subnitens essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oil of S. auriculatum was dominated by an as yet unidentified sesquiterpene, whereas zierene was the main component of S. subnitens essential oil. The in vitro cultures were successfully established for future studies of their chemical profile. The components present in essential oils obtained from S. auriculatum and S. subnitens together with morphological traits could be used to support the taxonomy of this plant group.


Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 5020-5020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Abroun ◽  
Ken-Ichiro Otsuyama ◽  
Karim Shamsasenjan ◽  
Khademul Islam ◽  
Jaki Amin ◽  
...  

Abstract In order to clarify the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) and identify the molecular target for MM treatment, it is important to understand the biology and molecular mechanism of survival and proliferation of myeloma cells in vitro and in vivo. Still, it is hard to keep primary myeloma cells viable at least for 2 weeks in vitro, and these cells rapidly enter apoptosis even in the presence of IL-6. Co-culture with BM stromal cells is considered to be one of the most important factors as well as addition of cytokines for improvement of in vitro culture of primary myeloma cells. Based on our previous data, we devised a new method where bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) from BM aspirates were put inside insert-wells (8.0 um pore size, #3182, BD) coated with gelatin in the presence of the mixture of cytokines (galectin-1, SDF-1, IL-6 and IGF-1) in the serum-free synthetic medium; addition of galectin-1 and SDF-1 was essential especially at the beginning of this culture. By this method, we observed that BM stromal cells attached to gelatin and survived well with rather low proliferation; myeloma cells interacted well with these stromal cells. Thus, we could maintain viability of primary myeloma cells at least for 4 weeks and the recovery of viable myeloma cells (CD38++ cell) appeared to be about 80% in 30 cases of MM we examined. Phenotypic data also showed that ratio of immature (MPC-1−) and mature (MPC-1+) myeloma cells in the BMMNC before culture was approximately maintained after 2 or 4 weeks in this method. Therefore, these results suggest that gelatin-coated insert-well culture can control the viability of stromal cells and thus maintain the culture of primary myeloma cells in vitro. This new method would contribute to the further understanding of biology and drug sensitivity of primary myeloma cells.


2018 ◽  
pp. 46-51

Propagación In Vitro de Platicerium andinum Baker a partir de esporas In vitro propagation of Platicerium andinum Baker from spores Astriht Ruiz Rios1, Geyden Díaz Montes2 y Astrid Domy Gutiérrez Ruiz2 1Universidad Nacional de San Martín - Tarapoto, Jr. Maynas N° 177 - Tarapoto 2Corporación G y G E.I.R.L., Jr. 02 de Mayo N° 340 - Moyobamba DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2015.0007/ Resumen Los bosques del departamento de San Martin, hábitat de Platycerium andinum B. viene siendo destruido de manera desmesurada, ocasionado por actividades antropogénicas, como la extracción de madera, incendios forestales, migración y cambio de uso de la tierra, lo que ha conducido a la especie a que actualmente se encuentre en peligro de extinción, sumándose a ello la extracción de la especie por su exuberante belleza para su comercialización como planta ornamental, asimismo a que sus esporas son difíciles de germinar en condiciones naturales. Además, no se cuenta con una metodología para la propagación in vitro de esta especie. La presente investigación tiene como objetivos determinar la concentración adecuada de hipoclorito de sodio para la obtención de esporas de Platycerium andinum B. libre de patógenos para su óptima germinación y evaluar tres medios de cultivo para determinar el medio más adecuado para la propagación de los gametofitos a través de cultivo in vitro. Las esporas fueron obtenidas de frondas fértiles de plantas adultas de Platicerium andinum B. haciendo un raspado de estas. Previa exposición de las esporas a una temperatura de 30 °C por espacio de 12 horas en estufa, estas fueron desinfectadas en una jeringa de 20 ml. en la cámara de flujo laminar con hipoclorito de sodio a tres diferentes concentraciones (T1: 0.5%, T2: 1% y T3: 1.5 %) por un tiempo de 20 minutos y cuatro enjuagues con agua destilada estéril; obteniendo como mejor resultando con el tratamiento T3: (1.5 %). La germinación de las esporas fue evaluada a partir de los 10 días, tiempo en el cual comenzaron a germinar y a los 30 días ya se tenía abundante tejido gametofitico; se evaluó a través del Índice de Germinación de las esporas (IG) utilizando la escala de abundancia-cobertura de Braun-Blanquet (Mermoz y Martín, 1993 modificada por Ramírez et al., 2000) llegando a los 60 días a la escala 5 (Cualquier número de gametofitos con cobertura mayor de 75%). En cuanto a la determinación del  mejor medio de cultivo para la propagación in vitro de gametofitos se trabajó con tres medios MSB (T1, T2 y T3) con aditivos de 0.4 ml. de thiamina, 0.5 de ácido nicotínico, 2 gramos de carbón activado y 20 gramos de sacarosa; con 100 ml de agua de coco en T2, y 200 ml en T3, obteniéndose como mejor resultado al tratamiento T1: (M y S Basal, con adición de 0.4 ml. de thiamina, 0.5 de ácido nicotínico, 2 gramos de carbón activado y 20 gramos de sacarosa). Descriptores: Gametofito, haploide, esporas, cultivo in vitro. Abstract Forests department of San Martin, habitat of Platycerium andinum B. is being destroyed disproportionately, caused by anthropogenic activities such as logging, forest fires, migration and changing land use, which has led to the species to which is currently in danger of extinction, adding to it the extraction of the species for its lush beauty for marketing as ornamental plant, also to the spores are difficult to germinate under natural conditions. Also, we do not have a methodology for in vitro propagation of the species. This research aims to determine the appropriate concentration of sodium hypochlorite to obtain spores of Platycerium andinum B., free of pathogens for optimum germination and evaluate three culture media to determine the most suitable medium for the propagation of the gametophytes through in vitro culture. The spores were obtained from fertile fronds of adult plants of Platicerium andinum B. making a scraping of these. Prior exposure of spores at a temperature of 30 °C for 12 hours in an oven, these were disinfected in a 20 ml syringe. In laminar flow chamber with sodium hypochlorite at three different concentrations (T1: 0.5%, T2: T3 1%: 1.5%) for a time of 20 minutes and four rinses with sterile distilled water; obtaining as being better with the treatment T3 (1.5%). The spore germination was evaluated after 10 days, at which time began to germinate and after 30 days we had plenty gametophytic tissue; it was evaluated through the germination rate of the spores (IG) using the scale of abundance-coverage Braun-Blanquet (Mermoz and Martin, 1993 as amended by Ramirez et al., 2000) coming to 60 days through 5 scale (Any number of gametophytes more coverage 75%). As for determining the best medium for the in vitro propagation of gametophytes we worked with three media MSB (T1, T2 and T3) with additives of 0.4 ml. thiamine, 0.5 nicotinic acid, 2 grams of activated carbon and 20 g of sucrose; with 100 ml of coconut water in T2, and 200 ml in T3, obtaining as best result for T1 (M and S Basal, added 0.4 ml thiamine, 0.5 nicotinic acid, 2 grams of activated carbon and 20 grams of sucrose). Keywords: Gametophyte, haploid spores, in vitro culture.


2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
ROSMAINA ROSMAINA ◽  
DINNI ARYANI

Conventional propagation of Nepenthes was difficult to do. To overcome the problems were required alternative method such as in vitro propagation. The objective of this research was to obtain the best treatment of BAP + NAA on shoot multiplication of Nepenthes through in vitro culture. The research design used Randomized Completely Design consist of seven treatments, e.g. 1) ½ MS0 (control); 2) ½ MS + 1 ppm BAP + 0.5 ppm NAA; 3) ½ MS + 1 ppm BAP + 1 ppm NAA; 4) ½ MS + 1.5 ppm BAP + 0.5 ppm NAA; 5) ½ MS + 1.5 ppm BAP + 1 ppm NAA; 6) ½ MS + 2 ppm BAP + 0.5 ppm NAA dan 7) ½ MS + 2 ppm BAP + 1 ppm NAA. The parameter observed were number of shoot, number of nodul, number of leafs, number of pitcher and number of root. The result of this research showed that treatment of ½ MS + 1 ppm BAP + 1 ppm NAA is the best treatment compared to others. At induction stage, this treatment can produce the number of shoot, number of nodul, and number of root were 1.6 shoots/explant, 10.8 nodul/explant and 3.6 root/explant, respectively. At subculture, this treatment can produce the number of shoot, number of leafs, and number of pitcher were 5.8 shoots/explant, 12.4 leafs/explant and 5.2 pitcher/explant, respectively.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Yusuf Sigit Ahmad Fauzan ◽  
. Supriyanto ◽  
Teuku Tajuddin

Effectiveness of Mercury Chloride (HgCl2) in Sterilization of Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) In VitroThe main obstacle in obtaining sterile materials in in vitro cultures derived from meristems is high level of surface contamination caused by fungi and bacteria, which often results in explant death. The objective of this study was to obtain an appropriate mercury chloride (HgCl2) concentration for the sterilization of Tectona grandis nodes in in vitro culture. One cm long-sized nodes with 0.2 mm diameter were immersed in HgCl2at concentrations of 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg/L for 3 minutes. The results showed that the higher concentration of HgCl2was able to suppress the growth of fungi and bacteria and increased the percentage of aseptic explants. The best HgCl2concentration was 300 mg/L since it suppressed the growth of fungi and bacteria up to 100% and 75%, respectively, and produced the highest aseptic explants of 85% at 9 days after treatment. The small sized explants supported the sterilization process and reduced browning levels.Keywords: Browning, HgCl2, in vitro, sterilization, T. grandisABSTRAKKendala utama dalam mendapatkan material steril pada kultur in vitro yang berasal dari meristem adalah tingginya tingkat kontaminasi permukaan yang disebabkan oleh jamur dan bakteri, dan sering menyebabkan kematian eksplan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh konsentrasi merkuri klorida (HgCl2) yang tepat untuk sterilisasi eksplan tunas samping tanaman jati (Tectona grandis) pada kultur in vitro. Tunas samping berukuran 1 cm dan diameter 0,2 mm direndam dalam HgCl2 pada konsentrasi 0, 100, 200 dan 300 mg/L selama 3 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan konsentrasi HgCl2 yang semakin tinggi mampu menekan pertumbuhan jamur dan bakteri pada eksplan serta meningkatkan persentase eksplan aseptik. HgCl2 dengan konsentrasi 300 mg/L merupakan konsentrasi terbaik karena dapat menekan pertumbuhan jamur hingga 100% dan bakteri mencapai 75%, serta menghasilkan tingkat eksplan aseptik dan hidup tertinggi yaitu sebesar 85% pada 9 hari setelah perlakuan. Ukuran eksplan yang kecil mendukung proses sterilisasi dan mengurangi tingkat browning. Kata kunci: HgCl2,in vitro, pencoklatan jaringan, sterilisasi, T. grandis, Received: 02 November 2017                 Accepted: 14 December 2017                Published: 29 December 2017


2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Teuku Tajuddin ◽  
Karyanti . ◽  
Tati Sukarnih ◽  
Nadirman Haska

Hutan sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) dapat ditemukan dalam area yang cukup luas di wilayah Maluku dan Papua. Besarnya keanekaragaman hayati dari pohon sagu dapat dilihat di areal ini. Pohon sagu tumbuh secara alami terutama di daerah dataran atau rawa dengan sumber yang air melimpah. Tanaman sagu dapat diperbanyak dengan metode generatif melalui biji, dan vegetatif melalui tunas anakan. Dalam rangka mendukung perbanyakan pohon induk yang unggul secara in vitro dalam skala besar, perbaikan metode sterilisasi tunas anakan mutlak diperlukan. Tunas anakan muda (15-20 cm) yang diperoleh dari Propinsi Papua digunakan sebagai eksplan. Tujuan percobaan sterilisasi ini dilakukan untuk mendukung perbanyakan pohon sagu secara in vitro. Pada percobaan ini antibiotik digunakan untuk membersihkan jaringan internal eksplan dari jamur dan bakteri. Hasil percobaan ini menunjukkan bahwa campuran alkohol dan antibiotik dapat menekan pertumbuhan kontaminan.Kata kunci: Antibiotik, kontaminan jamur dan bakteri, kultur in vitro, metode sterilisasi, sagu ABSTRACTNatural sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) forest can be found in large area in Maluku and Papua regions. There are wide genetic diversities of sago palm found in these areas. This palm grows along riverbanks and in swampy areas which are not suitable for other crops. Sago palm is propagated generatively by seed and vegetatively by suckers. With the purpose of establishing the in vitro culture method for a large-scale of mass clonally propagation of superior genotypes of sago palm, generating sterilized explants are very important. Young suckers (15-20 cm) obtained from areas of Papua Province were used as explants. The sterilization experiments were carrying out to support the tissue culture of sago palm. Sterilization was conducted using antibiotics in order to get rid of fungi and bacteria from inner part of explants tissues. The results showed that from all sterilization methods tested, the best result was treatment using alcohol and antibiotic as disinfectant agents.Keywords: Antibiotics, fungi and bacteria contaminants, in vitro culture, sterilization method, sago palm


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document