Hepatics alterations and genotoxic effects of Croton cajucara Benth (SACACA) in diabetic rats

CONTEXT: Croton cajucara Benth is a plant found in Amazonia, Brazil and the bark and leaf infusions of this plant have been popularly used to treat diabetes and hepatic disorders. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated effects hepatics alterations and genotoxic and antidiabetic effect of Croton cajucara Benth bark extracts treatment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: control rats; control rats treated with Croton cajucara Benth extract during 5 and 20 days; diabetic rats, and diabetic rats treated with Croton cajucara Benth during 5 and 20 days. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg). Eight weeks later we measured glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and hepatic transaminases on blood. The bone marrow micronucleus assay was used to assess the genotoxic activity of Croton cajucara Benth. RESULTS: Treatment with aqueous extrat of Croton cajucara was able to significantly reduce levels of triglycerides in diabetic animals, however, did not modify significantly the levels of glucose and cholesterol in these animals. There was no significant elevation in liver transaminases in the control group treated with Croton cajucara Benth, as there was no genotoxic effect of treatment in this model. Our results did not show a significant effect on glucose and cholesterol reduction, the treatment was able to significantly reduce triclycerides plasmatic level. There was no significant alterations on hepatic transferase in the animals from the control group treated with Croton cajucara Benth. It was observed no genotoxic effect of the treatment in the model studied. CONCLUSION: In this study Croton cajucara bark extract showed absence of hepatotoxicity in this animal model and presented a hypolipidemic activity, and could be used to reverse dyslipidemia associated with diabetes and to prevent the cardiovascular complications that are very prevalent in diabetic patients.

Download Full-text

Morphological Changes of Gingiva in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2009/725628 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C. Tesseromatis ◽

A. Kotsiou ◽

H. Parara ◽

E. Vairaktaris ◽

M. Tsamouri

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Histological Investigation ◽

Bacterial Diseases ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽

Routine Assay

Gingivitis and periodontitis are chronic bacterial diseases of the underlying and surrounding tooth tissues. Diabetes mellitus is responsible for tooth deprivation both by decay and periodontal disease. The streptozotocin-induced diabetes results in a diabetic status in experimental animals similar to that observed in diabetes patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the gingival lesions and the microangiopathy changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups (control and experimental). Diabetes mellitus was induced by 45 mg/kg IV streptozotocin. The histological investigation of the marginal gingival and the relevant gingival papilla showed inflammation of the lamina propria and the squamous epithelium as well as marked thickness of the arteriole in the diabetic group, but no changes were observed in the control group. The results suggested a probable application of a routine gingival histological investigation in diabetic patients in order to control the progress of disease complications. It may be concluded that histological gingival investigation can be used as a routine assay for the control of the diabetic disease and prevention of its complications.

Download Full-text

Hypoglycemic, Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Ethanolic Root Bark Extract of Chrysophyllum albidum in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v12i3.12721 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 298-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chika Anna Onyeka ◽

Agnes Akudo Nwakanma ◽

Adeola Airat Bakare ◽

Ini Ibehe Okoko ◽

Uzozie Chikere Ofoego ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Medical Science ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Bark ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Objective: The study was aimed at investigating the hypoglycemic, antioxidant and Hepatoprotective effects of Chrysophyllum albidum in diabetes induced male Wistar rats. Methods: Ethanol root bark extract was administered to thirty rats of six groups A, B, C, D, E and F of five rats each, weighing between 150-170g. Diabetes was induced in Groups B, C, D, E and F using a single intraperitoneal injection of 140mg/kg of Alloxan after an overnight fast. Group A served as the normal control while Group B served as the diabetic control. Group C had metformin of 500mg while Groups D, E and F received 50, 100 and 200mg/kg / bw/ day of the plant extract respectively through orogastric intubation. All the animals were given normal rat chow and water freely. Blood glucose level was determined and the experiment lasted for 3 weeks. On day 21 after an overnight fast, animal were anaesthetized and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture under inhaled chloroform for the determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays. The liver function test, ALT, AST and ALP was determined. Result: This showed that C. albidum and metformin significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the Fasting blood glucose (FBS), the activities of SOD and CAT was dose- dependently increase when compared to the diabetic control and there was also a reduction of MDA in the treated groups. There was decrease in the activity of ALT, AST and ALP, which was also dose-dependent. Conclusion: The results showed that the plant has significant antidiabetic activity and could therefore be employed for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in which free radicals are implicated.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 03 July 13 Page 298-304 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i3.12721

Download Full-text

HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF BANANA PEEL FLOUR ON HISTOLOGICAL AND LIVER FUNCTION IN DIABETIC RATS

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY ◽

10.22146/ijp.1917 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 529-538

Author(s):

Herlin Ajeng Nurrahma ◽

Andreanyta Meliala ◽

Paramita Narwidina ◽

Sri Herwiyanti

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Hepatoprotective Effect ◽

Banana Peel ◽

Control Group ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Hepatic Enzyme ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Group I ◽

Male Wistar Rats

In diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely linked to hyperglycemia metabolism. This study aimed to find out how a banana peel supplemented diet affected histological and liver function changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, antioxidants, and tryptophan are all contained in banana peel flour (BPF). Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that has been linked to depression and anxiety. This post-test-only control group study was conducted on twenty-five male Wistar rats which were separated into five groups with different treatments. Groups II to V were diabetic rats model groups that consumed standard diet mixed with BPF 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%, respectively, while group I was a healthy control group fed a standard diet. Hepatic enzyme transaminase (Alanine Aminotransferase-ALT and Aspartate Aminotransferase - AST) and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining were analyzed with the NAFLD score to examine the liver function and hepatocellular morphology. A change in liver function was observed, as well as a substantial change in the levels of ALT and AST. The NAFLD score with HE staining showed substantial improvements in liver morphology, which was better seen at a 20% BPF dose. The current study supported the hypothesis that BPF had a hepatoprotective effect in diabetic rats, which may be due to the mechanism of controlling the hepatic enzyme transaminase and inducing liver regeneration.

Download Full-text

Changes in Cardiac Levels of Caspase-8, Bcl-2 and NT-proBNP Following 4 Weeks of Aerobic Exercise in Diabetic Rats

International journal of basic science in medicine ◽

10.15171/ijbsm.2017.32 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 172-177

Author(s):

Saeid Tanoorsaz ◽

Naser Behpoor ◽

Vahid Tadibi

Keyword(s):

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Training Session ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Caspase 8

Introduction: Cardiac apoptosis is one of the most important cardiovascular complications of diabetes. We aimed to investigate the changes of caspase-8, Bcl-2, and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in cardiac tissue after 4 weeks of aerobic exercise in male rats with diabetes. Methods: Forty adult male rats were randomly allocated to healthy control, diabetes, control + exercise and exercise + diabetes groups. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) solution (55 mg/kg). Two weeks after injection, fasting blood glucose levels were measured. After the induction of diabetes, the exercise program was performed for 4 weeks (5 sessions per week) at a speed of 15 to 18 m/min for 25 to 44 minutes. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, the subjects were anesthetized and the heart muscle was removed. Caspase-8, Bcl-2 and NT-proBNP levels were measured by ELISA method. Results: The induction of diabetes in the control group resulted in a significant increase in caspase-8, and NT-proBNP levels while an insignificant increase was observed for Bcl-2 levels (P<0.05). In non-diabetic groups, exercise caused no changes in caspase-8, NT-proBNP and Bcl-2 (P<0.05). Exercise in diabetic groups significantly decreased NT-proBNP while no changes were observed in caspase-8 and Bcl-2 (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings showed that diabetes increases the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic agent. In addition, 4 weeks of regular aerobic exercises can be used as a non-pharmacological strategy to reduce the complications of apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyocytes.

Download Full-text

Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on antioxidant gene expression and kidney injury in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Journal of Nephropathology ◽

10.15171/jnp.2019.06 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 6-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Parisa Jamor ◽

Hassan Ahmadvand ◽

Hesam Ashoory ◽

Esmaeel Babaeenezhad

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Lipoic Acid ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Alpha Lipoic Acid ◽

The Impact ◽

Gpx Activity

Background: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is involved in the initiation, progression, and complications of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. Objectives: In the current study, the impact of alpha-lipoic acid (LA), a natural antioxidant and a cofactor in the enzyme complexes on MPO, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level, histopathology of kidney and expression of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), GPx and CAT which are involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), was evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 male Rattus norvegicus rats randomly divided into three groups; control (C), non-treated diabetic (NTD), and LA-treated diabetics (LATD) was induced by alloxan monohydrate (100mg/kg; subcutaneous [SC]). Then treatment was performed with alphaLA (100 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p) daily to 6 weeks). Blood sample of animals collected to measure levels of MPO, CAT and GPx activity GSH and MDA. Kidney paraffin sections were prepared to estimate histological studies and to measure quantitative gene expression SOD, GPX and CAT in kidney. Results: Induction of diabetes led to a significant increase in MPO and MDA, reduced GSH level and GPx and CAT activities (P < 0.05). However, treatment with alpha-LA led to a significant elevation in GPx, CAT and GSH levels with a reduction in MPO activities and MDA levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis results showed increased expressions of GPx, CAT and SOD enzyme in the treatment group compared with the diabetic control group. Histopathological lesions such as increased glomerular volume and lymphocyte infiltration were attenuated in the alpha-LA treated group. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that alpha-LA supplementation is effective in preventing complications induced by oxidative stress and atherosclerosis in diabetic rats.

Download Full-text

The Haematological Effects of Oleanolic Acid in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Effects on Selected Markers

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2019/6753541 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Charity M. Baloyi ◽

A. Khathi ◽

Ntethelelo H. Sibiya ◽

Phikelelani S. Ngubane

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Oleanolic Acid ◽

Blood Glucose Concentration ◽

Glycated Haemoglobin ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Rbc Indices ◽

Notable Increase

Background. Sustained hyperglycaemia leads to the development of haematological alterations which, if left untreated, is associated with cardiovascular complications. Insulin is the mainstay drug in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D); however, the use of insulin is associated with haematological alterations that could further worsen cardiovascular complications. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the haematological effects of oleanolic acid (OA) in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats. Methods. The animals were separated into five groups; the nondiabetic group (ND), the diabetic control group (DC), and the treatment groups of insulin (170 μg/kg, s.c), metformin (500 mg/kg, p.o), and OA (80 mg/kg, p.o). OA was administered orally twice a day. Thereafter, the animals were sacrificed, and blood and tissues were collected for haematological, hormonal, and oxidative status analysis. Results. Untreated diabetic rats exhibited hyperglycaemia, elevated glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), oxidative stress, and a reduced erythropoietin (EPO) concentration when compared to ND rats. However, administration of OA attenuated hyperglycaemia, HbA1c, and EPO concentrations compared to DC rats. The reduction of blood glucose concentration, HbA1c, and improved EPO concentrations was further associated with a notable increase in red blood cell (RBC) count and other RBC indices. We also observed an increase in the antioxidant status of the RBCs with a concomitant decrease in oxidative stress. Conclusion. These findings suggest that OA improves diabetes-induced haematological changes caused by hyperglycaemia and attenuates the progression of cardiovascular complications in DM individuals.

Download Full-text

Utility of Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase-1 and Osteopontin as Prospective Biomarkers of Early Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2018.081 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 314-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Doaa Samir Salah El-Din ◽

Ahmed Ibrahim Amin ◽

Ahmed Osman Egiza

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Tissue Inhibitor ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Clinical Measurements

AIM: This work investigated associations between tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 and diabetic cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetic patients; also it investigated the role of osteopontin in the diagnosis of type 2 cardiovascular diabetes complications.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: These were examined on eighty subjects, divided into three groups as follows: twenty volunteer healthy control subjects, thirty type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, and thirty cardiovascular, diabetic patients. Full clinical measurements were carried out, and the expression level of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 in blood samples was analysed by real-time PCR, using gene-specific primer pairs. Also osteopontin concentrations had been measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were tested statistically by parametric tests.RESULTS: The concentrations of osteopontin and the expression levels of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 were significantly increased in diabetic and cardiovascular diabetic groups compared to control group also they were significantly increased in the cardiovascular diabetic group compared to the diabetic group.CONCLUSION: Tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 and osteopontin concentrations were significantly increased in diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications than other groups.

Download Full-text

Sardine proteins (Sardina pilchardus) combined with green lemon zest (Citrus latifolia) improve blood pressure, lipid profile and redox status in diabetic hypertensive rats

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-10-2017-0218 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 654-668 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

HadjMostefa Khelladi ◽

Djamil Krouf ◽

Nawal Taleb-Dida

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Redox Status ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Reduce Blood Pressure ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Content Type ◽

Protein Group ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Tbars Values

Purpose This paper aims to study the effect of green lemon zest combined with sardine proteins in diabetic hypertensive rats (DHRs). Design/methodology/approach Male Wistar rats (n = 30) weighing 250 ± 10 g were divided into five groups. The first group consumed a diet containing 20 per cent casein (C). The other four groups are rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg body weight), then hypertensive by subcutaneous implantation controlled time-release pellet containing ouabain (0.25 mg/pellet). One untreated group (DHR) consumed 20 per cent casein and the three other groups consumed the same diet supplemented with 2 per cent green lemon zest (DHR-lz), or with 20 per cent of sardine protein (group DHR-sp) or with the combination of both sardine proteins and green lemon zest (group DHR-sp + lz). Findings DHRs feeding on the combination of both sardine protein (sp) and lemon zest (lz) induced a significant decrease of diastolic blood pressure and heart rates values compared with DHR (p < 0.05). The HDLC values were increased by +55 per cent in DHR-sp + lz compared with DHR group. Moreover, plasma non-HDLC concentrations were decreased significantly compared to DHR, DHR-lz, DHR-sp and C groups. In DHR-sp + lzvs DHR group, TBARS values were decreased by −25 per cent in the liver. Moreover, kidney TBARS were significantly reduced by −66, −51, −65 and −67 per cent compared with C, DHR, DHR-lz and DHR-sp, respectively. Originality/value These results suggest that consumption of green lemon zest combined with sardine proteins can reduce blood pressure and tissue oxidative damage and, therefore, help to prevent cardiovascular complications in hypertensive diabetic patients.

Download Full-text

Hypoglicemic and Hypolipedimic Effects of Ganoderma lucidum in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Medicines ◽

10.3390/medicines5030078 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 78 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Erna Bach ◽

Edgar Hi ◽

Ana Martins ◽

Paloma Nascimento ◽

Nilsa Wadt

Keyword(s):

Ganoderma Lucidum ◽

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Food Supplement ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Diabetic Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Beta Glucan ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Normoglycemic Control

Background:Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. Ex. Fr) Karst is a basidiomycete mushroom that has been used for many years as a food supplement and medicine. In Brazil, National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) classified Ganoderma lucidum as a nutraceutical product. The objective of the present work was to observe the effects of an extract from Ganoderma lucidum in rats treated with streptozotocin, and an agent that induces diabetes. Method: Male Wistar rats were obtained from the animal lodging facilities of both University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE) and Lusiada Universitary Center (UNILUS) with approval from the Ethics Committee for Animal Research. Animals were separated into groups: (1) C: Normoglycemic control water; (2) CE: Normoglycemic control group that received hydroethanolic extract (GWA); (3) DM1 + GWA: Diabetic group that received extract GWA; and (4) DM1: Diabetic group that received water. The treatment was evaluated over a 30-day period. Food and water were weighted, and blood plasma biochemical analysis performed. Results: G. lucidum extract contained beta-glucan, proteins and phenols. Biochemical analysis indicated a decrease of plasma glycemic and lipid levels in DM rats induced with streptozotocin and treated with GWA extract. Histopathological analysis from pancreas of GWA-treated DM animals showed preservation of up to 50% of pancreatic islet total area when compared to the DM control group. In plasma, Kyn was present in diabetic rats, while in treated diabetic rats more Trp was detected. Conclusion: Evaluation from G. lucidum extract in STZ-hyperglycemic rats indicated that the extract possesses hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities. Support: Proj. CNPq 474681/201.

Download Full-text

The Protective Effect of Marigold Hydroalcoholic Extract in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats: Evaluation of Cardiac and Pancreatic Biomarkers in the Serum

Journal of Botany ◽

10.1155/2016/9803928 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Esmaeel Ebrahimi ◽

Saeed Shirali ◽

Rahman Talaei

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Antioxidant Property ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽

Diabetic Control Group ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder worldwide and it is usually along with complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing and its treatment has created concerns in society. The use of herbal medicine can be helpful in the management of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of marigold hydroalcoholic extract under diabetes condition. A total of 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, diabetic control group, and groups treated with 250 or 500 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of marigold flower during four weeks. At the end of the study, the rats were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine, and sampling was performed through cardiac puncture. The results showed that treatment with marigold improved body weight. In addition, we determined that marigold normalized the level of CK-MB, total CK, amylase, and lipase in a dose-dependent manner. Probably these effects resulted from antioxidant property of marigold; thus we suggest that marigold flower can be useful for reduction of diabetes complication.

Download Full-text