scholarly journals Cytomegalovirus seroepidemiology in an urban community of São Paulo, Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
LNB Almeida ◽  
RS Azevedo ◽  
M Amaku ◽  
E Massad
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
First Year ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
First Year Of Life

INTRODUCTION: After the era of rubella vaccine, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is one of the most frequently causes of mental retardation and congenital deafness. Seroepidemiological studies are necessary to understand the transmission dynamics of the disease. The purpose of the study was to quantify the transmission rate of CMV disease in a community in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Using ELISA test (IgG), a retrospective serological survey looking for CMV antibodies was performed in an non-immunized community. Frozen sera from 443 individuals, randomly selected by cluster sampling technique in the town of Caieiras, São Paulo, were collected from November 1990 to January 1991. Seroprevalence was stratified by age (0-40 years). Mathematical techniques were applied to determine the age-dependent decay function of maternal antibodies during the first year of life, the age-dependent seroprevalence function and the force of infection for CMV in this community. RESULTS: It was observed a descending phase of seropositivity in the first 9 months, but changes in antibody titration were observed between 8 months old and one year of age. The average age of the first infection was 5.02 months of age and 19.84 years, when the age-dependent seroprevalence and the force of infection were analyzed between 10 months of age and 10 years of age and from 10 to 40 years old, respectively. CONCLUSION: CMV infection is highly prevalent among the population studied and infection occurs in the first year of life. This study shows that most women at reproductive age are vulnerable to the first infection, increasing the risk for congenital infection.

scholarly journals Rubella seroepidemiology in a non-immunized population of São Paulo State, Brazil

1994 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. De Azevedo Neto ◽  
A. S. B. Silveira ◽  
D. J. Nokes ◽  
H. M. Yang ◽  
S. D. Passos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
Mathematical Techniques ◽  
Rates Of Decay

SUMMARYA rubella serological survey of 476 individuals selected by cluster sampling technique from Caieiras, a small town located in the outskirts of São Paulo city, southeastern Brazil, was carried out over the period November 1990–January 1991. The aim of the study was to characterize rubella epidemiology in a representative non-immunized community in south east Brazil. The survey comprised a seroprevalence study, stratified by age (0–40 years) and a seroconversion study of rubella vaccine in non-infected children below 2 years of age. Mathematical techniques were applied to resultant data sets to determine the age dependent rates of decay in the proportion of individuals with maternally derived antibodies, vaccine seroconversion, and infection of susceptibles, termed the force of infection, and to estimate the average age at first infection.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Wheezing Disorders in Infants in the First Year of Life Living in Sao Paulo, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Bianca ◽  
G. Wandalsen ◽  
J. Mallol ◽  
D. Sole
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
First Year ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Socioeconomic diversities and infant development at 6 to 9 months in a poverty area of São Paulo, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Tella ◽  
Luciane da Rosa Piccolo ◽  
Mayra Lemus Rangel ◽  
Luis Augusto Rohde ◽  
Guilherme Vanoni Polanczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
First Year ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Poverty Area ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Introduction The effects of socioeconomic disparities on cognitive development tend to emerge early in infancy and to widen throughout childhood, and may perpetuate later in life. Although the study of how poverty affects early childhood has increased in the last 20 years, many of the effects remain largely unknown, especially during the first year of life. Aim To investigate the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) and maternal education on infants’ language, motor and cognitive development. Methods The cognitive, language and motor skills of 444 infants aged 6 to 9 months selected from a poor neighborhood in São Paulo, Brazil, were evaluated using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. A questionnaire on socioeconomic background was administered to the participants’ families. Results A positive association was found between SES and infants’ performance on language and motor scales. Additionally, higher maternal education was associated with higher language and cognitive scores. Conclusion Our findings indicate that SES effects are detectable very early in infancy. This result has implications for the timing of both screening and intervention efforts to help children overcome the consequences of living in poverty.

scholarly journals Prevention of anemia in the first year of life in health centers of Santo André, São Paulo

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia C. Szarfarc ◽  
Gabriele Berg ◽  
Alice L. S. Santos ◽  
Sônia Buongermino de Souza ◽  
Carlos A. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
First Year ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Factors associated with the prevalence of hypertension and control practices among elderly residents of São Paulo city, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2275-2286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telma de Almeida Busch Mendes ◽  
Moisés Goldbaum ◽  
Neuber José Segri ◽  
Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros ◽  
Chester Luiz Galvão César ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
And Control

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of hypertension and control practices among the elderly. The survey analyzed data from 872 elderly people in São Paulo, Brazil, through a cluster sampling, stratified according to education and income. A Poisson multiple regression model checked for the existence of factors associated with hypertension. The prevalence of self-reported hypertension among the elderly was 46.9%. Variables associated with hypertension were self-rated health, alcohol consumption, gender, and hospitalization in the last year, regardless of age. The three most common measures taken to control hypertension, but only rarely, are oral medication, routine salt-free diet and physical activity. Lifestyle and socioeconomic status did not affect the practice of control, but knowledge about the importance of physical activity was higher among those older people with higher education and greater income. The research suggests that health policies that focus on primary care to encourage lifestyle changes among the elderly are necessary.

scholarly journals Clinical and demographic profile of users of a mental health system for medical residents and other health professionals undergoing training at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo

2004 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Fagnani Neto ◽  
Cristina Sueko Obara ◽  
Paula Costa Mosca Macedo ◽  
Vanessa Albuquerque Cítero ◽  
Luiz Antonio Nogueira-Martins
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Medical Residents ◽  
First Year ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Leave Of Absence ◽  
Seeking Help

CONTEXT: A postgraduate and resident trainee mental health assistance center was created in September 1996 within our university. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and demographic profile of its users. TYPE OF STUDY: Retrospective. SETTING: Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp-EPM). METHODS: The study was carried between September 1996 and November 2002, when 233 semi-structured registration forms were filled out either by the psychologist or the psychiatrist during their first contact with the trainees, who were medical and nursing residents, and postgraduate students at specialization, master or doctoral levels. The registration forms included demographic, occupational and clinical data. RESULTS: The trainees were predominantly young (mean of 27 years old), single (82.0% of cases), women (79.4%), seeking help especially during the first year of training (63.1%). In 70.8% of the cases, they came to the service spontaneously. Such individuals showed greater adherence to the treatment than those who were referred by supervisors (p < 0.05). In 30% of the cases, the trainee sought psychological guidance or support at the service due to specific situational conflicts. Depression and anxiety disorders were the most frequent diagnoses; 22.3% of the trainees followed up mentioned a tendency towards suicidal thoughts. In comparison with other trainees, there was a higher prevalence of males among the medical residents (p < 0.01), with more cases of sleep disorders (p < 0.05), a smaller number of individuals refraining from the use of alcohol (p < 0.05) and a higher number of trainees requiring leave of absence (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: The first year of training in health sciences is the most stressful, especially for women. Depression and anxiety symptoms are common, reflecting transitory self-limited deadaptation. However, the severity of the cases can also be evaluated in view of the large number of trainees who mentioned suicidal tendencies. CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasizes the need and importance of providing formal, structured and confidential mental health services for medical residents and postgraduate students from other health professions, in the training programs of academic institutions.

scholarly journals The measurement by serological means of the impact of the Hong Kong/68 influenza virus on a population

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alberto N. Candeias ◽  
Marguerite S. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
First Year ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The Impact

In order to obtain evidence on the size of the impact of the Hong Kong/68 variant of influenza A2 virus on the population of São Paulo, Brazil, serum samples taken in 1967 before this variant appeared and during successive years after it appeared were examined for their antibody content. Haemagglutination-inhibition tests performed on a total of 2726 serum samples from adults showed a sharp decrease in 1969 of the proportion of sera without antibody to the Hong Kong/68 variant and a corresponding mercase in the proportion with high titres. It was concluded that about three-quarters of the adult population became infected at some time after the variant appeared, the majority in the first year of prevalence.

scholarly journals Cytomegalovirus IgG Level and Avidity in Breastfeeding Infants of HIV-Infected Mothers in Malawi

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1222-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athena P. Kourtis ◽  
Jeffrey Wiener ◽  
Tiffany S. Chang ◽  
Sheila C. Dollard ◽  
Minal M. Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Random Subset ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Igg Level

ABSTRACTCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is common among infants of HIV-infected mothers in resource-limited settings. We examined the prevalence and timing of infant CMV infection during the first year of life using IgG antibody and avidity among HIV-exposed infants in Malawi and correlated the results with the presence of detectable CMV DNA in the blood. The Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals and Nutrition (BAN) study randomized 2,369 mothers and their infants to maternal antiretrovirals, infant nevirapine, or neither for 28 weeks of breastfeeding, followed by weaning. Stored plasma specimens were tested for CMV IgG and antibody avidity from a random subset of infants who had been previously tested with blood CMV PCR and had available specimens at birth and at 24 and 48 weeks of age. Ninety-four of 127 infants (74.0%) tested at 24 weeks of age had CMV IgG of low or intermediate avidity, signifying primary CMV infections. An additional 22 infants (17.3%) had IgG of high avidity; 19 of them had CMV DNA detected in their blood, indicating infant infections. Taken together, these results show that the estimated prevalence of CMV infection at 24 weeks was 88.9%. By 48 weeks of age, 81.3% of infants had anti-CMV IgG; most of them (70.9%) had IgG of high avidity. The CMV serology and avidity testing, combined with the PCR results, confirmed a high rate of primary CMV infection by 6 months of life among breastfeeding infants of HIV-infected mothers. The CMV PCR in blood detected most, but not all, infant CMV infections.

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