Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in rural villages of the Bolivian Amazon

Cervical cancer constitutes a major health problem in developing countries like Bolivia. The roles of certain genotypes of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer is well established. The prevalence of HPV infection among sexually active women varies greatly. Information regarding HPV infection in Bolivia is very much scarce, specially in regions like the Amazonian lowland. We studied 135 healthy women living in four rural localities of the Bolivian Amazon. Presence of HPV in DNA extracted from cervical swabs was analyzed using a reverse line hybridization assay. The estimated overall HPV infection prevalence among the studied rural localities was 5.9% (ranging from 0-16.6%). These values were unexpectedly low considering Bolivia has a high incidence of cervical cancer. The fact that Amazonian people seem to be less exposed to HPV, makes it likely that some other risk factors including host lifestyle behaviors and genetic background may be involved in the development of cervical cancer in this population.

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The Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Cancer

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2007/914823 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 213-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 181

Author(s):

F. Xavier Bosch ◽

Silvia de Sanjosé

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽

Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Human Papillomaviruses ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Papillomavirus Infection ◽

Simplex Virus

Cervical cancer has been recognized as a rare outcome of a common Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI). The etiologic association is restricted to a limited number of viral types of the family of the Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs). The association is causal in nature and under optimal testing systems, HPV DNA can be identified in all specimens of invasive cervical cancer. As a consequence, it has been claimed that HPV infection is a necessary cause of cervical cancer. The evidence is consistent worldwide and implies both the Squamous Cell Carcinomas (SCC), the adenocarcinomas and the vast majority (i.e. > 95%) of the immediate precursors, namely High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (HSIL)/Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 3 (CIN3)/Carcinomain situ. Co-factors that modify the risk among HPV DNA positive women include the use of oral contraceptives (OC) for five or more years, smoking, high parity (five or more full term pregnancies) and previous exposure to other sexually transmitted diseases such as Chlamydia Trachomatis (CT) and Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2). Women exposed to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are at high risk for HPV infection, HPV DNA persistency and progression of HPV lesions to cervical cancer.

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HPV and Other Microbiota; Who’s Good and Who’s Bad: Effects of the Microbial Environment on the Development of Cervical Cancer—A Non-Systematic Review

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10030714 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 714

Author(s):

Matthias Läsche ◽

Horst Urban ◽

Julia Gallwas ◽

Carsten Gründker

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

Cervical Carcinoma ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Human Papillomaviruses ◽

Inflammatory Reactions ◽

Metabolic Signalling ◽

Microbial Environment ◽

High Risk Hpv

Cervical cancer is responsible for around 5% of all human cancers worldwide. It develops almost exclusively from an unsolved, persistent infection of the squamocolumnar transformation zone between the endo- and ecto-cervix with various high-risk (HR) human papillomaviruses (HPVs). The decisive turning point on the way to persistent HPV infection and malignant transformation is an immune system weakened by pathobionts and oxidative stress and an injury to the cervical mucosa, often caused by sexual activities. Through these injury and healing processes, HPV viruses, hijacking activated keratinocytes, move into the basal layers of the cervical epithelium and then continue their development towards the distal prickle cell layer (Stratum spinosum). The microbial microenvironment of the cervical tissue determines the tissue homeostasis and the integrity of the protective mucous layer through the maintenance of a healthy immune and metabolic signalling. Pathological microorganisms and the resulting dysbiosis disturb this signalling. Thus, pathological inflammatory reactions occur, which manifest the HPV infection. About 90% of all women contract an HPV infection in the course of their lives. In about 10% of cases, the virus persists and cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) develops. Approximately 1% of women with a high-risk HPV infection incur a cervical carcinoma after 10 to 20 years. In this non-systematic review article, we summarise how the sexually and microbial mediated pathogenesis of the cervix proceeds through aberrant immune and metabolism signalling via CIN to cervical carcinoma. We show how both the virus and the cancer benefit from the same changes in the immune and metabolic environment.

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Positivity and prevalence of human papillomavirus among a large population of Hakka women in southern China

10.21203/rs.2.9332/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sudong Liu ◽

Xiaodong Gu ◽

Ruiqiang Weng ◽

Jing Liu ◽

Zhixiong Zhong

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Screening Program ◽

Southern China ◽

Large Population ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Infection Prevalence ◽

Specific Distribution ◽

Hpv Genotypes

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are known to be the main cause of cervical cancer. Thus, detecting HPV genotypes is of great significance for cervical cancer screening. To formulate strategies for prevention of cervical cancer, we studied the HPV infection prevalence and age-specific distribution of female in Hakka area of southern China. Method From January, 2016 to July, 2018, 36,871 women from gynecological or reproductive center of Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University were recruited in this study. HPV genotypes was detected by flow cytometry method. Results HPV infection was observed in 18.34% of the participants, and approximately 79.98% of them were infected with high-risk HPV. The 5 most prevalent genotypes were HPV 52 (18.18%), HPV 16 (16.06%), HPV 58 (11.37%), HPV 53 (8.82%) and HPV 39 (6.42%). The most intensive HPV infections were observed in women aged 40-49 and women aged 30-59 added up to 79.62% of positive patients. Conclusion The high HPV infection rate in this Hakka area highlighted the necessity of screening program for HPV infection and cervical cancer among women. The findings of HPV genotypes and the age specific distribution of HPV infection in this area will contribute to the future vaccine development.

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Papillomavirus can be transmitted through the blood and produce infections in blood recipients: Evidence from two animal models

10.1101/541474 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nancy M. Cladel ◽

Pengfei Jiang ◽

Jingwei J. Li ◽

Xuwen Peng ◽

Timothy K. Cooper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Human Papillomaviruses ◽

Viral Dna ◽

Internal Organs ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Potential Source ◽

Papillomavirus Infection ◽

Blood Banks ◽

Gain Access

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infections are commonly thought to be strictly sexually transmitted. However, studies have demonstrated the presence of HPV in cancers of many non-sexual internal organs, raising the question as to how the viruses gain access to these sites. A possible connection between blood transfusion and HPV-associated disease has not received much attention. We show, in two animal models, that blood infected with papillomavirus yields infections at permissive sites. Furthermore, we demonstrate that blood from actively infected mice can transmit the infection to naïve animals. Finally, we report papillomavirus infections in the stomach tissues of animals infected via the blood. Stomach tissues are not known to be permissive for papillomavirus infection, although the literature suggests that HPVs may be associated with a subset of gastric cancers. These results indicate that the human blood supply, which is not screened for papillomaviruses, could be a potential source of HPV infection and subsequent cancers.SUMMARYHuman papillomaviruses cause 5% of human cancers. Currently, blood banks do not screen for these viruses. We demonstrate that blood transfused from papillomavirus-infected animals produces infections in recipients. Public health implications are significant if the same is true for humans.DefinitionsLocal papillomavirus infection:An infection initiated by the direct application of virus or viral DNA to the site of infectionIntravenous (IV) papillomavirus infection:An infection resulting from blood-borne delivery of virus or viral DNA to the site of infection.

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Are Muslim women less susceptible to oncogenic human papillomavirus infection? A study from rural eastern India

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200403000-00016 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 293-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

C. Duttagupta ◽

S. Sengupta ◽

M. Roy ◽

D. Sengupta ◽

P. Bhattacharya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Muslim Women ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Abnormal Cytology ◽

Papillomavirus Infection ◽

Atypical Cells ◽

Hindu Women ◽

Undetermined Significance

Muslim women are known to have lower incidences of cervical cancer and/or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Here we aim to determine any association that may be present between the oncogenic HPV16/18 infections and abnormal cytological lesions along with demographic and other attributes among Indian Muslim women (n = 478) and compare with the neighboring Hindus (n = 534) from a prospective cohort study. Agewise distribution of both subject-groups is similar. HPV16/18 infection is present in 9.6% Muslims and 7.5% Hindu women. Jointly atypical cells of undetermined significance (a typical cells of undetermined significance) and HPV16/18 are present in seven Muslim and two Hindu women. No high squamous intraepithelial lesions or cervical cancer is detected at the baseline. HPV16/18 infections show trends that varied with age, a nonlinear trend among Muslim women. In Hindu women the prevalence is highest at age ≤24 years, which linearly drops with increasing age. Abnormal cytology increases significantly in both religion-groups with increasing age. The data show that these Indian Muslim women are equally susceptible to HPV16/18 infection and for the development of abnormal cytology. There is a paucity in epidemiological data, which justifies the need to screen women of all religions for cervical cancer (that includes oncogenic HPV testing).

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PCR-detected genital papillomavirus infection: Prevalence and association with risk factors for cervical cancer

International Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1002/ijc.2910490609 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 856-860 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Thomas Rohan ◽

Valerie Mann ◽

John McLaughlin ◽

Delsworth G. Harnish ◽

He Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Infection Prevalence ◽

Papillomavirus Infection

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Strategies for Developing Oral Vaccines for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Induced Cancer using Nanoparticle mediated Delivery System

Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.18433/j3rs3v ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 220 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mohammad Nasir Uddin ◽

Samir A. Kouzi ◽

Muhammad Delwar Hussain

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Targeted Delivery ◽

Lymphoid Tissue ◽

Oral Vaccine ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Human Papillomaviruses ◽

Cold Chain ◽

Oral Vaccines ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Mass Immunization

Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) are a diverse group of small non-enveloped DNA viruses. Some HPVs are classified as low-risk as they are very rarely associated with neoplasia or cancer in the general population, and cause lenient warts. Other HPVs are considered as high-risk types because they are responsible for several important human cancers, including cervical cancer, a large proportion of other anogenital cancers, and a growing number of head and neck cancers. Transmission of HPV occurs primarily by skin-to-skin contact. The risk of contracting genital HPV infection and cervical cancer is influenced by sexual activity. Currently two prophylactic HPV vaccines, Gardasil® (Merck, USA) and Cervarix® (GlaxoSmithKline, UK), are available and recommended for mass immunization of adolescents. However, these vaccines have limitations as they are expensive and require cold chain storage and trained personnel to administer them by injection. The use of nano or micro particulate vaccines could address most of these limitations as they are stable at room temperature, inexpensive to produce and distribute to resource poor regions, and can be administered orally without the need for adjuvants in the formulation. Also it is possible to increase the efficiency of these particulate vaccines by decorating the surface of the nano or micro particulates with suitable ligands for targeted delivery. Oral vaccines, which can be delivered using particulate formulations, have the added potential to stimulate mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue located in the digestive tract and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, both of which are important for the induction of effective mucosal response against many viruses. In addition, oral vaccines provide the opportunity to reduce production and administration costs and are very patient compliant. This review elaborately discusses different strategies that can be pursued to develop a nano or micro particulate oral vaccine for HPV induced cancers and other diseases. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

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Human papillomavirus genotype distribution in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 and invasive cervical cancer among Hakka women in southern China

10.21203/rs.2.9816/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaodong Gu ◽

Ruiqiang Weng ◽

Jing Liu ◽

Sudong Liu

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Southern China ◽

Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽

Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Histological Diagnosis ◽

Infection Prevalence ◽

Genotype Distribution ◽

Hpv Genotypes

Abstract Background: To investigate HPV genotype distribution in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 (CIN2/3) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) among Hakka women in southern China. Methods: Results of HPV genotypes from women with histological diagnosis of CIN2/3 and ICC were collected from January, 2017 to December, 2018. HPV genotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry method. Association of HPV infection and lesions severity was estimated using prevalence ratio (PR). Results: Overall, 1,408 Hakka women with histological diagnosis of CIN2/3 and ICC were enrolled in this study. HPV infection prevalence was 92.92% in CIN2, 95.77% in CIN3 and 95.88% in ICC. Most frequent genotypes for CIN2 were HPV52 (31.42%), HPV16 (22.12%) and HPV58 (22.12%); for CIN3 were HPV16 (41.90%), HPV52 (20.77%) and HPV58 (18.31%); and for ICC were HPV16 (49.67%), HPV18 (11.25%) and HPV52 (9.80%). PR of HPV16 and HPV33 were significantly higher in CIN3 compared with CIN2 (PR = 2.372, 95%CI = 1.598-3.524; PR = 2.577, 95%CI = 1.250-5.310; respectively). HPV16 and HPV18 prevalence were significantly increasing in SCC compared with CIN3 (PR = 2.517, 95%CI = 1.095-5.786; PR = 2.473, 95%CI = 1.840-3.324; respectively). Most HPV infections were found in women aged 40 – 49 years in CIN2/3 and women aged 50 - 59 years in ICC. Conclusions: This is the first study of genotypes and age specific distribution of HPV infection among Hakka women with CIN2/3 and ICC in southern China. Our results provide available information for HPV vaccine development in China.

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A high yield gold nanoparticle-based DNA isolation method for human papillomaviruses genotypes from cervical cancer tissue samples

10.3762/bxiv.2019.106.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Noorossadat Seyyedi ◽

Fatemeh Farjadian ◽

Ali Farhadi ◽

Gholamreza Rafiei Dehbidi ◽

Reza Ranjbaran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Human Papillomaviruses ◽

High Yield ◽

Cancer Tissue ◽

Purification Method ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Cervical Cancer Tissue

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are commonly used in biosensors of various kinds. The purification of DNA from cancer tissues is an important step in diagnostic and therapeutic development, but current methods are not optimal. Many cervical cancer patients are also susceptible to high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection. Accurate viral diagnosis has so far relied on the extraction of adequate amounts of DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. Since the sensitivity and specificity of commercially available purification kits are not optimal, we designed a DNA purification method based on AuNPs to purify sufficient amounts of HR-HPV DNA from cervical cancer tissue samples. AuNPs were coated with a series of oligonucleotide probes to hybridize to specific DNA sequences of HR-HPV genotypes. With this method, we recovered 733 out of 800 copies of type-specific HPV DNA with complete specificity, compared to 36 copies with a standard commercial kit (Qiagen FFPE).

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Clinical and epidemiological features of papillomavirus infection manifestations on the example of cervical cancer and genital warts

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences ◽

10.15690/vramn1212 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 77-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nikolay I. Briko ◽

Marina I. Sekacheva ◽

Platon D. Lopukhov ◽

Gleb S. Kobzev ◽

Andrey D. Kaprin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Genital Warts ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Epidemiological Features ◽

Papillomavirus Infection ◽

Significant Damage ◽

Wide Range ◽

Barrier Contraception ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Background: Cervical cancer and genital warts (GWs) are some of the most common manifestations of human papillomavirus infection (HPV). These lesions cause significant damage to the reproductive health of the population, which leads to increased attention to the prevention of HPV infection among various population groups. Aims: To determine the clinical and epidemiological features of the HPV manifestations by the example of cervical cancer and genital warts. Methods: A retrospective analysis of anamnestic information of 115 women with an established diagnosis of cervical cancer and 177 patients with an established diagnosis of GWs was performed. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with diagnoses of GWs and cervical cancer were based on the development of outpatient admission cards and inpatient histories, as well as test data for HPV. Results: HPV 16 was the most common HPV type among patients with GWs and cervical cancer ― it was detected in 37.6% of cases. Also the most frequently encountered: HPV 6/18/11/31/51/52. In 43.2% cases of HPV detection, two or more types were detected at once, the most common combinations: HPV16 and HPV18, HPV6 and HPV16, HPV6 and HPV11. Analysis of the frequency of screening for cervical cancer and visits to the gynecologist for 5 years before establishing the diagnosis showed that among those who did not screen for cervical cancer, the risk of diagnosing stage IIIV was 5.2 times higher than among individuals who underwent cervical screening 2 years ago, or once a year for the last five years. Among patients with GWs who had 2 or more sexual partners for 1 year, 13.5% of patients regularly used barrier contraception methods (condoms) during sexual contact, not regularly ― 61.5%, did not use them at all ― 25.0%. Conclusions: Identifying the clinical and epidemiological features of HPV infection should contribute to the development of new and optimize existing prevention programs for a wide range of HPV-associated diseases.

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