scholarly journals Sympathetic overactivity and arrhythmias in tetanus: electrocardiographic analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Trindade Henriques Filho ◽  
Heloisa Ramos Lacerda ◽  
Afonso Albuquerque ◽  
Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Pulmonary Insufficiency ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Cardiovascular Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Sympathetic Overactivity ◽  
Determining Factor

As a result of the advances in the control of pulmonary insufficiency in tetanus, the cardiovascular system has increasingly been shown to be a determining factor in morbidity and mortality but detailed knowledge of the cardiovascular complications in tetanus is scanty. The 24h-Holter was carried out in order to detect arrhythmias and sympathetic overactivity in 38 tetanus patients admitted to an ICU. The SDNN Index (standard deviation from the normal R-to-R intervals), was useful in detecting adrenergic tonus, and ranged from 64.1 ± 27 in the more severe forms of tetanus to 125 ± 69 in the milder ones. Sympathetic overactivity occurred in 86.2% of the more severe forms of the disease, but was also detected in 33% of the milder forms. Half the patients had their sympathetic overactivity detected only by the Holter. The most frequent arrhythmias were isolated supraventricular (55.2%) and ventricular (39.4%) extrasystoles. There was no association of the arrhythmias with the clinical form of tetanus or with the presence of sympathetic overactivity. The present study demonstrated that major cardiovascular dysfunction, particularly sympathetic overactivity, occurs in all forms of tetanus, even in the milder ones. This has not been effectively detected with traditional monitoring in ICU and may not be properly treated.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular system and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Damyan Boychev ◽  
Naidenka Zlatareva ◽  
Ivo Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Stable Angina ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Registered Case

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected health and economies around the globe at an unprecedented scale. Since the fi rst registered case of Covid-19 in December of 2019 until May 2021, more than 167 mil people have been infected and more than 3.5 mil have died. Patients with cardiovascular disease are one of the most affected groups. First, because cardiovascular disease, for example, stable angina or past myocardial infarction, weakens system’s abilities of dealing with stress due to infl ammation. Secondly, because COVID-19 is associated with multiple different mechanisms of cardiovascular injury. Developing COVID-19 related cardiovascular complications is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The goal of this review is to present the known up to this moment mechanisms of cardiovascular injury and complications after COVID-19.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients treated with hemodialysis: Epidemiological analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 893-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Petrovic ◽  
Biljana Stojimirovic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Lv Mass

Background/Aim. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in patients treated with hemodialysis (HD). The annual cardiovascular mortality rate in these patients is 9%. Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, ischemic heart disease and heart failure are the most prevalent cardiovascular causes of death. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of traditional and nontraditional risk factors for cardiovascular complications, to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular complications and overall and cardiovascular mortality rate in patients on HD. Methods. We investigated a total of 115 patients undergoing HD for at least 6 months. First, a cross-sectional study was performed, followed by a two-year follow-up study. Beside standard biochemical parameters, we also determined cardiac troponins and echocardiographic parameters of LV morphology and function (LV mass index, LV fractional shortening, LV ejection fraction). The results were analyzed using the Student's t test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results. The patients with adverse outcome had significantly lower serum albumin (p < 0.01) and higher serum homocystein, troponin I and T, and LV mass index (p < 0.01). Hyperhomocysteinemia, anemia, hypertriglyceridemia and uncontrolled hypertension had the highest prevalence (86.09%, 76.52%, 43.48% and 36.52%, respectively) among all investigated cardiovascular risk factors. Hypertrophy of the LV was presented in 71.31% of the patients and congestive heart failure in 8.70%. Heart valve calcification was found in 48.70% of the patients, pericardial effusion in 25.22% and disrrhythmia in 20.87% of the investigated patients. The average annual overall mortality rate was 13.74%, while average cardiovascular mortality rate was 8.51%. Conclusion. Patients on HD have high risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular system and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): mutual injuries and unexpected outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Sobh ◽  
Muhammad Saad Reihan ◽  
Tamer M. S. Hifnawy ◽  
Khloud Gamal Abdelsalam ◽  
Sohaila Sabry Awad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
System A ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Unexpected Outcomes

Abstract Background Cardiovascular system involvement in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has gained great interest in the scientific community. Main body Several studies reported increased morbidity and mortality among COVID-19 patients who had comorbidities, especially cardiovascular diseases like hypertension and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). COVID-19 may be associated with cardiovascular complications as arrhythmia, myocarditis, and thromboembolic events. We aimed to illustrate the interactions of COVID-19 disease and the cardiovascular system and the consequences on clinical decision as well as public health. Conclusions COVID-19 has negative consequences on the cardiovascular system. A high index of suspicion should be present to avoid poor prognosis of those presenting with unusual presentation.

The Cardiovascular System in Cystic Fibrosis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 728-741
Author(s):  
Arthur J. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Cor Pulmonale ◽  
Bronchial Arteries ◽  
Practical Standpoint ◽  
Research Tools

Available evidence indicates that cystic fibrosis causes widespread involvement of the cardiovascular system. Aside from the heart, unusual aberrations have been observed in the bronchial arteries, the aorta, and the systemic capillaries. Of all cardiovascular complications, cor pulmonale is the most serious. Recognition of a significant degree of cor pulmonale is generally possible on the basis of the severity of the underlying disease. Although echocardiography and radionucide angiography are valuable research tools in the study of cor pulmonale in cystic fibrosis, they add little, from a practical standpoint, to the management of the patient. The basis of cor pulmonale is hypoxemia and unless this is relieved, no enduring effect can be expected from therapy directed toward the heart. Inasmuch as cystic fibrosis is a progressive disease, cor pulmonale is also progressive. At best, cardiac treatment represents a delaying action that may provide more time to combat an intercurrent infection.

ASSESSMENT OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN WOMEN AT REST AND AFTER A STRESS TEST

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Raylyan A.L. ◽  
Galieva G.D. ◽  
Nikolaenko P.V. ◽  
Ivanova P.V.
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Stress Testing ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Adaptive Nature ◽  
Different Levels

During pregnancy, the cardiovascular system functions with an increased load. These changes are of a pronounced adaptive nature and provide optimal conditions for the transport of oxygen in the placenta and vital organs of the mother. According to domestic and foreign researchers, 20% of women during pregnancy are first diagnosed with a violation of blood pressure, which negatively affects both the health of the pregnant woman and the fetus. In this regard, for effective pre-gravidar preparation and minimizing the risks of cardiovascular complications, there is a need to develop criteria for pre-nosological diagnosis of various blood pressure disorders in women of reproductive age. The study made it possible to study the indicators of the cardiovascular system at rest and after stress testing in women with different levels of habitual motor activity. As a result, women with low and high habitual motor activity were assigned to the risk group for the development of arterial hypo - and hypertension. The results obtained are the basis for identifying criteria for prenosological diagnosis of early blood pressure disorders.

The cardiovascular system during sleep

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
Naima Covassin ◽  
Virend K. Somers
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Diurnal Pattern ◽  
Sleep Period ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Disturbed Sleep

The majority of molecular, physiological, and behavioural processes undergo substantial variations across a 24 h period. The health implications of such fluctuations, whether they are expressions of an intrinsic circadian rhythmicity or are secondary to changes in physical activity, posture, and/or sleep, are increasingly recognized. Similar to other biological functions, the cardiovascular system exhibits a prominent day–night profile, with profound haemodynamic, autonomic, and hormonal oscillations occurring during the sleep period. These time-dependent and sleep stage-dependent patterns of function have important clinical significance. The cardiovascular downregulation achieved throughout the night while asleep may be restorative and protective against adverse events, while the morning physiological activation coincident with awakening facilitates resumption of daytime activities. Nevertheless, rather than beneficial, these activity configurations may be pathogenic in individuals with a vulnerable substrate and may favour onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular complications may also arise as a consequence of abnormal day–night periodicity and disturbed sleep quantity and quality. Hence, consideration of the diurnal pattern of cardiovascular activity is critical in the clinical setting.

scholarly journals Statistical distributions commonly used in measurement uncertainty in laboratory medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Coskun ◽  
Wytze P. Oosterhuis
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Laboratory Medicine ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
Total Uncertainty ◽  
New Era ◽  
International Organization For Standardization

Uncertainty is an inseparable part of all types of measurement. Recently, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) released a new standard (ISO 20914) on how to calculate measurement uncertainty (MU) in laboratory medicine. This standard can be regarded as the beginning of a new era in laboratory medicine. Measurement uncertainty comprises various components and is used to calculate the total uncertainty. All components must be expressed in standard deviation (SD) and then combined. However, the characteristics of these components are not the same; some are expressed as SD, while others are expressed as a ± b, such as the purity of the reagents. All non-SD variables must be transformed into SD, which requires a detailed knowledge of common statistical distributions used in the calculation of MU. Here, the main statistical distributions used in MU calculation are briefly summarized.

scholarly journals The Role of MSC Therapy in Attenuating the Damaging Effects of the Cytokine Storm Induced by COVID-19 on the Heart and Cardiovascular System

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina M. Ellison-Hughes ◽  
Liam Colley ◽  
Katie A. O'Brien ◽  
Kirsty A. Roberts ◽  
Thomas A. Agbaedeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Organ Systems

The global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to 47 m infected cases and 1. 2 m (2.6%) deaths. A hallmark of more severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) appears to be a virally-induced over-activation or unregulated response of the immune system, termed a “cytokine storm,” featuring elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-22, CXCL10, and TNFα. Whilst the lungs are the primary site of infection for SARS-CoV-2, in more severe cases its effects can be detected in multiple organ systems. Indeed, many COVID-19 positive patients develop cardiovascular complications, such as myocardial injury, myocarditis, cardiac arrhythmia, and thromboembolism, which are associated with higher mortality. Drug and cell therapies targeting immunosuppression have been suggested to help combat the cytokine storm. In particular, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), owing to their powerful immunomodulatory ability, have shown promise in early clinical studies to avoid, prevent or attenuate the cytokine storm. In this review, we will discuss the mechanistic underpinnings of the cytokine storm on the cardiovascular system, and how MSCs potentially attenuate the damage caused by the cytokine storm induced by COVID-19. We will also address how MSC transplantation could alleviate the long-term complications seen in some COVID-19 patients, such as improving tissue repair and regeneration.

scholarly journals Protein O-GlcNAcylation: a new signaling paradigm for the cardiovascular system

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (1) ◽  
pp. H13-H28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boglarka Laczy ◽  
Bradford G. Hill ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Andrew J. Paterson ◽  
C. Roger White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Cytoplasmic Proteins ◽  
Present Understanding

The posttranslational modification of serine and threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins by the O-linked attachment of the monosaccharide β- N-acetylglucosamine ( O-GlcNAc) is a highly dynamic and ubiquitous protein modification. Protein O-GlcNAcylation is rapidly emerging as a key regulator of critical biological processes including nuclear transport, translation and transcription, signal transduction, cytoskeletal reorganization, proteasomal degradation, and apoptosis. Increased levels of O-GlcNAc have been implicated as a pathogenic contributor to glucose toxicity and insulin resistance, which are both major hallmarks of diabetes mellitus and diabetes-related cardiovascular complications. Conversely, there is a growing body of data demonstrating that the acute activation of O-GlcNAc levels is an endogenous stress response designed to enhance cell survival. Reports on the effect of altered O-GlcNAc levels on the heart and cardiovascular system have been growing rapidly over the past few years and have implicated a role for O-GlcNAc in contributing to the adverse effects of diabetes on cardiovascular function as well as mediating the response to ischemic injury. Here, we summarize our present understanding of protein O-GlcNAcylation and its effect on the regulation of cardiovascular function. We examine the pathways regulating protein O-GlcNAcylation and discuss, in more detail, our understanding of the role of O-GlcNAc in both mediating the adverse effects of diabetes as well as its role in mediating cellular protective mechanisms in the cardiovascular system. In addition, we also explore the parallels between O-GlcNAc signaling and redox signaling, as an alternative paradigm for understanding the role of O-GlcNAcylation in regulating cell function.

scholarly journals PECULIAR FEATURES OF STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL INDICES OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN YOUNG MEN WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION ASSOCIATED WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
R T Rizvanova ◽  
N I Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Antihypertensive Therapy ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Systolic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Functional Indices ◽  
Group 1

Aim. To carry out dynamic assessment of the structural and functional indices of cardiovascular system in young men with arterial hypertension (AH) associated with excess body mass (Ebm) against the background of therapy. Materials and methods. Examination of 86 young men aged 18-27 years, including the group of comparison with practically healthy persons ( n = 24) and the group of observation ( n = 62) was performed. The group of observation joined patients with AH without EBM and AH+EBM. The study was conducted initially and 6 months later. Patients with AH+EBM ( n = 25) were divided into 2 subgroups: group 1 (12 persons) without therapy and group 2 (13 persons) against the background of antihypertensive therapy. Results. Six months later, in group 1 there was observed a growth of “office” systolic arterial pressure (SAP) by 3,8 % (145,0 ± 2,88 and 150,54 ± 2,99 Hg mm), p = 0,001, but in the group with antihypertensive therapy, SAP decreased by 12,7 % (145,75 ± 2,80 and 129,33 ± 1,5 Hg mm), p = 0,01 and DAP - by 12,1 % (86,5 ± 1,95 and 77,16 ± 2,41 Hg mm), p = 0,02. Pulse wave propagation velocity (PWPV) along the vessels of muscular and elastic types among patients without therapy was found to grow in dynamics by 12,2 and 16,2 %, respectively. Against the background of therapy, there was a tendency to a reliable reduction in PWPV indices. Conclusions. Antihypertensive therapy in patients with AH+EBM, while decreasing AP, leads to reduction of LVMM, LVMMI, PWPV and IMCV. The early diagnosed lesion of target organs among young men with AH+EBM and timely antihypertensive therapy can improve structural and functional characteristics of cardiovascular complications.

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