scholarly journals Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in women of childbearing age from a marginal community of Maracaibo, Venezuela

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odelis Diaz-Suárez ◽  
Jesus Estevez
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Igm Antibodies

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-T. gondii total and IgM antibodies in women of childbearing age. One hundred serum samples of women were studied with age range from 11 to 45 years old. Samples were chosen by random. The determination of total antibodies was carried out through the indirect hemagglutination technique and IgM antibodies by ELISA's technique. The statistical analysis was carried out through the Chi square and the Spearman correlation tests. The theoretical estimated incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis was calculated, according to the annual increment of antibody prevalence among the age groups. The overall prevalence of toxoplasmosis was 33%, while only six individuals (18.2%) were positive to IgM. The highest prevalence was observed in the 11-35 year-old age group. The theoretical estimated incidence was 1.5 for 100 pregnancies in women of 21-25 year-old group; it decreased until 0.1% in the 41-45 year-old age group. The findings show a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in this community with a high infection risk in women of the studied age group and the high cat population observed, suggesting that the transmission way by contaminated soils may play a main role in the spreading of toxoplasmosis in this community.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiological study of toxoplasmosis in women referred to a pre-marriage counseling center in Alborz Province, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melica Shahighi ◽  
Aliehsan Heidari ◽  
Hossein Keshavarz ◽  
Amir Bairami ◽  
Saeedeh Shojaee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Igg Avidity ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Objectives The aim of the current study was to assess prevalence of Toxoplasma infection and its associated risk factors in women of childbearing-age in central Iran. Results Of 400 serum samples assessed for anti-T. gondii antibodies, 81 (20.25%) samples were positive for anti-T. gondii antibodies, including 74 positive samples (91.3%) for anti-T. gondii IgG and seven positive samples (8.7%) for IgG and IgM. Of seven IgG and IgM positive samples, five and two samples were high and low in IgG avidity, respectively. Based on PCR analysis, Toxoplasma infection was detected in one sample with anti-T. gondii IgM and low IgG avidity. The Chi-square test showed significant correlations of T. gondii seropositivity with history of undercooked meat consumption and contacts with cats (p < 0.05). In the present study, 79.75% of the participants were negative for IgG against T. gondii infection. Furthermore, recently acquired Toxoplasma infection was found using IgG avidity and PCR assays among women of childbearing-age in the study area, which would increase the risk of their fetus becoming infected. Educational program and antenatal screening of childbearing-age women for T. gondii infection may be important primary prevention strategies and help reduce the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis in this population.

scholarly journals Trends of central obesity and associations with nutrients intake and daily behaviors among women of childbearing age in China

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zichong Long ◽  
Lili Huang ◽  
Jiajun Lyu ◽  
Yuanqing Xia ◽  
Yiting Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Nutrients Intake

Abstract Background Obesity among women of childbearing age has becoming an important public health concern. We aimed to describe the trends of central obesity among Chinese women of childbearing age from 2004 to 2011 and to examine its associations with nutrients intake and daily behaviors. Methods Longitudinal data were derived from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Participants consisted of 2481 women aged 15–44 years old. WC (Waist circumference) and WHtR (Waist to height ratio) were adopted as indicators of central obesity. Generalized linear mixed model was performed to analyze the associations of nutrients intake and daily behaviors with central obesity. Results From 2004 to 2011, the prevalence of central obesity among Chinese women of childbearing age increased from 21.6 to 30.7% (WC as indice) or from 22.8 to 32.6% (WHtR as indice) (both p < 0.001). Protein intake above the AMDR (Acceptable macronutrient distribution range) (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.05–1.39, p < 0.01) and non-participation in LTPA (Leisure time physical activity) (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.17–1.80, p < 0.001) were risk factors for high WC, and the latter was also associated with high WHtR (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.10–1.67, p < 0.01). For those women who had high WC & high WHtR, the impacts of protein intake and LTPA became stronger, especial LTPA (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.21–1.94, p < 0.001). Age-stratified analyses found that non-participation in LTPA was key factor for central obesity in 15–34 age group, while protein intake above the AMDR was pronounced in the 35–44 age group. Conclusions Non-participation in LTPA and protein intake above the AMDR were significant contributors of central obesity, which could be intervention targets to deal with the growing trend of central obesity among women of childbearing age.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii in women of childbearing age and during pregnancy: seroprevalence study in Central and Southern Italy from 2013 to 2017

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Fanigliulo ◽  
Serena Marchi ◽  
Emanuele Montomoli ◽  
Claudia Maria Trombetta
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference

Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide health problem. Infection in pregnant women can result in severe fetal morbidity or in subclinical neonatal infection; most subclinical cases develop ocular and neurological sequelae. The purpose of this serological study was to assess the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in two populations of women of childbearing age in Siena (Tuscany, Central Italy) and Bari (Apulia, Southern Italy) between 2013 and 2017 and in a group of pregnant women in Bari in 2016–2017. Serum samples were tested for the presence of specific anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies by a commercially available ELISA test. The percentage of seropositive subjects in Bari was significantly higher than in Siena (22.4% vs. 12.4%) and an age-related trend was observed. A low prevalence of T. gondii infection (13.8%) was observed among the pregnant women tested. In addition to showing a significant difference between Central and Southern Italy, this study provides updated data on T. gondii seroprevalence in women during childbearing age and pregnancy. The results confirm a trend toward a decrease, especially in younger people and pregnant women.

scholarly journals Hubungan Paritas dan Karakteristik Individu terhadap Pemakaian Alat Kontrasepsi diantara Wanita Usia Subur di Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Ratna Dwi Wulandari ◽  
Agung Dwi Laksono
Keyword(s):  
Junior High School ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Number Of Children

East Java Province, which is dominated by Javanese and Madurese, has a community with cultural characteristics that consider having a large number of children will many fortunes. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of parity on the use of contraceptives in women of childbearing age in East Java. The study used data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey. The population was women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in East Java. By using stratification and multistage random sampling obtained 5,593 respondents. In addition to the use of contraceptives and parity, other variables were the type of residence, age group, level of education, work status, marital status, socioeconomic status, and health insurance ownership. Determination of influence using binary logistic regression. The results showed that parity was one of the determinants of contraceptive use in East Java. Multiparous women of childbearing age were 4.114 times higher than primiparous women for contraception. Women in the 15-19 age group were 8.413 times more likely to use contraception than the 45-49 year age group. While women in the age group 40-44 years have the possibility of 2.209 times. Women with an elementary-junior high school education were 3.931 times more likely than those without school to use contraception. While those with tertiary education are likely 4.957 times compared to those not in school. Poor women were 1.525 times more likely than the poorest to use contraception. It could be concluded that parity was one of the determinants of contraceptive use in women of childbearing age in East Java Province. Abstrak Provinsi Jawa Timur didominasi oleh suku Jawa dan Madura. Kedua suku memiliki karakter pandangan budaya tentang jumlah anak yang banyak, yaitu banyak anak, banyak rejeki. Penelitian ditujukan untuk menganalisis hubungan paritas terhadap pemakaian alat kontrasepsi pada wanita usia subur di Jawa Timur. Penelitian menggunakan data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2017. Populasi adalah wanita usia subur (15-49 tahun) di Jawa Timur. Dengan menggunakan stratification and multistage random sampling didapatkan 5.593 responden. Selain pemakaian alat kontrasepsi dan paritas, variabel lain yang adalah tipe tempat tinggal, kelompok umur, tingkat pendidikan, status bekerja, status perkawinan, status sosioekonomi, dan kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan. Penentuan pengaruh menggunakan regresi logistik biner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paritas merupakan salah satu determinan pemakaian alat kontrasepsi di Jawa Timur. Wanita multipara kemungkinan 4,114 kali lebih tinggi dibanding wanita primipara untuk memakai alat kontrasepsi. Wanita pada kelompok umur 15-19 tahun memiliki kemungkinan 8,413 kali dibanding kelompok umur 45-49 tahun untuk memakai alat kontrasepsi. Sementara wanita pada kelompok umur 40-44 tahun memiliki kemungkinan 2,209 kali. Wanita berpendidikan SD-SLTP kemungkinan 3,931 kali dibanding yang tidak sekolah untuk memakai alat kontrasepsi. Sedang yang berpendidikan perguruan tinggi kemungkinan 4,957 kalidibanding yang tidak sekolah. Wanita miskin kemungkinan 1,525 kali dibanding yang paling miskin untuk memakai alat kontrasepsi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa paritas merupakan salah satu determinan pemakaian alat kontrasepsi pada wanita usia subur di Provinsi Jawa Timur.

scholarly journals Sero-epidemiology of rubella in Zambia in the pre-vaccination period (2005 – 2016) as baseline for evaluation of introduction of rubella vaccine into the national immunization program

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazyanga Lucy Mazaba ◽  
Seter Siziya ◽  
Mwaka Monze ◽  
Daniel Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Rubella Infection ◽  
Logistics Regression ◽  
Hot Dry Season

Abstract Background Rubella is highly under-reported in Zambia as in most sub-Saharan countries despite being a disease of major public health concern especially among women of childbearing age. In September 2016, Zambia introduced a combined measles-rubella vaccine in children aged 0-14 years. In this study, we estimated the rubella sero-prevalence and its correlates between 2005 and 2016, a period prior to the introduction of Measles-Rubella vaccine in Zambia to provide baseline reference data for the future evaluation of its impact. Methods In a retrospective study, serum samples collected through the national measles surveillance program that tested negative for measles were examined for rubella IgM antibodies using the Siemens, Enzygnost® ELISA kit at the national measles laboratory accredited by WHO. Data on age, sex, province, year and month of onset were extracted from the surveillance data. Logistics regression analysis was conducted to determine independent predictors of rubella infection. Results Overall, a sero-prevalence of 29.2% (1313/4497) affecting mostly those between 5 and 24 years was determined. Logistics regression results indicated that only age, province, year and month were independently associated with rubella infection. The regional sero-prevalence varied from 21.8 – 37.3% peaking in the hot dry month of October. Logistics regression indicated that those in the age group 10-14 years (AOR=2.43; 95% CI [2.01 - 2.95]) were more likely while those aged <1 year less likely (AOR=0.31; 95% CI [021 - 0.48]) to have rubella compared to those aged 25 years or older. Persons in 2010 were less likely (AOR=0.12; CI [0.05, 0.28]) to have rubella infection compared to those in 2016. While rubella infections were more likely to occur between July and November compared to December, they were less likely to occur between February and May. Conclusions There is evidence that rubella virus was circulating in Zambia between 2005 and 2016 affecting more females than males and persons in the age group 5-24 years with a peak in the hot dry season. It is recommended that immunisation campaigns be targeted in months of lower virus transmission between February and May and in a situation of limited resources to those aged 5-24 years.

Seroepidemiology of TORCH Infections among 1.7 Million Women of Childbearing Age in Rural China: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaosong Qin ◽  
Shikun Zhang ◽  
Hongbo Liu ◽  
Guixue Cheng ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Igm Antibodies

We conducted a national seroepidemiological study of the TORCH (Toxoplasma gondii [TOX], Rubella [RV], Cytomegalovirus [CMV], and Herpes Simplex Virus) in rural women to provided updated baseline data on TORCH prevalence. A total of 1,541,329 women of childbearing age were gathered from 2010 to 2012 in China. Of these, 858,072 women were tested positive for anti-RV IgG antibodies, 602,251 women were tested positive for anti-CMV antibodies, and 40,055 women were tested positive for anti-TOX antibodies. TORCH prevalence was highest among young adults (aged 25–34 years; P < 0.0001). A total of 69,220 women (4.49%) had received RV vaccination, of whom 49,988 (72.2%) had vaccine-acquired immunity. Of 1,541,329 women, 6,107 (0.40%) tested positive for anti-TOX IgM antibodies and 6,646 (0.43%) tested positive for anti-CMV IgM antibodies, suggesting the presence of TOX and CMV infections. TORCH markers were all more prevalent in the eastern region of China than in the central or western regions (all P < 0.0001). Prevalence rates related to all recent infection markers of TOX and CMV increased with increasing age in all regions (P < 0.0001). TORCH prevalence rates were found to be lower than previously published rates. This may be attributed to improvements in living standards and health habits in China. However, considering that the decrease in prevalence has led to an increase in the number of susceptible people, and the partial immunity caused by some pathogenic infections still leave infected people at risk of reinfection, strengthened vaccination and health education is essential to improve the quality of life of the Chinese population.

Identification of Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Congenital and Acute Toxoplasmosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heloisa Ribeiro Storchilo ◽  
Giulianne Monteiro Teixeira ◽  
André Luís Elias Moreira ◽  
Taynara Cristina Gomes ◽  
Clayton Luiz Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Infection ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Infection Group ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis

Abstract Background The diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis can be inconclusive in many cases. Despite the several serological tests developed, the literature on biomarkers that can assist in the diagnosis of congenital an acute toxoplasmosis is limited. The objective of this study was to analyze the immunoreactive profile of Toxoplasma gondii protein bands with the potential to be biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of congenital and acute toxoplasmosis. Methods Peripheral blood samples from women of childbearing age and/or pregnant women diagnosed with acquired toxoplasmosis as well as from congenitally infected children were selected and submitted to immunoblotting for analysis of the immunoreactive bands profile by immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Results When comparing the immunoreactive bands profile for antibodies present in samples from different groups and subgroups, the 150, 18.5, and 16.96-kDa bands were more immunoreactive with the antibodies present in serum samples from the acquired infection group. The 343, 189, 150, 75, and 42-kDa bands showed more chance to be detected by the symptomatic congenital infection subgroup samples, while the 61, 50, and 16.96-kDa bands were significantly immunoreactive with the acute infection subgroup samples. Conclusions The identification of these potential biomarkers can assist in early diagnosis and treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of acute rubella infection in Zambia during the pre-vaccination period (2005 – 2016) as a baseline for monitoring rubella epidemiology in the post-rubella vaccine  introduction era.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazyanga Lucy Mazaba ◽  
Seter Siziya ◽  
Mwaka Monze ◽  
Daniel Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Hot Dry Season

Abstract Background: Rubella is highly under reported in Zambia as in most sub-Saharan countries despite being a disease of major public health concern especially among women of childbearing age. In September 2016, Zambia introduced a combined measles-rubella vaccine in children aged 0-14 years. In this study, we estimated the proportion of acute rubella among suspected cases during the pre Measles-Rubella vaccine introduction era (2005-2016) and determined its correlates for monitoring rubella epidemiology post-rubella vaccine introduction. Methods: In a retrospective study, 4497 measles IgM negative serum samples from 5686 clinically suspected measles cases were examined for rubella IgM antibodies using the Siemens, Enzygnost® ELISA kit at the national measles laboratory. Data on demographics, year and month of onset were extracted from the surveillance data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis using backward variable selection was conducted to determine independent predictors for acute rubella. Results: Overall, a proportion of 29.2% (1313/4497) affecting mostly those between 5 and 24 years was determined. Only age, province, month and year were independently associated with acute rubella. The regional proportions varied from 21.8 – 37.3% peaking in the hot dry month of October. Persons in the age group 10-14 years (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]=2.43; 95% CI [2.01 - 2.95]) were more likely while those aged <1 year less likely (AOR=0.31; 95% CI [021 - 0.48]) to have acute rubella compared to those aged 25 years or older. Persons in 2010 were less likely (AOR=0.12; CI [0.05, 0.28]) to have acute rubella compared to those in 2016. While acute rubella was more likely to occur between July and November compared to December, it was less likely to occur between February and May. Conclusions: R ubella virus was circulating in Zambia between 2005 and 2016 affecting mostly persons in the age group 5-24 years peaking in the month of October during the hot dry season. It is important that Zambia has introduced a rubella containing vaccine, however, establishing the baseline epidemiological profile of rubella prior to MR vaccine introduction is important for monitoring the success of the preventative vaccination strategy employed. Keywords: Rubella, Acute, Proportion, Correlates, Zambia, Pre vaccination era, Immunisation

scholarly journals Epidemiology of acute rubella infection in Zambia during the pre-vaccination period (2005 – 2016) as a baseline for monitoring rubella epidemiology in the post-rubella vaccine  introduction era.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazyanga Lucy Mazaba ◽  
Seter Siziya ◽  
Mwaka Monze ◽  
Daniel Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Hot Dry Season

Abstract Background: Rubella is highly under reported in Zambia as in most sub-Saharan countries despite being a disease of major public health concern especially among women of childbearing age. In September 2016, Zambia introduced a combined measles-rubella vaccine in children aged 0-14 years. In this study, we estimated the proportion of acute rubella among suspected cases during the pre Measles-Rubella vaccine introduction era (2005-2016) and determined its correlates for monitoring rubella epidemiology post-rubella vaccine introduction. Methods: In a retrospective study, 4497 measles IgM negative serum samples from 5686 clinically suspected measles cases were examined for rubella IgM antibodies using the Siemens, Enzygnost® ELISA kit at the national measles laboratory. Data on demographics, year and month of onset were extracted from the surveillance data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis using backward variable selection was conducted to determine independent predictors for acute rubella. Results: Overall, a proportion of 29.2% (1313/4497) affecting mostly those between 5 and 24 years was determined. Only age, province, month and year were independently associated with acute rubella. The regional proportions varied from 21.8 – 37.3% peaking in the hot dry month of October. Persons in the age group 10-14 years (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]=2.43; 95% CI [2.01 - 2.95]) were more likely while those aged <1 year less likely (AOR=0.31; 95% CI [021 - 0.48]) to have acute rubella compared to those aged 25 years or older. Persons in 2010 were less likely (AOR=0.12; CI [0.05, 0.28]) to have acute rubella compared to those in 2016. While acute rubella was more likely to occur between July and November compared to December, it was less likely to occur between February and May. Conclusions: R ubella virus was circulating in Zambia between 2005 and 2016 affecting mostly persons in the age group 5-24 years peaking in the month of October during the hot dry season. It is important that Zambia has introduced a rubella containing vaccine, however, establishing the baseline epidemiological profile of rubella prior to MR vaccine introduction is important for monitoring the success of the preventative vaccination strategy employed. Keywords: Rubella, Acute, Proportion, Correlates, Zambia, Pre vaccination era, Immunisation

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEINGINAN MEMILIKI ANAK LEBIH DARI DUA DI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Baiq Nining Handayani ◽  
M. Ikhsany Rusyda
Keyword(s):  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Method ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
Group Sex

 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keinginan memiliki anak lebih dari dua di Nusa Tenggara Barat. Data yang digunakan adalah Survey Penduduk Antar Sensus (SUPAS) Tahun 2015 dengan unit analisis Wanita Usia Subur yang sudah menikah usia 10-54 tahun. Analisis dilakukan dengan metode regresi logistik biner. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa wanita usia subur di Nusa Tenggara Barat yang telah memiliki dua anak sebagian besar masih menginginkan anak yang ketiga. Semakin lama ibu menikah dan semakin tua usia ibu, kecenderungan untuk menambah anak lagi setelah memiliki dua anak semakin berkurang. Penggunaan KB dan daerah tempat tinggal menunjukkan adanya perbedaan keinginan untuk menambah anak lagi setelah memiliki dua anak. Kelompok umur, jenis kelamin anak, lama dalam ikatan perkawinan, penggunaan alat/cara KB dan pulau tempat tinggal berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keinginan memiliki anak lebih dari dua di Nusa Tenggara Barat.  The aim of this study is to determine the factors that influence women’s desire to have more than two children in West Nusa Tenggara. The data used is the 2015 Intercensal Population Survey (SUPAS) with the unit of analysis is married women aged 10-54 years and analyzed with binary logistic regression method. The analysis shows that most women of childbearing age in West Nusa Tenggara who already have two children still want to have children. The longer the mother gets married and the older the mother's age, the tendency to have more children decreases. The use of contraception and the condition around residential areas shows differences in the desire to have more children. Age group, sex of children, length of marriage, use of contraception methods, and place of living have significant effects on the desire to have more than two children in West Nusa Tenggara.  

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